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TOURISM ADMINISTRATION, AND MANAGEMENT, UNIT - I, MR. L. JENIFAR., ADMINISTRATIVE DIRECTOR, MITS

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TOURIST, Is a temporary visitor staying for a period of at least 24, hours in the country visited and the purpose of whose, journey can be classified under one of the following, heads:, a) Leisure (recreation, holiday, health, study, religion, and sport), b) b) Business, family, mission, meeting.

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UNWTO, As per the WTO’s definition following persons are to be, regarded as tourists:, i) Persons travelling for pleasure, for domestic, reasons, for health etc., ii) Persons travelling for meetings or in representative, capacity of any kind (scientific, administrative,, religious etc.), iii) Persons travelling for business purposes., iv) Persons arriving in the course of sea cruises, even, when they stay for less than 24 hours (in respect of, this category of persons the condition of usual place of, residence is waived off.

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2. EXCURSIONIST—is a temporary, visitor staying for a period of less than, 24hours in the country visited. (Including, travellers on the cruises)., 3.TRAVELER or TRAVELLER commonly refers to one who travels,, especially to distant lands.

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Visitor, As per WTO is that it does not talk about the, Visits made within the country.,  For these purposes a distinction is drawn, between a Domestic and an International Visitor.,  Domestic Visitor-A person who travels within, the country he is residing in, outside the place of, his usual environment for a period not exceeding, 12 months.,  International Visitor –A person who travels to, a country other than the one in which he has his, usual residence for a period not exceeding 12, months., 

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TOURISM, RECREATION AND LEISURE, INTER-RELATIONSHIPS

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Components of tourism, , , 5As, ◦, ◦, ◦, ◦, ◦, , Attraction, Accessibility, Accommodation, Amenities, Activities

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Elements of tourism, , , 1. Pleasing weather, 2. Scenic attractions, 3. Historical and cultural factors., 4. Accessibility, 5. Amenities, 6. Accommodation, 7. safety and security, 8. Other factors, Guide/ escort facilities., Basic medical facilities., Electricity, Water, Communication system.

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TYPES OF TOURISM, Adventure and extreme, Adventure tourism, Extreme tourism, Space tourism,  Culture and the arts, Bookstore tourism, Cultural tourism, Heritage tourism, Literary, tourism, Music tourism, Pop-culture tourism,Tolkien tourism,  Extralegal, Child sex tourism, Drug tourism, Female sex tourism. Sex tourism,, Suicide tourism,  Food and drink, Culinary tourism, Wine tourism,  Historical, Archaeological tourism, Atomic tourism, Genealogy tourism,, Militarism heritage tourism, Shark tourism, Water tourism,  Low-impact, Ecotourism, Geotourism, Responsible Tourism, Sustainable tourism, 

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TYPES OF TOURISM, Medical and dental, Dental tourism, Fertility tourism, Medical tourism,  Miscellaneous, Accessible tourism, Garden tourism, LGBT tourism, Sports tourism,  Nature and rural, Agritourism, Jungle tourism, Rural tourism,Village tourism, Wildlife, tourism,  Religious, Christian tourism, Halal tourism, Religious tourism,  Voyeuristic, Dark tourism, Disaster tourism, Ghetto tourism, Jihadi tourism,, Poverty tourism, Township tourism,War tourism,  Water-related, Nautical tourism, 

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CLASSIFYING TOURISTS, , , By Product, , ◦ Mass Tourism: Package tour, ◦ Alternative Tourism: Ecotourism, , By nature of the activity, , ◦ Active: Adventure tourism, Ecotourism,, Golf, ◦ Passive: Sightseeing, Beach, Cruise, , , , Location preference, , ◦ Coastal, Rural, City, Mountains, Lakes, , , , Duration of trip, , ◦ Day trip, weekend trip, annual holiday

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Tourist Typologies, , , Dalen (1989), ◦, ◦, ◦, ◦, , , , Traditional Materialists, Traditional Idealists, Modern Materialists, Modern Idealists, , American Express (1989), ◦, ◦, ◦, ◦, ◦, , Adventurers, Worries, Dreamers, Economizers, Indulgers

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Tourist Typologies, , , Valene Smith, ◦, ◦, ◦, ◦, ◦, ◦, , , , Explorers, Elite Tourists, Offbeat tourists, Unusual tourists, Incipient mass tourists, Mass Tourists, , Perreault &Dorden (1979), ◦, ◦, ◦, ◦, ◦, , Budget tourists, Adventure tourists, Homebody tourists, Vacationer, Moderates

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Tourist Typologies, , , Cohen (1972), ◦, ◦, ◦, ◦, ◦, , , , Recreational tourists, Diversionary tourists, Experimental tourists, Experiential tourists, Existential tourists, , Gray (1970), , ◦ Wanderlust, ◦ Sunlust, , , , Plog (1977), , ◦ Psychocentric, ◦ Allocentric

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Tourist Typologies, , , Peters Inventory of Tourist attractions, ◦, ◦, ◦, ◦, ◦, , , , Cultural attractions, Traditional attractions, Scenic attractions, Entertainment attractions, Other attractions, , Iso Ahola, , ◦ Push-Pull Factors, , , , Cooper Tourism Demand, ◦ Life Cycle Factors, ◦ Life style Factors

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Tourism Theories, Leiper’s Tourism System Model (1990), Stanley plog’s model of Destination, preferences,  Stanley Plog’s psychographics model, (1967),  Butler’s Tourism Area Life Cycle, (TALC - 1980),  Doxey’s Irritation Index (Irridex 1975),  Matheison and Wall Travel – Buying, Behavior Model (1982), , 

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Tourism System, , , Leiper’s model, which was suggested, in 1979 and adapted in 1990

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Leiper’s Model, Elements,  Tourist,  External,  Geographical - 3

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Tourist / Human Element, Range of Businesses and Organizations, involved in delivering tourism Products.,  Tourist Behavior,  Motivations,  Experiences, 

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External, PESTEL,  P – Political,  E – Environmental,  S- Socio – Cultural,  T- Technical,  E – Economical,  L- Legal, 

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TGR ( Anticipation, Perception,, Information, Choice, Recollection,, Internet) – Push Factors, , , , , , , , , , Relaxation, Desire For escape, Health & Medical, Gaining Knowledge, Employment, Education, Social Interactions, Religious Obligations & Spiritual Gains

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TDR – ( Length of Stay, Activities) –, Pull Factors, Landscapes,  Events & Activities,  Marketing Efforts,  Food & Cuisines,  History & Culture,  Environment,  Destination Image,  Cultural Resources,  Amenities, 

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TRR – ( Stop over, Shop,, Sightseeing), Paths Linking TGR & TDR along with, Tourists Travel,  They Include stop over points which, might be used for convenience or because, of the existence of attractions.,  Long -haul Journey – a temporary, stoppage is called a transit route., 

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Crompton’s push and pull theory, (1979), Push factors (7),  Escape,  Self Exploration,  Relaxation,  Prestige,  Regression,  Kinship – enhancement,,  Social interaction

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Pull factors, Novelty,  Education, 

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Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory (1954), Abraham Harold Maslow ( 1st April, 1908, to 8th June 1970),  Name of the book – Motivation and, Personality (1954),  Name of the paper – A theory of Human, Motivation ( 1943), 

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Butler’s Tourism Area Life, Cycle (TALC - 1980)