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BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY, WITH REFERENCE TO PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, , CONTENTS, , * Introduction to Biotechnology, * History of Biotechnology, , Applications of Biotechnology, , , , , , , , , , , , Biotechnology : It is an interdisciplinary field which reflects the relationship between “Science of, biology” and “Technology”. It deals with biological systems like cells or tissues, biological, molecules like enzymes, antibodies and protein or their derivatives as well as living organisms to, make or modify products or processes for human use and welfare., , Genetic Engineering : Genetic engineering is a technique of removing, adding or modifying, genes to a DNA molecule for the purpose to produce a new trait in organism or to produce a new, protein or hormone., , ’ Molecular Biology : It is a branch of biology which deals with structure and functions of, macromolecules like proteins, nucleic acid etc., , ving organism or system to be useful to any human purpose. The word defines, ’ life and "gy Means applications which uses biological systems,
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PY New Concepts In Bio,, , X S i of utilizing “nature’s own” biochemistry to, pose ne pret nd process and provide solutions to society’s ills, , _ Biotechnology may also be defined as the aspects to technology concerned wi, pplication of living organisms to meet the needs and ends of man., , The controlled use of biological agents such as living organisms or cellular compo, for useful purposes., , Biotechnology is the manipulation of living organisms and organic material (0 ..,, human kind., , Biotechnology means utilizing the application of genetic engineering and ()\, “i eee to develop therapeutic and medical diagnostic products and processes, , point, the biotechnology dates back to the time, approximate’), ns began to use yeast to produce beer and wine and bacter, , Yogurt aoe reseesiene aan that Louis Pasteur, who
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Brief introduction to B, , Microbiology, , Biochemistry, , , , , , , , APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOG}
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Brief Introduction to Biotechnology, , e Interleukins function as messengers between leukocytes. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) stimulates T, lymphocytes., , ¢ Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulates the bone marrow to produce, neutrophils (antibacterial leukocytes). These are used for controlling infections in patients, on anticancer drugs that suppress immune responses., , * Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulates the bone, marrow to produce neutrophils and macrophages., , b) Enzymes, , Different recombinant enzymes are used against many diseases and include, « Alteplase: is the recombinant version of one of the enzymes that accelerate this conversion, can contribute to the treatment of heart attacks, strokes, and pulmonary emboli., , * Dornase alfa: is a recombinant variant of DNase I in aerosol form that can break down, intracellular DNA and make the mucous secretions less adhesive to airways thus decrease, the incidence and duration of lung infections., , « Imiglucerase: is a recombinant variant of glucocerebrosidase and imiglucerase which, stopped the isolation of enzyme from human donors., , c) Hormones, , ¢ Human Insulin: Recombinant human insulin is a recombinant pharmaceutical for the, treatment of cases of diabetes., , « Lispro: Recombinant insulin like substance - is faster acting than regular insulin., , + Epoetin alfa: used for the treatment of anemia due to chronic renal failure., , ¢ Recombinant human growth hormone: used to counter growth failure in children that is, due to a lack of hGH production by the body. er, , 4) Clotting Factors A, , * Abciximab for the prevention of blood clotting as an adjunct to angioplasty., * Recombinant antihemophiliac factor (rAHF) for the treatment of hemophilia., , Genetically engineered sheep clone carries a human gene for factor IX, and it gives milk, that contains the factor., , e) Vaccines, , Vaccine against Ebola virus., , * Vaccine against bacterial infection - Streptococcal pneumonia., , * Vaccine contained a melanoma-antigen variant more effective than the original antigen in_, tt ting T lymphocytes to cancer sites that are destructive to tumors., , Edible cholera vaccine is a nontoxic, relatively heat-stable protein that can, , ne response even when it is ingested as a potato constituent., , sense technology:
