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BIOTECHNOLOGY PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES, Futher Information, IV/35, ...., Dolly, aged six, was put to sleep on February 14, 2003 by verterinarians after they failed to cure her of severe, lung infection. Dolly's death suggests that clones may age prematurely because their DNA source is older. This, suggests futility of human cloning efforts. Human cloning is being opposed all over the world., Cloning of Cattle. Japanese scientists have produced eight clonal calves from one zygote. A cow was mated, with a bull. A fertilized egg developed in her womb, producing 8-celled embryo. The embryo was carefully, removed from the womb and kept in a nutrient medium. The 8 blastomeres were separated with the help of an, yme. Each blastomer was later skillfully implanted into the womb of a separate surrogate cow (Fig. 11.17)., blastomere, being still totipotent, developed into a normal calf. The surrogate cows must be hormonically, accept the cell and make it develop further., ne of Asian Gaur. Massachusetts (USA) scientists have recently cloned an endangered species, the Asian, gaur (Bos gaurus), a humped, horned mammal native to India and Myanmar. It was cloned from a single skin, cell taken from a dead gaur. The skin cell was fused with a cow's egg whose genes had been removed. The fused, cell was transferred to the womb of another cow. The gaur calf (named Noah) was due to be born in November,, 2000., FIGURE 11.17, FIGURE 11.16, Mother Cow with 8-celled Embryo, Implanted in, surrogate, mothers, Blastomeres, isolated, in nutrient, medium, elop, nilar, rst cloned cat called "CC" born in, 02, seen with her surrogate mother, It has been produced under a, amme aimed at enabling people to, one their beloved pets at Texas A and M, University in College Station. "CC" means, calico cat, i.e., variegated (3-coloured) cat, Calf, Calf, Calf, Calf, Calf, of a, /was, Calf, Calf, Calf, Cloning of cattle, then, with, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, vage, toad, I., (00 TH E), Multiple Choice Questions, s. The, 1. Who discovered recombinant DNA (rDNA), technology ?, 25 (a) Har Gobind Khorana (b) James D. Watson, ad had, (e) Williams Bateson and Hugo de Vries, s fint, eleated, ch was, called, (c) Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer, (d) Walter Sutton and Avery, 2. Find out the wrong statement, (Kerala PMT 2007), (a) Mobile genetic elements, transposons were, visualized by Barbara Mc Clintock., 1. (c), ANSWERS, st with
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18. An antibiotic resistance gene in a vector usually, 11. The construction of the first recombinant DNA, sequence using thermostable DNA polymerase, (d) Is used for in vitro replication of specific DNA, (XII), Pradeep's ATEXT BOOK OF BIOLOGY, (a) Is used for in vivo replication of DNA, (b) Is used for in vivo synthesis of mRNA, (c) Is used for in vitro synthesis of mRNA, IV/36, (b) Udder cell, a somatic cell is used to produce, the cloned sheep by nuclear transplantation, method., (c) In pedigree analysis, a person immediately, affected by an action is called propositus., (d) Dr lan Wilmut produced a cloned sheep called, Dolly., (Odisha JEE 2008), fa, (e) DNA ligases are used to cleave a DNA molecule., was done by using the native plasmid of, (a) E. coli, (b) Salmonella typhimurium, (c) B. thuringiensis, (e) Agrobacterium, 12. The linking of antibiotic resistance gene with the, plasmid vector became possible with, (a) DNA polymerase, (c) DNA ligase, (Kerala PMT 2007), (d) Yeast, (Kerala