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=o oe ——< 807,, * The reduction of leaf surface is usually accompanied by well developed AN, , heavy cutinisation and sunken stomata. a, (ii) Trichophylly/Dense hair:, + Many xerophytic plants show presence of matted covering of epidermal hair g, serial par or on the lower side ofthe leaves. ae, + The thick matting prevents water loss by rapid evaporation through «, This contonisafadtchophyly a the plants ar called cholo, (iv) Epidermis and thick cuticle:, ‘The epidermal cells are usually radially elongated, thick walled and highly cus,, Occasionally, the epidermis is multilayered as in the leaves of Nerium and Ficys, Heavy cuticularization and cutinisation of epidermis and sub-epidermal ces,, common in xerophytic plants., , + In leaflets of Cycas, even palisade cells become lignified. The cuticle is thick ang, thickness varies according to diversity of the habitat, €,, in extreme dry habitat, cuca, is as thick as the diameter of epidermal cells. Sometimes, in addition to thick cut, there is a covering of wax on the epidermis, e.g., Calotropis, Riccinus., , () Stomata:, , + The leaves are generally hypostomatic (stomata confined to lower epidermis) a spec, type of stomata called sunken stomata, These type of stomata are present in a depressiog, and covered with hairs e.g., Pinus, Agave, Nerium, Capparis, etc., , (vi) Presence of Hypodermis:, , + Inmany xerophytes, single to multilayered hypodermis is present which may be cutinized, or lignified, e.g,, in Calotropis, a thick hypodermis is developed internal to leaf epidermi, , (vii) Presence of Sclerenchyma :, , + The xerophytes leaves bear abundant sclerenchyma in the form of groups or sl, which not only check excessive transpiration but also give mechanical support, eg, Baskia., , (viii) Abundance of palisade parenchyma:, * In the xerophytie stems and leaves, the palisade tissue is abundant (many layered) a, compactly arranged, e.g,, Nerium, Casuarina, Agave etc,, , (ix) Laticiferous tissue:, , , , , "enti, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ions have Cy pathway of photosynthesis due t0, | achieve higher rate of photosynthesis, Succulents, [Metabolism (CAM). These plan i