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MALAPPURAM DISTRICT PANCHAYATH, EDUCATIONAL PROJECT, , Focus 21' English, Plus one, Study Material for Higher Secondary, Plus One Examination 2021, , ACADEMIC SUPPORT : DIET MALAPPURAM &, TEAM ENGLISH MALAPPURAM

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Focus 21’, , English, , +1, , Dear Teachers and Learners,, , Thank you for being with “Vijayabheri”, an educational project of Malappuram, District Panchayath. Here, the handbook ‘Focus 21 English’ is prepared to ease your, learning of English for the First Year Higher Secondary Examination. Attempts have, been made to make it brief and simple. Hope you have already become familiar, with the ‘focus area’ in English. The handbook is mainly based on the lessons given, in the ‘focus area’. A section ‘Focus Plus’ has been added at the end to discuss the, grammar items and some other topics that are relevant in the discussion of the, question paper., Sure, you can perform your best if you work it out systematically., All the Best., Team English, ‘Vijayabheri’, , Prepared by:, , Salih A K, HSST English, GHSS Thadathilparamba - Aroor (11144)., , Rabeela K., HSST English, GHSS, Kottappuram (11023)., , Bindu Sheena A P, HSST English, GHSS Pandikkad (11002)., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 1

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Content, Sections, , Topics, , Pages, , I, , Analysis of the six prose lessons., , 3-9, , II, , Important Characters., , 10-14, , III, , Analysis of the two poems., , 15-20, , IV, , Important Themes., , 21-25, , V, , Important Discourses, , 26-47, , & Questions with Answers., , Vijayabheri, , VI, , ‘Focus Plus.’, , 48-73, , VII, , Let’s Get Ready for the Examination., , 74-80, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 2

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Section I, , Analysis of the Prose Lessons., , Dears,, Here, let’s analyse the content of the six prose lessons to be focused., Attempts have been made to simplify the sentences so that our target group can, pick them up easily. Here we aim at the content comprehension of the lessons., Important themes of each lesson are also given after the analysis. Think of it and, write a paragraph on it., 1. His First Flight, ,  ‘His first flight’ is a story written by Liam O’Flaherty., , , Liam O’Flaherty was an Irish novelist and a short story writer., ,  It is the story of a young seagull, who was afraid to fly.,  The young seagull lived on a ledge with his family.,  He thought his wings would not support him to fly.,  Lack of confidence and courage made him to stay on the ledge.,  He was left alone on the ledge with nothing to eat.,  His family, especially mother, gave him confidence to fly.,  His father, two brothers, and a sister were flying around him and supported, him.,  Finally, he flew and all the family members showed their joy by flying with, him.,  Every child needs courage and support in his life., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 3

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 To be successful we have to be courageous, confident and self reliant.,  The story conveys the message that we can’t achieve anything without taking, risks., Important themes of the lesson:, o Facing and overcoming challenges for achieving greatness., o Importance of mother’s love and care., o Importance of courage ,confidence and self reliance., , 2., , I Will Fly, ,  I Will Fly is a speech delivered by Dr. A. P .J. Abdul Kalam.,  Dr.Kalam advises us to be confident, self reliant, and unique.,  He believes that the ignited mind of the youth is the most important resource, of a country.,  He expresses his hope that today’s youth need not fear about their future.,  He inaugurated a programme called ‘Sasthrayan’ which means ‘the, propagation of science.’,  The mission of Sasthrayan was the preparation of about 2000 students from, different schools to be engineers, doctors, scientists, and managers.,  Kalam’s inaugural address was on the topic ‘Science Empowers the Nation’,  A boy from a remote village asked a question to Dr.Kalam.,  He wanted to become a marine engineer.,  He asked him how he could achieve his mission.,  The boy was nervous and didn’t have enough confidence to ask questions.,  The audience was curious to know what reply Kalam would give to this, young boy., , , Kalam appreciated the boy for that question and recited the poem named “I, Will Fly.’, , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 4

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 Everybody is born with potential and greatness.,  Everyone has ideas and dreams.,  Everybody is blessed with goodness and trust.,  But in our society everybody wants us to be like others.,  Kalam advised the boy to be unique., , , We need to fight the hardest battle until we attain our goal., , Important themes of the lesson:, o Chase your dreams and discover the unique you., o Importance of being unique., , 3. And Then Gandhi Came, ,  The lesson And then Gandhi Came is taken from The Discovery of India by, Jawaharlal Nehru.,  Nehru describes the uncertain condition in India after the First World, War., , , The First World War had a terrible impact on the Indian people., ,  The Indians were in a state of darkness and they had no one to guide them.,  It was at this point that Gandhi came., , , With Gandhiji's arrival Indian freedom struggle took a new shape., ,  Gandhiji was a powerful current of fresh air, he was like a beam of light, that could pierce the darkness, he was the whirlwind.,  He exhorted the rich people to stop exploiting the poor people.,  He wanted to get rid of poverty and misery in India.,  The essence of his teachings was fearlessness and truth.,  Gandhi uprooted fear from the minds of people., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 5

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 He guided the people on the way of truth.,  Gandhiji's two-fold action was, a) resisting foreign rule and, b) fighting against social evils inside the country.,  Gandhiji had dreams about India, to bring social and religious harmony., , , He wanted to ensure equal rights for women., ,  He dreamed of an India free from drinks and drugs.,  Under Gandhiji's leadership India attained freedom from British rule.,  Gandhiji was a man of strong will power and self-confidence., Important themes of the lesson:, , o Relationship between words and deeds., o Gandhiji as a great leader., o The essence of his teaching., , 4. The Price of Flowers, ,  The Price of Flowers is a story written by Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyay.,  It is a story of hope and faith, joys and sorrows , expectations and realities.,  It is an interesting story about a girl named Maggie and her mother, Mrs.Clifford who had a poor family background in London.,  The main character in the story is Maggie.,  Mr. Gupta was an Indian working in London.,  One day Mr.Gupta met Maggie at a restaurant.,  She was working as a typist in a nearby shop.,  She was not satisfied with her job, because it was mechanical.,  Maggie believed that India was a country full of tigers, snakes and fevers.,  Her brother Frank was a soldier in India and there was no news from him., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 6