PMT 2008), 3. Plasmids are, (b) mitochondrial DNA, (a) CDNA, (c) Circular extrachromosomal DNA in bacteria, (d) Viral RNA, (VITEEE Vellore, 2007), 4. Which conserved motifs are found in E. coli, genes ?, (a) TATA box, (b) CAAT box, (d) All of these, (b) Exonuclease, (d) Enonucleases, (AIPMT 2008), (c) Pribnow box, 13. Gel electrophoresis is used for, (a) Construcțion of recombinant DNA by joining, with cloning vectors, (DPMT 2007), 5. A technique which involves deliberate, manipulation of genes within or between species, is called, (b) Isolation of DNA molecules, (a) Gene therapy, (c) Tissue culture, (b) Hybridoma technology, (d) Genetic engineering, (c) Cutting of DNA into fragments, (d) Separation of DNA fragments according to their, size, (Jammu and Kashmir PMT 2007), (AIPMT 2008), 6. One of the key factors, which makes the plasmid, the vector in genetic engineering is that, (a) It is resistant to antibiotics., (b) It is resistant to restriction enzymes., (c) Its ability to carry a foreign gene., (d) Its ability to cause infection in the host., 14. Cry 1 endotoxins obtained from Bacillus, thuringiensis are effective against, (a) Nematodes, (b) Boll worms, (c) Mosquitoes, (d) Flies, (AIPMT 2008), 15. Molecular scissors which cut DNA at specific site, is, (Jammu and Kashmir PMT 2007), 7. Which of the following is used as a best genetic, vector in plants ?, (a) Bacillus thuriengenesis, (b) Agrobacterium tumifaciens, (c) Pseudomonas putida, (a) Pectinase, (b) Polymerase, (c) Restriction endonuclease, (d) Ligase, 16. Function of restriction enzyme is to, (a) Cut the DNA at specific site, (b) Join the cut ends, (WB JEE 2009), (d) All of these, 8. Which one among the following is just a cloning, plasmid not an expression plasmid ?, (a) PBAD-18-Cam, (c) pUC 18, (MP PMT 2007), (c) Cut DNA at the ends, (d) Cut RNA at specific sites (Odisha JEE 200, 17. Polyethylene glycol method is used for, (a) Biodiesel production, (b) Seedless fruit production, (c) Energy production from sewage, (d) Gene transfer without a vector, (b) pB CSK, (d) pET, (WB JEE 2008), 9. In plant biotechnology, root tumours are induced, in plant using the bacterium, (a) Agrobacterium rhizogenes, (b) Agrobacterium basilis, (c) Rhizobium, 2 (d) None of these, 10. The polymerase chain reaction is a technique, (CBSE PMT 2009), a, helps in the selection of :, (a) Competent cells, (c) Recombinant cells (d) None of the above, 25, (Odisha JEE 2008), (b) Transformed cells, that, ANSWERS, (NCERT Exemplar), 2. (e), 11. (b), 3. (c), 12. (c), 4. (c), 13. (d), 5. (d), 14. (b), 6. (c), 15. (c), 7. (b), 16. (а), 8. (c), 17. (d), 9. (a) 10. (d), 18. (b)
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BIOTECHNOLOGY PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES, 19. Significance of 'heat shock' method in bacterial, (c) Uptake of DNA through transient pores in the, Prize for the development of PCR technique ?, 25. Who among the following was awarded the Nobel, DNA, of mRNA, of mRNA, of specific D, IV/37, transformation is to facilitate :, (a) Binding of DNA to the cell wall, Uptake of DNA through membrane transport, (c) Kary Mullis, (d) Arthur Konberg, (NCERT Exemplar), 26. Which of the following statements does not hold, true for restriction enzyme ?, (a) It recognises a palindromic nucleotide sequence, (b) It is an endonuclease, (c) It is isolated from viruses, (d) It produces the same kind of sticky ends in diff-, erent DNA molecules (NCERT Exemplar), 27. Restriction endomuclease are enzymes which, aisha JEE 20, ecombinant DN, proteins, lasmid of, bacterial cell wall, (d) Expression of