Page 1 : ROAD GEOMETRICS, , of standard land width for various categories of roads in rural and in different, terrains are given in Table 2.1., , Table 2. Recommended Land width for different classes of roads, (in metres), , 2, , Plain and rolling terrain, , Mountainous, and steep terrain, , Road Geometrics, , S., , Road, , No., , Classification, , Road geometrics are the elements of a road which are visible to road, Road geometrics provide optimum efficiency in traffic, operation with, maximum safety at reasonable cost Every road user wants to reach, his., destination safely and in shortest possible time. In order to fulfil these, , National and state, , Open, , areas, , areas, , Major district roads, , requirements, physical features of a road such as pavement width, width of, formation, right of way, curves etc. play a major role while designing a road., The sucoess and failure of road construction, depends mostly upon the, physical features of the road., , broadly, , classified under following hradings, , Cross-section elements, , Bropen eomebwe de»i, , Sight distance considerations, Horizontal and vertical, , alignments, , iyIntersection elements., , srelucho, uia help in he and, hein, , of, , accidenta, , Seveni1, , 22.GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED AND THEIR IMPORTANCE, (Refer Fig 221), 2,2.1. Right of Way, Right of way is the area of land acquired and reserved for construction, and development of road. aong its aiignment The width of this, acquired, and is called land width and it depends upon the width of formation,, slope, of cuttings and embankmen:. cepth ot Cuttng and, tanking. minimum sight, distance on horzontzi curves. dra aga system and al'so on the, importance, t h e road and possibie future, , de eic, , prescnbec or ezch cE:egony, , roac, , n, , e, , A minimum land wdth has, , !RC recommenced vaiues, , 45, , 2, , Built-up, areas, , Normal, , 30-60, , 30, , 30-60, , 30, , 20, , 15-25, , 18, , 15, , 15, , 12, , Highways, , users., , en, , Built-up, , areas, , Nomal Range Normal| Range Normat, , 2.1INTRODUCTION, , Road geometrics can be, , Open, , Other distnct roads, , 15, , 15-25, , 15, , 15-20, , Village roads, , 12, , 12-18, , 10, , 10-15, , 20, , At the time of acquiring land for a, right of way it is desirable to acquire, width of land as the cost of, land invariably increases, adjoining, very, much, soon after the construction of new, highway and also, sIde, development start taking place making it difficult to acquire more road, land later, more, , on., , In, , order of reserve, sufficient space for future, désirable to control the building construction development of roads, it, activities on either, of, the road boundary,, beyond the land width acquired for the roadside, !t is, therefore, necessay to disallow the building activities, upto 'bulding tines, with sufficient setback from the road, Further it is aiso, to exercise control on the nature of boundary., desirable, building, upto, setback, distance, upto tha, 'control lines'. The overall width, requirerpents, between, the, and control lines recommended by the IRC for different, building ines, localities are, in Table 22, is, , give

Page 2 : TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING, , ROAD GEOMETRICS, , and control lines, , Road, , Plain and rolling Terrain, , Mountainous and, , steep terrain, Road, , No. Classification, , Distance between, , building line and, , slope., 2,2Width of Pavement or Carriageway,, , (setback) (metres, , the roadway constructed for, , Overall, width, , (metres, , Open, , Distance, betweenn, , control, lines, , areas, , building, , areas, , line and road, , boundary, , (metres), , (setback), (metres), , 150, , to 6, , 80, , Built-up, , highway depends on the predicted, capacity of each lane. The lane, width required is.calculated on the, , 3 to 5, , 3 to 5, , 3 to5, , Other district roads, , 25/30, , 35, , 3 to 5, , 3 to 5, , 3 to 5, , 25, , 30, , 3 to 5, , 3 to 5 3to 5, , Formation width is the sum of widths of carriageway or pavement, , shouiders, and separators iEnY It is the top widih ofthe highway, embankrment orthe bottom width.gf the highway cutting excluding the side, draing. The formation widthfor 3ifèrent categories of roads as finalised by, the I.R.C. are given in Table 2.3., Aable 2.3. Formation widths as per 1.R.C., Mountainous and, , Steep terrains, , Single lane|Twolane, , 12.0, , 12.0, , 6.25, , 9.0, , 9.0, , 4.75, , roads, Other distric, roads, , 7.5, , kage rcads, , 75, , 9.0, , 4.75, 4.00, , 3.75mFig. 2.1. (a) Single Lane pavement, , minimum side cleararce required for safe driving. As perIRC specifications, the maximum width of a vehicle is 2.44m and carriageway width for single, , traffic is 3.75 m., , Fig., , 2.1, , (a) and () shows, , details of carriageway, , width. The carriageway width for various class of roads as recommended, by 1.R.C. are given in Table 2.4., , Párking Lanes: These are provided in urban roads to allow kerb parking., Parallel parking should be allowed as far as possile. The width of parking lane, , should be sufficient., , Frontage Roads: These are provided to give ccess to properties along an, important highway. The frontage roads may run parallel to the highway and be, , Formatiorni width (metres), , state highways, Major distric, , basis of the width of vehicle and, , lane, , Width or Roadway Width, , National and, , traffic., , traffic volume and the traffic, , 100, , Two lane, , -2.44-, , Carriageway width depends on, the width of traffic lane and, , 3 to 5, , 50, , Single lane, , movement of vehicular, , 3 to 5, , Major district roads, , No.Classification, , Carriageway is the width of, , number of lanes required. The, number of lanes required in a, , highway, , Plain and rolling, Terrain, , roadway of a, parking lane,, , frontage road, drive way, cycle track, footpath, guard rail and embankment, , areas, , lines, , Road, , of land on either side of, the road amargins are, , Built up, , building, , S., , portions, , areas, , between| between, , Fomation, , the, , Open, , Overall, width, , Vilge roads, , Margins are, , road. The various elements included in, , road boundary, , National and state, , 1, , 2.2.3. Road Margins, , Table 2.2. Recommended standards for building lines, , 8.8, , isolated by a separator., Dre Ways : These connect the highway with commercial establish-ment, like fuel stations, service stations etc. These should be properly designed and, located, fairly away from an intersection., , cycle Tracks : These are provided in urban areas where the volume of, , cycle traffic on the road, , provided for the, , is very high. A minimum width of 2 mis, cycte track and it may be increased by 1 m each additional track., , Footpath, , are, , : urban, in, , for, , areas where the vehicular as well as, io avoid accident., , heavy.footpaths are provided, , pedestrian, , Min ith, , trafic, , Mom Wi, , Guard Rails: These are provided at the edge of the shoulder when the road, is constructed nn a fll of height morethan 3 m, to prevent the vehicles from running, off the embankmant.

Page 3 : TRANSrORTATION ENGINEERING, , 14, , 0.53m, , 1.06rn-, , -2.44m, , 0.53m, , -2.44m-, , 7.0m-, , Fig. 2.1. (b) Two, , Table 2.4. Width, S. No., , lane pavement., , of carriageway, , Class of Road, , as, , per l.R.C., , Width of Carriageway, , (metres), 1, , Single lane, , 3.75 for all roads, 3.0 for village roads, , 2., , Two lanes without raised kerbs, , 7.0, , 3., , Two lanes with raised kerbs, , 7.5, , Intermediate carriageway, , 5.5, , Multilane pavemenis, , 3.5 per lane, , 5, houl