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KINGDOM-PLANTAE, * They are autotrophic but some are heterotrophic [parasites or insectivorous], * bladderwort and venus fly trap are examples for insectivorous plants, * — cuscuta is a parasite, , , , D HEN hes ms are n n five kin ncla, they living entities only inside the cell, but they are non living form outside the cells, body composed of protein coat and genetic material, protein coat is called capsid; the unit of capsid is capsomeres, name virus was given by Pasteur. Term means venom cr poisonous fluid, genetic material are either DNA or RNA, Mumps, small pox, herpes, influenza, AIDS are some virus cause diseases, the symptoms shown by plants by virus attack ave mosaic formation, leaf rolling and curling,, yellowing, dwarfing, and stunted growth., , , , , , vVvvvvvvé, , Head, , , , , —— Coltar, Sheath, , RNA Capsia, @, Fig: Tobacco mosaic virus and Bacteriophage, , VIROID, * smaller than virus, no protein coat, only RNA is found, * discovered by T.O Diener, * potato spindle tuber is by viroides, , LICHEN‘, * are symbiotic association between algae and fungi, * algal component is called phycobiont, * fungal component is called mycobiont, * alga prepare food for fungi while fungi give shelter and absorb minerals and water for alga., * lichens are pollution indicators because they do not grow in polluted areas.