antibiotic resistance gene, (NCERT Exemplar), it, 20. The role of DNA ligase in the construction of a, recombinant DNA molecule is :, (a) Formation of phosphodiester bond between two, DNA fragments, (b) Formation of hydrogen bonds between sticky, ends of DNA fragments, (c) Ligation of all purine and pyrimidine bases, (d) None of the above, 21. Which of the following bacteria is not a source, of restriction endonuclease ?, erala PMT 200, ince gene with the, le with, (a) remove nucleotides from the ends of DNA, molecule., (b) make cuts at specific positions within the DNA, molecule., nuclease, nucleases, (c) recognise a specific nucleotide sequence for, binding of DNA ligase., (d) restrict the action of enzyme DNA polymerase., (AIPMT 2006, t DNA by joining, (AIPMT 2010), (a) Наеторhilus influenzae, (b) Escherichia coli, (c) Agrobacterium tumefaciens, (d) Bacillius amyloli, 22. Which of the following steps are catalysed by, Taq polymerase in a PCR reaction ?, (a) Denaturation of template DNA, 28. Which one of the following pallindromic base, sequences in DNA can be easily cut at about the, middle by some particular restriction enzyme., (a) 5' CACGTA 3' ; 3' CTCAGT 5', (b) 5' CGTTCG 3'; 3' ATGGTA 5', (c) 5' GATATC 3': 3' СТАСТА 5', (d) 5' GAATTC 3'; 3' CTTAAG 5' (AIPMT 2010), 29. During transcription in eukaryotic cell the RNA, splicing and RNA capping takes place inside the, ((a) Nucleus, nts, s according to thei, (AIPMT 2008, d from Bacillu, inst, (NCERT Exemplar), (b) Annealing of primers to template DNA, (c) Extension of primer end on the template DNA, (d)All of the above, 23. A bacterial cell was transformed with a recombi-, nant DNA that was generated using a human, gene. However, the transformed cells did not, produce the desired protein. Reasons could be :, (a) Human gene may have intron which bacteria, can not process, (b) Amino acid codons for humans and bacteria are, different, I worms, (b) Ribosomes, (d) ER, (AIPMT Mains 2010), (NCERT Exemplar), (c) Dictyosomes, (AIPMT 2000, ONA at specific sle, 30. Which of the following are used in gene cloning ?, (a) Nucleoids, (c) Mesosomes, (b) Lomasomes, (d) Plasmids, (AIPMT Mains 2010), ymerase, (WB JEE 2009, e is to, 31. DNA gyrase, the enzyme that participates in the, process of DNA replication, is a type of, (a) DNA ligase, (c) DNA topiosomerase (d) Reverse transcriptase, (b) DNA polymerase, (C) Human protein is formed but degraded by bacteria, (d) All of the above, te, Odisha JEE 2009, s used for, DNA at the ends, (Каrnataka CЕТ 2010), (NCERT Exemplar), 24. Which of the following should be chosen for best, yield if one were to produce a recombinant, protein in large amounts ?, (a) Laboratory flask of largest capacity, (0) A stirred-tank bioreactor without in-lets and out-, lets, 32. Restriction anzymes, (a) restrict elongation of DNA, (b) cut DNA at specific locations, AK (c) link tagether two pieces of DNA er, al (d) restrict DNA replication, (DUMET 2010), wage, ctor, (CBSE PMT 200, in a vector usual, 33. A mixture DNA fragments A, B, C and D, with, molecular weights of A + B = C > B and D> C, was subjected to agarose get electrophoresis. The, position of these fragments from cathode to, anode sides of the gel would be, (a) B, A, C, D, (c) A continuous culture system, (d) Any of the above, (NCERT Exemplar), (a) Herbert Boyer, (b) Hargovind Khurana, (b) A, B, C, D, ransformed cells, ANSWERS, 25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (b), 19. (c) 20. (a), 28. (d) 29. (d), 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (c), 31. (d) 32. (b), one of the above, 21. (c), NCERT Exempla, 30. (c), 10. (4), (a), (b)