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 She wanted to know about her brother.,  Maggie requested Gupta to look into the crystal ring and say if her brother, Frank was alive.,  Mr. Gupta looked into the ring and told a lie that Frank was alive.,  The lie helped to save the life of Mrs. Clifford.,  Mr.Gupta was shocked to learn that Frank had died in the war.,  Maggie visited Mr. Gupta before he left for India.,  She gave a shilling to buy flowers and to place it on the grave of her brother.,  Mr.Gupta received the shilling.,  It gave her joy beyond all price.,  The Price of Flowers is the story of miraculous bonds of human relationship, cemented in hope and faith., Important themes of the lesson:, o The bond of human relationships., o Role of hope for tomorrow., , o Influence of faith and superstition., 5. The Sacred Turtles of Kadavu, ,  The Sacred Turtles of Kadavu describes a travel experience on the island of, Kadavu.,  It beautifully narrates a strange ritual of turtle calling.,  We are taken to the village of Namuana.,  Only maidens wearing black dress perform the ritual.,  They gather on the beach and sing a strange chant.,  Giant turtles would rise to the surface hearing the song., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 7

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 If men from neighbouring village are present, the turtles won't rise up.,  There is a legend behind the ritual of turtle calling.,  One day the wife and the daughter of the Chief of Namuana, Tinaicoboga, and Raudalice went fishing.,  Some fishermen from Nabukelevu village came in a canoe and caught, them.,  They did not listen to the request of the two women to set them free.,  The sea gods were angry , they sent a huge storm and tossed the canoe.,  The men threw the two women into the sea and the women changed into, turtles.,  The men ran away with fright.,  The people of Namuana believe that Tinaicoboga and Raudalice live on the, bay as two turtles.,  It is in the memory of the two women that the maidens perform the, strange ritual., Important themes of the lesson:, o Travel is an eye-opener and it refreshes our life., o Legends and rituals increase the beauty and experience of life, , 6. The Serang of Ranaganji,  The Serang of Ranaganji is a story written by A.J Cronin.,  The central character of the story is Hasan, the serang of the, ship,Ranganji.,  Here the author narrates how the brave deeds and words of Hasan, helped to save the lives of many in the ship., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 8

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 The ship, Ranaganji , started from Liverpool to Calcutta with 1500, passengers.,  A.J Cronin was the doctor in the ship .,  Hasan, the serang of the ship , was very ugly with short legs and a large, disproportionate head.,  Miss. Jope-Smith, chief social promoter in the ship, laughed at his ugly, appearance.,  Some of the crew got infected with smallpox.,  As the doctor of the ship, it was the duty of A. J Cronin to control the, spreading of disease.,  He was weighed down by his responsibility.,  Hasan agreed to take care of the patients.,  He never expected reward or money., , , He nursed the patients risking his own life., ,  He gave medicines in time.,  Two patients died., , , Hasan lowered the bodies into the sea reading aloud a short passage, from the Ramayana., ,  His courage, self-control and faith helped to manage the disaster.,  He supported the doctor in many ways.,  He is a symbol of love, care, dedication and responsibility., Important themes of the lesson:, o How one can manage adversities and disasters in life., o, , Role of Selfless service in disaster management, , o Don’t Judge a person by his external appearance., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 9

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Section II, , Important Characters :, , 1. The Mother Seagull,  The mother seagull is a character in the story His First Flight by Liam, O'Flaherty.,  She appears to be a tough but motivating character.,  In reality, she is loving and caring.,  She knows her children better than any other person.,  She realises that her little one needs a lot of motivation to achieve his goal, of flying.,  She creates a challenging situation for the young seagull to make his first, flight.,  She appears with a piece of fish but halts in the air.,  Maddened by hunger, the young seagull dives for the fish.,  The mother helps the young seagull to develop self confidence and, become self reliant.,  Parents are the first teachers of their children.,  Children learn the lessons of life mostly from home., , , The mother seagull in the story is a role model for all the mothers., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 10

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2. The Young Seagull.,  The young seagull is a character in the story His first flight by Liam O'Flaherty.,  He was left alone on the ledge.,  He was afraid to fly.,  He lacked confidence.,  He thought his wings would not support him.,  He was also afraid of the vast expanse of the sea.,  His siblings flew to the other side.,  Young seagull was starving for a long time.,  His parents tried to motivate him.,  His mother approached with a piece of fish and halted in the air.,  Maddened by hunger, the young seagull dived for the fish.,  That helped him to make his first flight.,  A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step., 3. The Village Boy,  The young village boy asked a question to Dr.A.P.J Abdul Kalam,  He was nervous and a typical representative of the youth of India.,  He found fault with the education system he had.,  He did not gain any confidence through his education.,  He was afraid to talk to his teachers and friends.,  He wanted to be a marine engineer.,  He wanted to know how he could achieve his mission.,  He became a centre of attraction among the audience.,  Dr. Kalam motivated the young boy by reciting a poem named ‘I Will Fly.’, Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 11

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4. Maggie.,  Maggie or Alice Margaret Clifford is the central character in the story ‘The, Price of Flowers.’,  She is thirteen years old., , , Her eyes and clothing showed her poverty., ,  Her family includes her widowed mother and a brother ., , , He was working as a soldier in Punjab., ,  Maggie met Mr. Gupta at a restaurant.,  She was interested in him for an unknown reason.,  She shared her sorrow with Mr.Gupta.,  For Maggie, India was a land of tigers, snakes and fevers ., , , She believed that most Indians were vegetarians., ,  Maggie worked as a typist.,  She was not satisfied with her job because it was mechanical.,  She played violin very well.,  She was extremely concerned about her mother who worked hard by, selling cakes to support her.,  Like her mother, she was also haunted by the thoughts of her brother, Frank.,  There had been no news of Frank for long.,  She was very nostalgic about her brother Frank.,  She gave away a shilling to Mr.Gupta for buying flowers to be kept on the, grave of her brother.,  She is a symbol of love, innocence and dedication.,  Maggie is a touching character in the story ‘The Price of Flowers’., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 12

