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Pri, Procedures iin Logo, , , , mitives and, , LOGO stands for Language Of Graphic Oriented. Logo is a simple computer, language used to draw figures, type text and perform arithmetic calculations., , Just as we use a pencil to draw and write in our notebook, Logo uses a pen for drawing,, , This pen looks like a triangle and is called a turtle., , LOGO PRIMITIVES, , The commands that we give to the turtle are called LOGO primitives. In the previous, classes we have learnt about different primitives used to draw simple figures using, MSWLogo language. Here isa table showing some basic primitives in LOGO., , , , , | number of steps., , | Backward (BK) | It moves the turtle backwards through the given’, , | number of steps., , i, , Left Turn (LT) It ae the head of the turtle in the left, | direction, i.e., anticlockwise., , , , pee Satie fi, , Right Turn RT) | It turns the head of the turtle in the right, | | direction, i.e., clockwise., , , , L, , ee ea eit Helps to Gear thé graphics d to, iClear Screen (CS)| Ps to clear the graphics screen and to, { | return the turtle to home position., , , , Forward (FD) | It moves the turtle forward through the given, , , , Exan nple = |, , , , | Type : FD 100 |, , Type : BK 50 |, , Type : LT 90, , Type : RT 90, , —-—}— sited, | Type: CS, |, , Scanned with CamScanner
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ee, , , , , , Home ome tec inthe eee re tare back ois | Type: RT 48 |, ey centre of the screen. FD 40 |, baat urtie (HT) | It makes the turtle disappear from the screen. | ; Soros, | | RT 90, CT, me scurtte (ST) It makes the turtle reappear on the screen. Type : FD 30, | | RT 90, | | HT, ee ee | sT, Clear Text (CT) | It is used to clear the commands from the | Type FD 30 |, | Commander window. | RT 90, fo ; | CT, , PENUP (PU) Command, , Asthe turtle moves on the screen, it leaves behind a line. The turtle has a pen, which, enables it to draw while moving. We can also move the turtle without drawing any line., , PEN UP or PU is the command used to move the turtle to any part of the screen,, without drawing a line. It is useful when we want to leave some gap ina drawing., , , , Syntax: PEN UP < Enter > (eam Sen Gea, Or PU < Enter key >, , Example: FD 40, PU, FD 60, , PENDOWN (PD) Command, , n, we use PEN DOWN or PD, , Wi ., hen we want the turtle to start drawing once agai Wor, dtheturtle drawsas it moves., , co :, ™mand. This command puts the turtle’s pen downan, , S$, tax: PD <Enterkey >, , on, 73 =., — %\ >, computer SaerceS Nod, , Scanned with CamScanner
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ysinGTHE REPEAT COMMAND, REPEAT a ve the turtle, to repeat the given command acertain, of sme: For $s ates as, a Square, where the same command is repeated is 7, , resides the RI command can be useful. Let us understand this with the h her, she following commands. es, qodraw a square: To draw arectangle:, , nerEAT A [FD 100RT 90] REPEAT 2 [FD 100 RT 90 FD 200 RT 90], , ot heed { Ejreahag aoe r See., , Tie finey m Dem tee, , , , {jeune, player cal iate, , , , EAT command denote the number of times the, , Here, the number 4and 2 after the REP, nclosed within square, , command is repeated. The command to be repeated is €, brackets []., Making Polygons using the REP!, , Any closed figure with three or mo!, the sides are of equal length is calleda regular Pp’, , beused to draw regular polygons, The REPEAT command for a polyg, REPEAT n [FD (number of steps) RT3 60/n], The REPEAT command used to draw some commonly used polygons ar€ give, , TABLE : REPEAT Commands use ons, , EAT Command, , re sides is called a polygon. A polygon in which all, olygon. The REPEAT command can, , onwithn number of sides is written as follows:, , nin Table., , , , , d to draw some polyg', , , , , , , , , , , Cage ee gone we, te dito raw other polygons 9° ., , Simi ig, ilary, you can use the repeatcomman, , , , , ee OTE, , Scanned with CamScanner
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nl Soe, , Making a Circle, , Acircle is made up of tiny curved lines or arcs., , The command used to draw acircle is written as :, REPEAT 360 [FD 1 ae 1}, , he eer, | sm spree Se Lome ms, , |, bon, f, , , , Making Patterns, , You can use the REPEAT command in different ways to draw patterns., , To draw the pattern shown in fi igure, use the following command:, REPEAT 20 [REPEAT 360[FD1 RT 1]LT 20], , | ition f Gai, , , , , , ‘To draw the pattern shown in figure, use the following command:, , REPEAT 10 REREAD 5 [FD 50 RT 72] LT 300], , [Eid STS ay, * Berry et tree a, , | >, ASRS?, , Lo, , re., , C {r-—,., Computer Sisence-t “ad, , wwe ET OO PO oe en, - Scanned with CamScanner