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(a) It is used to ligate introduced DNA in recipient o, 41. Which one is a true statement regarding DN, 40. There is a restriction endonuclease called Eo, (d) pallindromic sequence of base pains, (c) C, B, A, D, (d) B, A, D, C, (DUMET 2010), (AIPMT, 34. What will be the correct gene expression, What does 'co' part in it stand for ?, pathway ?, (a) gene MRNA-transcription translation -, protein, (b) transcription-gene-translation mRNA-, protein, (c) gene -, protein, (d) gene - translation - mRNA-transcription-→, protein, (a) colon, (b) coelom, (d) coli (AIPMT, (c) coenzyme, polymerase used in PCR, transcription-mRNA-translation-, (b) It serves, a selectable marker, (c) It is isolated from a virus, (d) It remains active at high temperature, (DUMET 2010), 35. Enzyme that cleaves nucleic acids within the, polynucleotide chain is known as, (a) endonuclease, (c) arysulfatase, (AIPMT Prelim. 2012, 42. Which one of the following is a case of, matching ?, (a) Somatic hybridization- Fusion of two diver, (b) exonuclease, (d) phosphotriesterase, (DUMET 2010), cells, 36. Agarose extracted from sea weeds is used in, (a) spectrophotometry (b) tissue culture, (b) Vector DNA-Site for t-RNA synthesis, (c) Micropropagation-In vitro production of plan, in large numbers, (d) Callus- Unorganised mass of cell produced a, (c) PCR, (d) gel electrophoresis, (AIPMT 2011), 37. Which one of the following techniques made it, possible to genetically engineer living organisms ?, (a) recombinant DNA technique, (b) X-ray diffraction, (c) heavier isotope labelling, (d) hybridization, 38. Read the following four statements (A-D) about, certain mistakes in two of them :, tissue culture, (AIPMT Prelim. 2012, 43. A single strand of nucleic acid tagged with, radioactive molecule is called:, (b) Selectable marker, (d) Probe, (a) Vector, (AIPMT Mains 2011), (c) Plasmid, (AIPMT Prelim. 2012, 44. For transformation, micro-particles coated, DNA to be bombarded with gene gun are, up of :, (a) Silver or Platinum (b) Platinum or Zine, (c) Silicon or Platinum (d) Gold or Tungsten, (A) The first transgenic buffalo, Rosie produced, milk which was human alpha-lactalbumin enriched, (B) Restriction enzymes are used in isolation of, (01 DNA from other macromolecules, s (C) Downstream processing is one of the steps of, FDNA technology, (D) Disarmed pathogen vectors are also used in, transfer of rDNA into the host, (AIPMT Prelim. 2012, Which of the two statements have mistakes ?, identifies its certain component (5), (a) B and C, (b) C and D, Cla I,, Hind III, (c) A and C, (d) A and B, EcoR I, Pvu I., BamH!, (AIPMT Mains 2011), 39. Given below is a sample of a portion of DNA, strand giving the base sequence on the opposite, strands. What is so special shown in it ?, 5'. .GAATTC.. .3', 3'.. .CTTAAG..., (a) replication completed, (b) deletion mutation, (c) start codon at the 5' end, ANSWERS, Pst I, ampR, tetR, Sall, PBR322, ori, гор, Pvu II, 33. (а), 42. (b), 34. (c), 35. (a), 44. (d), 36. (d), 40. (d) 41. (), 37. (a) 38. (d), 39. (d), 43. (d)