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4. Mr. Gupta,  Mr.Gupta is the narrator of the story The Price of Flowers.,  He is an Indian citizen staying in England.,  He is a learned and educated gentleman.,  One day he met Maggie at a restaurant.,  He was curious about the girl because he found she was curious about him.,  He went to see Maggie’s mother when she was sick.,  Mr.Gupta was surprised that Maggie and her family were highly superstitious.,  Though he couldn’t see anything through the crystal ring he told a lie that, Frank was alive.,  It was his caring nature that made him hide the fact about Frank’s death., , , He was forced to tell a lie that Frank was alive., ,  Gupta was a kind and compassionate person.,  He considered Maggie as a sister.,  Maggie visited Mr.Gupta before he left for India.,  Maggie gave a shilling to buy flowers and to place it on the grave of her, brother.,  Gupta accepted the shilling because Maggie would feel consoled whenever, she did something for her brother.,  His simplicity and humility made the difference., 5.Hasan,  Hasan is the serang of the ship Ranaganji.,  He looks squat and ugly.,  He has short legs and a large disproportionate head.,  Hasan agreed to take care of the patients., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 13

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 He never expected reward or money.,  He nursed the patients risking his own life.,  He gave medicines in time.,  When the two patients died, Hasan lowered the bodies into the sea, reading aloud a short passage from the Ramayana.,  His courage, self-control and faith helped to manage the disaster.,  He supported the doctor in many ways ., , , Selfless service and simplicity of Hasan impressed the doctor., ,  He is a symbol of love, care, dedication and responsibility., 6. Dr. A. J Cronin , the narrator.,  Dr. A J Cronin is the narrator of the story, The Serang of Ranaganji.,  He did his duty sincerely and efficiently.,  He was young and inexperienced in his profession.,  He couldn’t control his emotion when smallpox was reported in the ship.,  He treated the patients with the help of Hasan.,  He discussed everything with Captain Hamble.,  He was surprised at the noble qualities of Hasan.,  He could manage the disaster with the available resources.,  He didn’t entertain Miss. Jopesmith, who laughed at Hasan.,  He was a good observer and a man of values., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 14

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Section III, , Analysis of the two Poems, Dears,, There are five poems in the Course Book. Of these, the first two poems IF and, Death the Leveller are listed in the ‘Focus Area’. Study all the poems so that you, can attend maximum questions in the question paper. Studying poems is a, simple task. Keep in mind six points while preparing review of a poem:, 1. Title and the poet., 2. Theme of the Poem., 3. Brief summary of the poem., 4. Poetic devices used in the poem., 5. Your personal comments., 6. Message or messages., Here the two poems in the focus area are discussed and the other three are, in the ‘Focus Plus.’, 1. IF, , o IF is a motivational poem by Rudyard Kipling., o It is about how to become an ideal citizen., o The poem is in the form of instructions given by a father to his child., o We need to have self confidence to face tough situations in life., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 15

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o We need to have faith in ourselves even if others do not believe us., o We should be patient and cool while dealing with different kinds of, people., o We should hold on to truth whatever be., o It is good to do self evaluation., o We should give importance to action rather than words., o Dream big and try to achieve it., o, , But we should not be slaves to our dreams and thoughts., , o We need to take success and failure in the same way., o Be an emotionally balanced person., o Make the best use of time, each second is precious., o We should treat everyone equally., o Above all, we should forgive people., o Then we become true humans., , Theme of the Poem:, , , Values for self development., , , , How to become an ideal citizen., , 2. Death, the Leveller, o Death the Leveller is a funeral song written by James Shirley., o The central idea of the poem is that death is a great leveller or equaliser., o Wealth, power and social status are temporary., o We cannot escape from the cold grasp of death., o Nothing can protect us from the final destiny., o The king and the farmer become equal in death., o The victories that we achieve in war are short lived., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 16

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o Because the victors become victims of fate., o It is useless to boast of our mighty deeds., o Every head must come to the cold tomb., o Life is like a bubble., o We don't know when it will explode., o Only our good deeds will remain after our death., o Let us stop violence and bloodshed on this earth., o Let people remember us for our good actions., Theme of the Poem:, , , The importance of doing good deeds., , , , Death as a great equaliser., , , , The futility of wars and bloodshed., , Poetic Devices/Figures of speech, Poets use poetic devices in their poems. They make the poems more effective and interesting., Poetic devices broadly include figures of speech, rhyme scheme, metre etc., Now we are going to list out the figures of speech used in the five poems of our plus one, textbook., , POEMS, , LINES, , FIGURE OF SPEECH, , IF, , If you can fill the unforgiving minute, , Metaphor, , If you can dream and not make dreams, your master, , Personification, , If you can bear to hear the truth you, have spoken, Twisted by knaves to make a trap for, fools, , Symbol, , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 17

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DEATH THE LEVELLER, , SUNRISE ON THE, HILLS, , THE WRECK OF THE, TITANIC, , TO SLEEP, , Vijayabheri, , Death lays his icy hand on kings, , Personification, , With the poor crooked scythe and spade, , Personification, Transferred, epithet, , Sceptre and crown, scythe and spade, , Metonymy, Symbol, , Some men with swords may reap the, field, , Metaphor, , Upon Death’s purple altar now, , Personification, Transferred, epithet, , See where the victor - victim bleeds, , Oxymoron, Alliteration, , Smell sweet and blossom in their dust, , Alliteration, Synaesthesia, , I stood upon the hills when heaven’s, wide arch, , Metaphor, , And woods were brightened, and soft, gales, , Oxymoron, , And in their fading glory, shone, , Oxymoron, , Like hosts in battle overthrown, , Simile, , I heard the distant waters dash, , Onomatopoeia, , I saw the current whirl and flash, , Onomatopoeia, , Dim the sweet look that nature gives, , Synaesthesia, , Out of Southampton she swung with the, stream, , Personification, , A poem of iron and steel, A sea dream, , Metaphor, , For no eye saw death as he stood at the, wheel, , Synecdoche, , She was the last best work of men, , Personification, , Was there ever a scene so awfully, grand, , Oxymoron, , And could not win thee sleep by any, stealth, , Personification,, Assonance, , Without Thee what is all the morning’s, , Personification, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 18

