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43, , On 19 March 2003, the US launched its invasion of Iraq under the, codename ‘Operation Iraqi Freedom’., More than forty other countries joined in the US, US-led ‘coalition of, the willing’ after the UN refused to give its mandate to the, invasion.

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Afghanistan / US War, 44, , Soviet Afghan friendship treaty of 1978., in Mascow., , Brezhnev meet with Nur muhammed Taraki, , It is also known USA invasion Afghanistan in 2001., 9/11 AND THE ‘GLOBAL WAR ON TERROR’ :-- 11/SEP/2001,  On 11 September 2001,, nineteen hijackers hailing from a number of, Arab countries took control of four American commercial aircraft, shortly after takeoff and flew them into important buildings in the US.,  One airliner each crashed into the North and South Towers of the, World Trade Centre in New York.,  A third aircraft crashed into the Pentagon building in Arlington,, Virginia,, , Where the US Defence Department is headquartered.,  The fourth aircraft, presumably bound for the Capitol building of the, US Congress, came down in a field in Pennsylvania., , The attacks have come to be known as “9/11”., 1., 2., 3., 4., , The attacks killed nearly three thousand persons., In terms of their shocking effect on Americans,, They have been compared to tthe 1814 and 1941., This in terms of loss of life, 9/11 was the mostsevere attack on US soil.

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45, , The US response to 9/11 was swift and ferocious., Clinton had been succeeded in the US presidency by George W. Bush of the Republican Party,, Son of the earlier President George H. W. Bush., Unlike Clinton, Bush had a much harder view of US interests and of the means by which to, advance them., As a part of its ‘Global War on Terror’, Terror’, the US launched ‘Operation Enduring Freedom’, against all those suspected to be behind this attack, mainly Al-Qaeda and the Taliban regime in, Afghanistan., , The US forces made arrests all over the world,,  Often without the knowledge of the governmen, government of the persons being arrested,,  Transported these persons across countries and detained them in secret prisons.,  Some of them were brought to Guantanamo Bay, Bay, a US Naval base in Cuba,,  Where the prisoners did not enjoy the protection of international law or the law of their own country, or that of the US., Even the UN representatives were not allowed to meet these prisoners.

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Gulf War, 46