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SURFACE MINING

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MINING METHODS, There are mainly two method for, extraction of minerals which are as, follows ., 1.Underground Mining, 2.Surface Mining

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FACTORS INFLUENCING CHOICE OF MINING, METHODS, • Depth of the deposit, • Shape of the deposit, • Thickness of the deposit, • Gradient of the deposit, • Availability of machineries, • Economic value of minerals, • Characteristics of roof and floor, Photo from www.google.com

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SURFACE MINING, •, , Surface mining is done by removing (stripping) surface vegetation,, dirt, and, if necessary, layers of bedrock in order to reach buried ore, deposits (or) surface mining is the process of extraction of minerals, by removal of overburden ., , •, , Overburden is the rock or waste material which is lying on the, mineral to be owned ., , •, , Surface mining is also know as , Open pit, Open cast and Strip, Mining., , •, , Sump should be located at the bottom of the Mine ., , •, , Height and width of the bench ., , •, , Drilling and blasting .

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SURFACE MINING

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METHOD OF SURFACE MINING INCLUDES, •, , Open-pit mining: Which is the recovery of materials from an open pit, in the ground ., , •, , Quarrying: Identical to open-pit mining except that it refers to sand,, stone and clay., , •, , Strip mining :Which consists of stripping surface layers off to reveal, ore/seams underneath ., , •, , Mountaintop removal: Commonly associated with coal mining, which, involves taking the top of a mountain off to reach ore deposits at, depth.

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DIFFERENT TYPE OF MACHINERY AND, TRANSPORT SYSTEM USED IN SURFACE, MINES, • Drill Machine, • Shovel + Dumper, • Dragline, • Surface Miner, • Bucket Wheel Excavator, • In-pit Crusher + Spreader, • Belt Conveyors System, • Rail Transport System, • Tracks

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SHOVEL + DUMPER

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SURFACE MINER

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BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATOR

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BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATOR, , Photo from www.google.com

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ADVANTAGES OF SURFACE MINING, •, , Like Underground Mining no minerals are blocked as shaft pillars ,, supports , roadways etc., , • Roof control and ventilation is not required ., • Low cost as compared to Underground Mining ., • Low labor requirement than Underground Mining., • Hazards and dangers are lesser than Underground Mining ., • Quality control is easy ., • Female labors can work in Surface Mining., • High degree of mechanization is possible ., • High explosives can be used .

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LIMITATION OF SURFACE MINING, •, , This method can be uneconomic for extracting the minerals at a, depth of more than 300 m ., , •, •, •, •, •, , There maybe huge environmental problems ., Weather affects ., Limited by striping ratio., Require a remote area for mine waste deposal ., Degradation of surface land .

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REFERENCES, •, , Surface Mining Technology (second enlarge edition), by: Samir Kumar Das, , •, , Elements of Mining Technology (Vol. 1&3), By: D.J.Deshmukh, , •, , Principles and Practices of Modern Coal Mining, By: R.D.Singh, , •, •, , Photos from www.Google.com, Some information has been taken from www.Wikipedia.org