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wealth, Come blessed barrier between day, and day, , Metaphor, Alliteration,, Oxymoron, , Dear mother of fresh thoughts and, joyous health, , Personification, ,  Don’t forget to go through the pages 31, 32 and 69 of your course book., , Poem Comprehension Questions:, 1. Read the lines from the poem „Death the Leveller', , Only the actions of the just, Smell sweet and blossom in the dust, Elaborate the meaning of the above lines., Answer:, , The poem "Death the Leveller" is written by the Elizabethan poet James Shirley., In this poem, the poet says that death takes away life from earth without any difference., Only our good actions that we do when we are alive remain after our death., The memories of good deeds will bring a sweet scent and leave its fragrance all around., Smell Sweet is an example of alliteration and synaesthesia., Question 2., Read the lines from the poem ' If '., If you can dream and not make dreams your master, If you can think and not make thoughts your aim, , Elaborate the meaning of the above lines., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 19

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Answer:, , The poem ' IF' is written by Rudyard Kipling., In the poem, a father talks to his son on how to become an ideal citizen., The poet says it is good to dream but we should not let our dreams control our life., It is good to think but the thoughts should not take us away from the real world., Dreams and thoughts are examples for personification., , Questions for Practice:, Elaborate the meaning of the given lines., 1. If you can fill the unforgiving minute, , With sixty seconds worth of distance run, 2. The glories of our blood and state, , Are shadows, not substantial things, There is no armour against Fate;, , 3. Upon Death's purple Altar now, , See where the Victor-Victim bleeds., a) Identify the poet., b) Identify two poetic devices in the given lines., c) Comment on the expression "Death's purple Altar"., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 20

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Section IV, , Important Themes:, , Dears,, Each lesson of our course book is based on certain themes. So we need to focus, on the important themes. You have to present your thoughts related to the, themes in your write-ups and discourses. Let’s analyse the important themes, related to the ‘focus area.’, , 1. Traits of a great personality/Glimpses of greatness, Great personalities inspire us., Their words and deeds motivate us., They achieve greatness through hard work and commitment., Perseverance is the key to open the world of greatness., They are sincere to their words and deeds., They are people with vision and passion., Their interventions change the world., They are optimistic., They become unique facing the challenges of life with courage, confidence and self, reliance., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 21

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They are strong with the belief that good can come out of any adversity., They always remind the people around them that they are the need of the hour., Their thoughts and ideas can bring revolutionary changes in the world., 2. Importance of confidence and courage ., Confidence and courage are important soft skills., Lack of such qualities blocks our personality development., Family plays a crucial role to make us courageous and confident., In the story ‘His First Flight’ the mother of the young seagull gave him confidence to, fly., Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam wanted people to be confident, self reliant and hardworking., To be successful we have to be courageous, confident and self reliant., We can’t achieve anything without taking risks., Without confidence nothing worthwhile can be achieved., Parents have a major role to equip their children to face the challenges of life., Courage, Motivation and support from the side of parents help their children to fly, high to the world of success., 3. Mother’s care and love., “God couldn’t be present everywhere, so He created mothers”., The words of Tagore underline the importance of mothers., Mother is the first friend, first teacher and the first guide of her children., She is the thread that connects all the members of a family., She is a symbol of love and sacrifice., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 22

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Mother is the pillar of a family., She is a great listener and encourages the children to do their best ., She inspires the children to become bold and confident., She is the lovely shadow of God who protects her children from all the dangers., So let’s treat our mothers with care and affection., In the story His First Flight the mother seagull gives all the motivation that the, young seagull needed to overcome its inhibition., 4. Importance of being unique., Dr.Kalam advises us to be unique., He was responding to a question asked by a young village boy., We can achieve our mission if we do the things in our unique ways., Everyone in the world is born with ideas and dreams., Our life-goal should be to find out the ‘unique YOU’, We should work hard to find out our real self., We can be great if we are unique., The beauty of the universe lies in unique contributions of different people., We should never try to imitate others blindly., Let’s think different, do different and make differences., We may make this world beautiful rendering our unique self., 5.Relevance of Gandhian Principles., , Gandhiji stood for the principles of truth and non-violence., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 23

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He did not make war but peace., His weapon was truth or Satyagraha., His slogan "Be fearless" inspired the youth., He emphasized dignity of labour and human values., He was against all social evils like child marriage, drugs, drinks, inequality etc., He voiced for communal harmony., Gandhiji respected tradition., His religion was all-inclusive., He appreciated all cultures but he was deep-rooted in his culture., We should work hard to fulfil his dreams., We should uphold democratic values., We should ensure social justice and gender equality., It is never too late to retrace his steps., 6.Death as an Equaliser, Death is the great equalizer., We are all equal in death., No matter rich or poor we all die., Whatever we achieve in life is temporary., Man is proud of his earthly achievements., But there is no protection against death., The sceptre and crown becomes equal with scythe and spade., The symbols of power and tools of hard work are equal in death., Death comes unexpectedly., Victor and victim become equal in death., Death does not show any discrimination., Death is a fair and just power., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 24

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Death places his cold hands on all., We can outlive death only through our good deeds., 7. Travelling as an eye-opener to new cultures traditions and rituals., It is said that travelling is a book and those who do not travel read only a page, of it., Travel opens up new refreshing snapshots before us., It often helps us change philosophy of our life., Travel opens our mind, our eyes and our heart., It makes us feel happy., It helps us to see rather than to read., We can explore new cultures and new traditions., One needs to travel with the right mindset., It gives us new experience., Each trip gives us a unique experience., With increasing facilities, people started to travel around., They got to know more about other cultures, rituals etc., Some travel experiences involve exploring the real self of a land., The ritual of turtle calling is practised in the island of Fiji., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 25

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Section V, , IMPORTANT DISCOURSES/ITEMS, , Dears,, Here most important thirteen discourses are discussed. Some common, expressions are given before the discourses. Hope they will help you to attend, the questions with confidence. The themes discussed in the previous sections, will help you to fill the content part of the discourses., , 1, , Speech, , Common Expressions:, Good morning,, Dear teachers and friends,, I am very happy to be here on this occasion., I would like to speak on the topic………, It is very important., It is the need of the hour., I would like to conclude my words., Thank you, , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 26