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(a) ori-original restriction enzyme, (d) non-recombinant bacteria containing beta-, (d) amp, tetR-antibiotic resistance genes, 52. DNA fragments generated by the restriction, endonucleases in a chemical reaction can be, BIOTECHNOLOGY PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES, MT 2011), lled EcoRL, IV/39, (b) rop-reduced osmotic pressure, Hind III, EcoRI-selectable markers, (c) restriction mapping, (d) centrifugation, 53. Which vector can clone only a small fragment, of DNA ?, (NEET 2013), (AIPMT Prelim. 2012), MT 2011, rding DNA, 16. Biolistics (gene-gun) is suitable for, (a) disarming pathogen vectors, (6) transformation of plant cells, () constructing recombinant DNA by joining with, (a) Bacterial artificial chromosome, (b) Yeast artificial chromosome, mi(c) Plasmid, (d) Cosmid, 54. The cutting of DNA at specific locations became, possible with the discovery of:, (a) Ligases, ecipient cal, (AIPMT 2014), vectors, (d) DNA fingerprinting., 41. In genetic engineering, the antibiotics are used, (a) as selectable markers, (b) to select healthy vectors, (c) as sequences from where replication starts, (d) to keep the cultures free of infection., (AIPMT Mains 2012), (b) Restriction enzymes, re, (c) Probes, (d) Selectable markers, elim. 2012, РМТ 2015), e of wrong, 55. The DNA molecules to which the gene of interest, is integrated for cloning is called:, (a) Carrier, (c) Vector, two diverg, (b) Transformer, (AIPMT Mains 2012), (d) Template, 48. Restriction enzyme Eco RI cuts the DNA between, bases G and A only when the sequence in DNA, is, (a) GATATC, (c) GATTCC, (AIPMT 2015), sis, ion of plan, 56. Biolistic (gene gun) is suitable for, (a) disarming pathogen vectors, (b) transformation of plant cell, (c) constructing recombinant DNA by joining with, (b) GAATTC, produced in, elim. 2012, (d) GAACTT., (AMU 2012), vectors, 49. Cohen and Boyer isolated an antibiotic, resistance gene, by cutting out a piece of DNA, from a plasmid which was responsible for, conferring antibiotic resistance, in the year, (a) 1962, (c) 1972, 50. The restriction enzyme(s) used in recombinant, DNA technology that make staggered cuts in, DNA leaving sticky ends is/are, (a) Eco RI, (c) Bam HI, (d) DNA fingerprinting, 57. Which of the following is not a feature of the, plasmids ?, (a) Circular structure (b) Transferable, ged with a, (AIIMS 2015), marker, (d) Independent replication, (NEET 2016), (b) 1965, (c) Single-stranded, relim. 2012, (d) 1982, (AMU 2012), 58. Which of the following is a restriction, endonuclease ?, coated with, n are made, (a) Protease, (c) RNase I, 59. Stirred-tank bioreactors have been designed for, (a) purification of product, (b) addition of preservatives to the product, (c) availability of oxygen throughout the process, (d) ensuring anaerobic conditions in the culture, vessel, (b) DNase I, (d) Hind II (NEET 2016), (b) Hind III, (d) all of these., or Zinc, ungsten, (AMU 2012), 51. The colonies of recombinant bacteria appear, white in contrast to blue colonies of non-, recombinant bacteria because of, (a) insertional inactivation of alpha-galactosidase, in non-recombinant bacteria., (6) insertional inactivation of alpha-galactosidase, in recombinant bacteria., (c) inactivation of glycosidase enzyme in, recombinant bacteria., relim. 2012, grammatic, or pBR 322, is correctly, (NEET 2016), 60. A foreign DNA and plasmid cut by the same, restriction endonuclease can be joined to form, a recombinant plasmid using, (b) Taq polymerase, (d) Ligase (NEET 2016), (a) Eco RI, (c) Polymerase III, 61. Which of the following is not a component of, downstream processing ?, (a) Separation, (c) Preservation, BamHI, galactosidase, (NEET 2013), (b) Purification, (d) Expression, SalI, separated by, ta) polymerase chain reaction, (b) electrophoresis, (NEET 2016), 62. Which of the following restriction enzymes, produces blunt ends ?, ANSWERS, 45. (d), 54. (b), 46. (b) 47. (а), 55. (c) 56. (b), 48. (b) 49. (c), 57. (c) 58. (d), 50. (d) 51. (b) 52. (b) 53. (c), 59. (c) 60. (d), 61. (d), 41. (d)
