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a loads. Beams is used in build; ., , ft _ reailway stations p.7, Iniroductie” used 10 mo roof of factories, F memetong, bridges” hy, , , , le of withstanding load Primarily b Tes;, istin, , al Jon,, , 5.2.BeaS secant that 5 OPT ial of the beam as result of the xy, Beams § pce induced 1 ade is called a bending moment. Beams ,, , and their material., , wg, , , , 5., 7) *, Fig. 5.1, su, 5.4, Classification of Beams Based on Supports OR Truss on, , In engineering, beams are of. several types <, 1. Simply supported beam or truss : A beam supported on the ends which are free tor, zad have no moment resistance, called simply supported beam or truss. Oty, , ao, Tk, , Fig. 5.2 (a), , 2. Cantilever beam or truss : A projecting beam or truss fix, , x ed only at one end and other ends} 5.4, , Z acti, pro’, , qn oe vert, Free énd qu, , Fig. $.2 (b) doo

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iy or truss : A by 83, beam am or try:, ¢ 3 fixed at both ends. *$ Suporte:, , Ted, fixed on both ends ang Testrained from rotation,, , , , Fig 5.2 (4) i =, , Fig. 5, 5 Continuous beam or truss a), , : A bea :, beam or truss. ™ extending over more than two supports known as, «ous, oti, , Fig. 52 (f), 4, Types of Support for Beams ang Trusses, , Three types of supports of beams and truss., 41. Roller Supports, Roller supports are free to rotate and translate al, , face may be horizontal, vertical or stopped at ay, eend of long bridges in the form of bearing pads., , Ong the surface upon which the rolls rests the, angle. Roller supports are commonly located at, , ' Beam, , 1 é, Mim ~~ Roller, , , , Reaction, , (a) (6), Fig. 5.3 (a), (b), , .2, Hinged or Pin Support, The hinged support is capable of resisting forces, ng in any direction of the plane. This support does not Hinge, vide any resistance to rotation. The horizontal and or pin, ical component of reaction can be determined using x : A, ation of equilibrium. This type of support is used in (a), , Ts to produce only rotation in doors. Hinged support Fig. 5.4, Ices sensitivity to earthquake.

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ware rigidly fixed into the wall, fj, , , , t, rr ands of # BERT, , r e nent., ort. vel as OM, ised SUP ces a8 We *, , Fig 5-4 (0), , loads pe endicular to the axis of beam, There ati, rp 0 a:, i, , 7 to le, subjec fe e given below. ied to bi ., A load, which is assumed’ 10 De Acting at single, , d fe, j) Point load oF concent Joad. See figureed point or concen 2kN, , Rf, ey, , Poin, , kN ‘, , , , (a), Fig. 5.5 (a), , ‘uted load : A uniformly distributed load ;, : niformly distribute « ‘s, , : an ie length of beam. Unit of U.D.L. is kN/m, N/m or tonnes/m,, uniformly W=20 kN/m, , w= 20kN/m, a to) ©), , Fig. 5.5, , distrib, el, , , , (iii) Uniformly varying load : A uniformly varying load, varies uniformly along the length of beam as we see in figure at, left to right load increases at uniform rate., , 5.6. Classification of Trusses or Frame (a) =, The different types of trusses or frames are : Fig. 55, (i) Perfect or determinate frame : The frame which is, , col vhi ji i, : een ‘such members, which are just sufficient to keep the frame in equilibrium, when the frame, 'S Supporting an external load, is known as perfect or determinate trusses or frame., , Let, el J = number of joint in frame, M =number of memb, big ers of force, perfect or determinate frame Satisfied the following conditions :

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‘ M=9, Therefore frame is perfect or determinate frame o m, T trusses., , ii erfect or inde ji, aa Sank oe opie trusses or frame : A frame in which, 0 =2J-3; . in wi, Ce et number of numbers in y M=2J—3 is known as imperfect muy of members and, means an imperfect frame will be either snes oe frame, This, or less than (2 J —3)., , (a) If the number of members in a fram, frame. © are less than 2 J ~3 then the frame is known as deficient, , (b) If the number of members in a fram, redundant frame. © are more than (2J —3), then the frame is known as, , M=8, W, w., 2 W,, , , , , , , , , , , , by, ° nt ) &, Fig. 5.7 (b), , J=6, ape M=2J-3, I 8=2x6-3, ' 8 <9 (Deficient frame), ! M =10, J=6, M=2J-3 = 10=2x6-3, 10 >9 (Redundant frame)., , from