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Model Question:, , You are asked to deliver a speech on the ‘Importance of confidence,, courage and self-reliance and of being unique’ in front of your classmates on the, occasion of observing World Mental Health Day. Prepare the script of the, speech., , Answer:, , Dear teachers and friends,, Good morning ,, I am very happy to be here on this occasion. We are observing World Mental, Health Day. Now I would like to talk to you on the ‘Importance of confidence,, courage and self-reliance and of being unique.’ All of us are born with special, talents and skills. We should work hard to find out our ‘real self’. We can, become unique facing the challenges of life with courage, confidence and self, reliance. We can see many great people in the world .They are strong with the, belief that good can come out of any adversity. They always remind the people, around them that they are the need of the hour. Their thoughts and ideas can, bring revolutionary changes in the world. Friends, let’s be confident, courageous, and self-reliant. Let’s stop imitating others blindly. We may make this world, beautiful rendering our ‘unique self’ to the best. Let’s empower our mind to, bring miracles around us., I would like to conclude my words., Thank you., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 27

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2., , Profile, , Common Expressions:, …… was born at Porbandar in Gujarat on 2nd October in 1869., He/she was /is a famous…….(director, player, writer, leader, etc.), He was honoured with………, He/ She was/is lucky to have loving parents., He/she has/had an eventful childhood., He/she completed his /education at……, He/she wrote many books., He/she got many awards., He/she was/is a man with vision and passion., , Question:, Write a profile of Sachy, the famous Malayalam film director using the hints given below., , Name: K.R. Sachidanandan, PET name: Sachy, Born: 25 December 1972, Kodungaloor, Thrissur, Profession: Screenwriter, Director, Producer, Advocate, , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 28

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First movie directed:Anarkali, Hit movie:Ayyappaum Koshiyum.2020, Died: 18 June 2020, , Answer:, K.R. Sachidanandan was a famous Malayalam Film Director. He was popularly known as Sachi, to the Malayalam film fans. He was born on 25th December 1972 at Kodungallor in Thrissur., He entered the film field not as a director but as a screen writer. His debut film ‘Anarkali’ was, released in 2015. His ever hit movie Ayyapannum Koshiyum was released in 2020,starring, Biju Menon and Prithviraj. He passed away on 18th June in 2020. He still lives through the, minds of so many film lovers. He was a director with vision and passion., , 3., , E-mail, , I hope all is well., I am sending this email to share my, experience……….., I am sending this email to invite you to our school., I am sending this email to appreciate you., I am very happy/I am sad/I am very shocked, It’s our great pleasure., Looking forward to hearing from you soon, please keep in touch, Best regards., Have a wonderful day., Thanking you, , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 29

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Question:, You are inspired by Dr.APJ.Abdul kalam’s speech ‘I Will Fly’ and you decide to communicate, your thoughts and ideas to your friend who is studying abroad through an email. Draft the, email., , To, Cc, Bcc, Subject, , [email protected], Kalam’s speech, , Dear Reenu,, Hope you are well. How are your studies going? Are there online classes now? I am, sending this email to share an amazing experience. I listened to a speech by Dr.APJ, Abdul Kalam., Kalam shares his experience of inaugurating the programme called Sasthrayan. A, boy asked him a question about how to gain confidence in life. Kalam appreciated, the boy for that question and recited the poem named “I will fly’. I was greatly, impressed by the speech of Dr.APJ Abdul kalam., He says that the world around us wants us to be like others. But Kalam tells us to, be Unique. You should not try to be somebody else. I think this is a wonderful idea., Kalam wants people to be courageous, hardworking and confident., I really enjoyed this speech. It has given me a new insight and I suggest you to listen, to it. I am attaching the original text of the speech. You will find it rewarding., Have a wonderful day, Thanking you., Yours lovingly, [email protected], , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 30

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4., , Letter to the, Editor, , Common Expressions:, I am writing this letter to express my concern about…, It is high time we realised the seriousness of the situation., I strongly believe that…., It is dangerous…….., It is the need of the hour., Stern steps should be taken to address the issue., I would urge the authorities to look into the matter seriously., Kindly publish this through the appropriate columns of your esteemed daily., Question:1, , Disaster management is a collective responsibility. In spite of the constant efforts and, awareness programmes of the health department, the pandemic situation continues. People, sometimes do not follow the restrictions or the protocol. You decide to write a letter to the, editor of a daily reminding the authorities to implement strict punishment to those who, violate the rules. Draft the letter., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 31

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Answer:, From, , Ashley, Shangri-la, Chennai., 6th June 2021, To, The Editor, The Hindu, Sir,, Sub: Pandemic situation- need for strict rules and regulations., , I am writing this letter to express my concern about the increasing number of covid cases in, Malappuram these days. If people do not follow the instructions, they will have to pay a heavy, price for it. The death toll is increasing. It is high time we realised the seriousness of the, situation. I strongly believe that there should be a strict rule and severe punishment should, be given to those who violate the rules. People should observe social distancing. They should, not step out of their homes except during unavoidable situations. I would urge the authorities, to look into the matter seriously. Kindly publish this through the appropriate columns of, your esteemed daily., , Yours truly,, sd/Ashley., , Question.2, , Gandhi dreamt of an India where there is no rich- poor divide, an India in which there is no, high class and low class of people, an India in which all communities shall live in perfect, harmony. Do you think India upholds all the ideals envisioned by the father of our nation?, Write a letter to the editor of a popular daily bringing out your concern., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 32

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Answer :, From, Ashley,, Shangri la,, Chennai., , 6th June 2021, , To, The Editor,, Times of India., , Sir,, Subject: Request to uphold Gandhian ideals- regarding., , I am writing this letter to express my concern about the increasing gap between the rich and, the poor in India these days. India as we all know is a democratic country that is secular in, nature. Recent studies reveal that the gap between the rich and the poor is on the increase, and the number of people below poverty line is also increasing. It is high time we realised the, seriousness of the situation. I strongly believe that the authorities concerned should bring, suitable policies to uplift the poor. The poor should be given free education and job, opportunities. Free medical and health insurance should be provided to the BPL families .I, would urge the authorities to look into the matter seriously. Kindly publish this through the, appropriate columns of your esteemed daily., Yours truly,, Sd/, Ashley, , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 33

