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A Textbook of, , AUT@MOBILE, ENGINE

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Published by :, LAXMI PUBLICATIONS (P) LTD, 113, Golden House, Daryaganj,, New Dethi-110002, , Phone : 011-43 53 25 00, Fax : 011-43 53 25 28, , www.laxmipublications.com, [email protected], , Compiled by : Smt. Ramesh Rajput, , © Ali rights reserved with the Author and Publishers., , No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher., , , , , , Price : Rs. 350.00 Only. First Edition : 2007, Offices :, , India USA, , e Bangalore (Phone : 080-26 61 15 61) e Boston, , e@ Chennai (Phone : 044-24 34 47 26) 11, Leavitt Street, Hingham,, , e Cochin (Phone : 0484-239 70 04) MA 02043, USA, , e Guwakati (Phones : 0361-254 36 69, 251 38 81) Phone : 781-740-4487, , @ Hyderabad (Phone : 040-24 75 02 47), , e Jalandhar City (Phone : 0181-222 12 72), , e Kolkata (Phones : 033-22 27 37 73, 22 27 52 47), e Lucknow (Phone : 0522-220 95 78), , e Mumbai (Phones : 022-24 91 54 15, 24 92 78 69), e Ranchi (Phone : 0651-230 77 64), , , , EAE-0697-350-AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING C—13047/06/08, Typeset at : Goswami Printers, Delhi. Printed at : Mehra Offset Press, Delhi.

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2., , CoNTENTS, , , , , , , , Indicator Diagram, , Four Stroke i, , Two Stroke Cycle Engines, , Intake for Compression Ignition Engines, , Comparison of Four Stroke and Two Stroke Cycle Engines, Comparison of Spark Ignition (S.I.) and Compression Ignition (C.I.), Engines, , Comparison between a Petrol Engine and a Diesel Engine, , How to Tell a Two Stroke Cycle Engine from a Four Stroke, Cycle Engine ?, , , , EE BEBBEBPRERREBBE, , Il. Combustion in S.I. Engines, 2.18. Introduction to Combustion in S.I. Engines, , , , z, ; cy, 22 8 8&2 BBEBEEBEBBEBREE Ee bo to Ee im'<a'cn co me me, , 2.19. _ Combustion Phenomenon, , Copyrighted material

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(vii), , Effect of Engine Variables on Ignition Lag, , Spark Advance and Factors Affecting Ignition Timing, Pre-ignition, , Detonation, , Performance Number (PN), , Highest Useful Compression Ratio (HUCR), Combustion Chamber Design—S.I. Engines, , Some Types of Combustion Chambers, , Il. Combustion in C.I. Engines, , Introduction to Combustion in C.I. Engines, , Combustion Phenomenon in C.I. Engines, , Fundamentals of the Combustion Process in Diesel Engines, Delay Period (or Ignition Lag) in C.I. Engines, , Diesel Knock, , C.I. Engine Combustion Chambers, , Cold Starting of C.I. Engines, , IV. Two Stroke Engines, General Aspects, , Intake for Two stroke Cycle Engines, Scavenging Process, , Scavenging Parameters, , Scavenging Systems, , Crankcase Scavenging, , Scavenging Pumps and Blowers, , V. Fuels for LC Engines, Conventional Fuels (for I.C. Engines), Alternative Fuels for I.C. Engines, , VI. Supercharging of LC. Engines, Purpose of Supercharging, Su of 8.1. Engi, Supercharging of C.I. Engines, Modification of an Engine for Supercharging, , Superchargers, , Su i ments, Turbochargers, , VIL. Testing and Performance of I.C. Engines, Introduction to Testing and Performance of I.C. Engines, Performance Parameters, Basic Measurements, Engine Performance Curves, Comparison of Petrol and Diesel Engines—Fuel Consumption,, Load Outputs and Exhaust Composition __, Governing of I.C. Engines, Noise Abatement, , , , , , , , BEB BBRR BEBEEEE &E EEEEEBR FEserere women K, , Copyrighted material

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Chapter, , 2.58., 2.59., 2.60,, 2.61., , 2.62., 2.63., , 2.64., 2.65., 2.66., , 3.10., 3.11., , 3.12., , 3.13., 3.14., 3.15., , ( viii ), , VIII. Miscellaneous Engines, Dual-fuel and Multi-fuel Engines, , Stratified Charge Engine, , Stirling Engine, , The Wankel Rotary Combustion (RC) Engine, Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) Engines, Free-Piston Engine Plant, , IX. Air Pollution from LC. Engines and its Control, Introduction to Air Pollution from I.C. Engines, Pollutants, Spark Ignition (S.I.) Engine Emissions, S.I. Engine Emission Control, Diesel Engine Emissions, Diesel Smoke and Control, Comparison of Gasoline and Diesel Emissions, Zero Emission, Air Pollution from Gas Turbines and its Control, Effects of Engine Emissions on Human Health, Comparative Data of Constructional Features of, Engines of Some India Vehicles, Short Answer Questions, Highlights, Objective Type Questions, Theoretical Questions, Unsolved, , , , , , Transient Mixture Requirements, A Simple or Elementary Carburettor, Complete Carburettor, Carburettors’, Petrol Injection s, Theory of Simple Carburettor, , IL C.L. Engines, Introduction to Fuel Injection Systems for C.I, Engines, Functional Requirements of an Injection System, Functions of a Fuel Injection System, , 242, , BSESREBEBES 7 BEBEE, , 315, 316, 316