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5., Write-up/, Paragraph, Common Expressions, It is very important., We should discuss it in detail., It has many merits and demerits, I have a dream., It is the need of the hour., It is a noble one., I will do my best to achieve my goal., It is true., I do agree with it., In my opinion…….., I think…….., In my view….., , Question:, The young village boy in ‘I Will Fly’ wants to be a marine engineer., Maggie likes to do the work of a secretary in future. What do you want to, be in your future? Prepare a write up on your career plans and explain, why you like it., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 34

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Answer, I have a dream. I would like to be a teacher in my life. It is a noble profession., A teacher is always respected by the society. It is very important . A teacher can, mould a person. He can be considered as the strongest pillar of the society .A, teacher influences the society around him. A teacher always acts as a social, engineer. Any positive change in society is brought about by a teacher. A teacher, can bring revolutionary changes in the society. So I will work hard to be a, promising teacher. I will do my best to achieve my goal., , 6., , Interview, , Common Expressions (questions), 1. What is the turning point in your life?, 2. Who is your role model?, 3. Do you enjoy this career?, 4. Can you tell me a little about yourself?, 5. What is your greatest professional achievement?, 6. Tell me about a challenge you've faced at work., 7. Can you tell us something about your childhood?, 8. What is your message to the new generation?, 9. What is your next project?, 10. What inspired you to become a……?, , Question:, Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 35

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Imagine you got a chance to interview A.J Cronin, the doctor of the ship,, Ranaganji., Prepare five questions that you may ask on the occasion., , Answer:, 1. What inspired you to become a doctor?, 2. Tell me about a challenge you've faced at work., 3. What is your greatest professional achievement?, 4. Do you enjoy this career?, 5. Can you tell us something about Hasan, the serang of Ranaganji?, Debate, 7., , For & against, Agreeor disagree, , Common Expressions:, I agree with it., I do agree with it., It is right., Sorry, I can’t agree with it., It is wrong., It is good., There are many merits and demerits., It can be viewed from different angles., There is no sense in the argument., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 36

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Question., We learned how the vigilance of parents, especially of the mother seagull, made, the first flight of the young seagull possible. But, old age homes are, mushrooming in Kerala, ‘the God’s own country’., ‘Are old age homes a boon or a curse to Kerala, the God’s own country?’ The, Debate club of your school conducts a debate on the topic. Write four arguments, for or against the topic, Answer:,  Old age home is a curse to our state.,  I can’t agree with this ‘culture’ of insulting our parents.,  It is our duty to take care of our parents.,  Old age requires love and care., 8., , Essay/Article, Expressing your, views, etc., , You may have to attend many questions of this type in your question paper., Often, they carry 6 to 8 score each. Practise the common expressions given, below well and try to include them in your essays/articles with slight necessary, changes. Moreover, the expressions can be used in speech, letter to the editor,, write-ups, etc., Please see how ‘the common expressions’ are used in the answer to the question, given below., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 37

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Common Expressions:, It is very important., It is the need of the hour., It is a must in the modern world., The importance of the topic is increasing day by day., There are many challenges., It plays an important role., It is a serious issue., There are many pros and cons., It has many merits and demerits, Government should be very vigilant., Stern steps should be taken in this regard, We have been doing a lot in this regard., Still we have miles to go., Let’s work hard for a better society., , Question:, Analyse the news headlines given below:, Police Nab Inter-State Thief, Body of Class X student Found in Water-filled Pit, Opposition Disrupts Assembly Proceedings, A young Girl Brutally killed, , In the light of the news headlines, prepare an article on the relevance of Gandhian, ideas of non-violence, peace and equal rights in the modern world., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 38

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Answer:, The Relevance of Gandhian Principles, , The relevance of Gandhian principles is increasing day by day. Gandhian principles, are very important in the modern world. They are the need of the hour., Now we are living in a world where everything is measured in terms of money .The, new generation gives no importance to our traditions and values. Gandhiji always, emphasized the significance of value-based education. He upheld the principles of, ahimsa and non-violence .He also stressed the importance of truthfulness and, fearlessness in life. He strongly stood against the social evils like caste system. He, was sincere to his words and deeds., At present we are shocked to hear about the cruel hands against women and, children. There are many challenges for them. He firmly believed that women, should enjoy the same right as men. He dreamt of an India where all communities, live in perfect harmony., Constant vigil should be kept to cherish the Gandhian principles. We should, promote them among our children. Government should be very vigilant to include, Gandhian values in the school curriculum. Stern steps should be taken in this, regard. Though we have been doing a lot, we have miles to go., Let’s work hard for a better society., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 39

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Poem, Appreciation, , 9., , Common Expressions:, The poem …….. is written by….., This poem is a ……….., The central idea of the poem is that…., The poet speaks about the importance of ……., It reminds us of ……, The poetic devices add to the beauty of the poem., The poem has the rhyme scheme …….., The poet has used simple language., This poem shows the vibrant imagination of the poet., The style is smooth and clear., The poem has a charm that keeps the readers under its custody., It has a freshness of outlook even when the theme is universal., The visual imagery makes a fascinating appeal in the minds of readers., , Question:, Read the poem given below and write an appreciation., AM I NEXT?, Am I next? Am I the next one to go?, The deaths recently of people I know., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 40

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A cliff edge there. And beyond is below., Me then, up here, will be nowhere on snow., It is fate, of course, Inevitable., That at some point be my turn to be next, The loss I face then, inestimable., Not outside it; my direct interest., I am saddened. Feel saddened and bereft., Not superficial self-pity. Deeper, Advance grief. Nothing of me will be left, I cannot swerve meeting the grim reaper, So, for this shock ahead I have sorrow., I know it will be my turn tomorrow., , Now prepare an appreciation of the poem focusing on its theme, message,, relevance and figures of speech., Answer:, The poem Am I Next is written by an unknown poet. It has a good theme. He, says that death is inevitable. The poet anticipates his death. He paints, a grim picture of death. He was upset by the loss of people around him, The poet is in love with his life. It is very striking that our turn of death may, come at any time. The poet has used many poetic devices. They make the poem, very effective. The theme of the poem is very relevant. We can read the poem, from different angles. One can enjoy the poem as it gives a good message. The, poetic devices enhance the beauty of the poem. The rhyme scheme used in the, poem makes it a melodious one., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 41

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10., Live Report, , Common Expressions:, Hello I am …… from Global TV channel., Now I am at……….., I am here to report…….., It’s really unbelievable….., Thousands of people are gathered here….., It’s really amazing /interesting/touching., What a wonder!, , Question:, Imagine that you are a news channel reporter and you visited the Namuana Village to, witness the strange ritual of turtle calling. Draft a Live TV report of the event., , Answer:, Hello friends! I am Gopan from Fiji. I am here at the Namuana seashore. The, women of Namuana village still preserve a very strange ritual-that is ‘turtle, calling’. Thousands of people including foreigners have gathered here to watch, and enjoy the strange ritual. The maidens of this village have assembled on the, seashore.They are in black dress with a tattooed club in their hands. They are, singing a strange chant. Now look carefully down into the water of the bay., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 42

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Wow! We can see giant turtles rising one by one on the surface listening to the, music., It is very amazing to find that the turtles would not rise up in the presence of, any member of the nearby village of Nabukelevu. The entire village is in a festive, mood to see the descendants of the princess, Tinaicoboga and her daughter,, Raudalice . This is not a fairy tale. It actually takes place. There is an interesting, legend behind the ritual. We will get back after a short break with the details of, the legend behind the turtle calling., Till then ….bye from Gopan with cameraman Sayan., 11, , Travel, Essay, , A trip to ………… remains unfaded in my memory., It was during ………… holidays., ……….. is one of the most favourite tourist spots., It gives me a break from my dull routine., I feel refreshed., The cool climate and the scenic beauty of the place makes the place my, favourite tourist spot., I will return to …………, It has captured my mind and heart., I would say ………... is an ideal destination for people who want to, spend time close to nature., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 43

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A Trip to Wayanad, , A trip to Wayanad remains unfaded in my memory.It was during onam holidays. Wayanad is one, of my favourite tourist spots. It gives me a break from my dull routine. I feel refreshed., We started in the evening. We were five packed in a car. The pattering of rain sometimes, blocked my view of certain sights. There we stopped and never missed even a single beauty spot., While others were capturing the images in their mobiles, I captured and preserved it in my heart., The stay at the resort increased my excitement. I heard the silence of nature on that cold night. I, was away from all the disturbing thoughts of busy life. I enjoyed all the spots till the next evening., The cool climate and the scenic beauty of the place make it my favourite tourist spot. I would say, Wayanad is an ideal destination for people who want to spend time close to nature. I will return, to Wayanad. It has captured my mind and heart., , 12., , Informal Letter, , Common Expressions:, , Hope you are fine., How is your (job/ family/ health)?, I really want to appreciate you for your good deeds, I'm happy there are a lot of people like you in this world, Your words and deeds refreshed our life., Let me congratulate you., Keep up your good work., Looking forward to meeting you someday., Yours lovingly,, Name, Question:, , Maggie writes a letter to Mr. Gupta appreciating him for his love and care. Prepare, the letter., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 44

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Answer:, Dear Mr. Gupta,, Hope you are fine. How is your new job? Hope you have visited my brother’s grave. I can never, forget those sweet moments I had with you. I really appreciate you for your good deeds. I am, happy there are people like you in this world. Your words and deeds refreshed our life. My mother, , always talks about you. If you visit London again we will arrange accommodation and food in our, house., Looking forward to meeting you someday., Lovingly,, Name ., Other context:, 1. Letter appreciating the village boy., 2. Letter congratulating Hasan., 3. Letter to your close friend sharing your experiences of…. ( imaginary textual contexts), , Newspaper, Report, , 13., , Common Expressions, According to the official sources…, It is reported that…, It is estimated that….., In the words of one of the survivors, “…………………………………………”, “...................”, the CM’s office said in a statement after the meeting., “It is very shocking and unfortunate……………..”, The ministry instructed the district administrations to…, Format of a good news report:, ,  Headline,  Byline,  Key sentence containing 5w’s, Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 45

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 Important facts,  Quotation(Narration/opinion of witnesses or survivors), Now , let’s prepare a newspaper report from the given hints arranging the, content of the report in the above format., Hints:, 4 pm-Bhiwandi-20 km from Gurgaon-Boiler blast-Chemical Factory-nearby building collapse-Fire Brigade, Sources-2 workers killed,20 injured-civil hospital-police investigation-manager missing, Headline: Two killed,20 Injured in an Explosion, Byline:, , Staff Reporter, , Key sentence (5 w’s) Two workers were killed and 20 injured in Bhiwandi Industrial Complex,20 km from, Gurgaon, when a boiler in a chemical factory exploded at around 4 pm last day.(who, what, when, where,, how or why), Important facts: According to the Fire Brigade sources, the blast was so severe that it caused a nearby, building to collapse. The seriously injured were rushed to civil hospital. The local police have started the, investigation. The manager of the company is reported to be missing., , Quotation(Narration/opinion of others):One of the witnesses said to the police,” I was just starting from, Bhiwandi to my home when I heard a huge sound and when I ran to the spot, I couldn't go near, I couldn't, see anything but only black fumes(smoke) everywhere and the cries of so many people. I immediately, informed the fire and rescue team”., , Question., Prepare a newspaper report from the given hints:, , Two ship crew dead- 12 more cases confirmed-smallpox-ship Ranaganji-Liverpool to, Kolkata-middle of Arabian sea--nearest port 8 days away-patients examined-evacuatedisolated-nursed-chief physician Cronin- assisted by serang Hasan- -incident kept secretavoid panic-situation under control-Captain Hamble., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 46

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Answer:, Smallpox spreads in Ship Ranaganji: 2 dead, Staff Reporter, Colombo, , Two shipmen were dead last morning and 12 more have been diagnosed with smallpox which was, spreading fast in the ship Ranaganji that was on its way to Kolkata from Liverpool.The ship is, reported to have reached in the middle of the Arabian Sea. According to the official sources, the, nearest port is 8 days away., Two deck lascars who showed the symptoms were brought before the chief physician Dr A J, Cronin two days back.After they were examined and the disease confirmed, the patients were, evacuated. With increasing cases, all the patients were isolated. They were given special care and, attention by the serang Hasan who is of major help to the doctor., The condition of the two workers aggravated and they lost their life after fighting with the, disease.The whole incident was kept a secret to avoid panic among the passengers., However, “There is no need for panic, the situation is under control and we are relieved that no, fresh cases are reported”, said Captain Hamble to the media., , Question for Practice, A news reporter made the following notes. Using the notes, prepare a report., Cyclone-coastal state-Orissa-high waves-20 feet high-wind speed 80 km/hr-houses destroyedheavy loss-state cut off-uprooted trees-traffic block-relief work progressing, , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 47

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Section VI, , Focus Plus, Dears,, To score maximum in English examination, you need to go beyond the ’focus, area.’ After studying the previous five sections, spend a few hours on this ‘Focus, Plus.’ In this section some other important areas that are relevant in the, discussion of First Year Question Paper are given:, 1. Grammar., 2. Analysis of the other 3 Poems., 3.Analysis of the other 8 Prose Lessons., , Grammar:, 1) Editing, Correct the following sentences and try to understand the grammar, point behind it., 1.Roshan get up at 5’ in the morning every day., 2. English is speak all over the world ., 3. Last year I have gone to a village to inaugurate a programme ., 4. Shyam is one of the brilliant student in the school., 5.Every one in the class have taken the vaccine., 6.Ronaldo told that they will win the match., 7.There are several possibility., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 48

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8. The university offer different courses., 9. He did suicide., 10. I don’t know where has he gone., 11. If you had reached before10 minutes you got the Maveli Express., 12. He don’t know much about it., 13 . He was born in 2nd Otober on Porbandar at Gujarat., 14. Some of the luggage were spoilt in the rain., , Answer:, 1.Roshan gets up at 5’ in the morning every day., (Grammar point: Subject ‘Roshan’ is singular which takes ‘s’ form ,thus ‘get’ becomes ‘gets.’, Moreover, routine activity is told in simple present tense. In the case of personal pronouns, ‘I’ ,You ,They ,We’ we use base form in the present tense. ’He, She and It’ go with, ‘base+s’), , 2. English is spoken all over the world ., ( Passive construction takes v3 form. The sentence is in singular present tense. So, ‘speak’ becomes ‘ is spoken’ ), , 3. Last year I went to a village to inaugurate a programme ., (When we refer to a past event happened at a particular point of time ,simple past, tense is used), , 4. Shyam is one of the brilliant students in the school., (One of the +…..Plural of the noun+ singular verb), , 5. Everyone in the class has taken the vaccine., (Subject ‘everyone’ agrees with the singular verb), Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 49

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6.Ronaldo told that they would win the match., ( It is in the reported speech : .So ‘would’ should be used instead of ‘will’), , 7. There are several possibilities., (The sentence begins with the plural ‘there are’ . So ‘possibilities’ should be used), , 8. The university offers different courses., (The subject is singular. So ‘s’ should be suffixed with the base form ‘offer’), , 9. He committed suicide., ( Case of collocation. ‘committed suicide’ is a standard collocation in English), , 10. I don’t know where he has gone., (It is a declarative sentence. ‘Has he gone’ is pattern of a question. So ‘he has gone’ is, right), , 11. If you had reached 10 minutes earlier, you would have got the Maveli, Express., (Third type of ‘If clause. Here the pattern is : I+ past….would/should/could/might, +have +past participle), , 12. He doesn’t know much about it., (With the pronoun ‘he’ doesn’t is used in the present tense. Read the grammar point of, the first sentence), , 13 .He was born on 2nd Otober at Porbandar in Gujarat, ( prepositional errors: ‘On’ with date and day, In with large place, at with small place ), Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 50

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14. Some of the luggage was spoilt in the rain., ( ‘luggage ’ is collective .Though plural in meaning they are singular in form. The, ’class collectives’ like , ‘traffic, equipment’ are followed by singular verbs.), ,  Don’t forget to go through the pages 48 and 49 of your course book. Some, grammar tips are given there in detail., , 2. Reported Speech, Read the conversation between Lionel Messie and Neymer:, , We will win the, match, Neymer:, Messie, , We will defeat you by, a larger margin. My, team is fit., , But luck always, favours Brazil., Neymer:, , Imagine you are a reporter and you would like to report the conversation., How can you do it?, Answer:, Neymer told Messie that they would win the match. Messie replied that they, would defeat Brazil by a larger margin. He also added that his team was fit., Neymer opined that luck always favoured Brazil., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 51

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Now you try to report a conversation between Maggie and Gupta, , Maggie: Excuse me , are you a vegetarian?, Gupta : Why do you ask that?, Maggie: I have heard that most Indians are vegetarians., , Answer, , Maggie politely asked Gupta whether he was a vegetarian. Gupta asked her why, she asked that question. Maggie replied that she had heard that most Indians, were vegetarians., , Here you have noticed some changes when a conversation is changed into, reported speech. Let’s learn something general about Direct speech and, Reported speech., , There are two ways of reporting the words of a speaker:, 1. Direct Speech, 2. Reported Speech, Neymer said, “ We will win the match”, Messie replied, “We will defeat you by a larger margin”, Here we report the exact words of the speaker using comma ( ,) and quotation, mark( “…….”). Often a reporter finds this type of reporting difficult when the, words of a speaker are long and pointless. Moreover, it may be monotonous to, the readers or listeners. Here the reporter doesn’t have freedom to change the, words of the speaker., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 52

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In the case of Reported speech or Indirect Speech, we report the words of the, speaker without quoting his exact words., Neymer told that they would win the match. Messie replied that his team, would defeat Brazil by a larger margin., You might have noted some changes when Direct Speech is turned into, Reported speech:,  The essence of the words of the speaker is conveyed to the readers or, listeners without quoting his exact words.,  The comma after ‘said’ and the quotation marks are removed.,  corresponding past tenses.,  Sentences are written in declarative sentences.,  Pronouns and Possessive adjectives of the first and second persons in the, direct speech(‘we & you’ in the examples given above) are changed into, the third person in the Indirect( ‘We’ becomes ‘they’ ‘You’ becomes ‘them’, in the example),  If the person addressed reports the speech himself, then the second, person is changed into the first., Example:, If Messie reports the words of Neymer to others, reported speech should be as:, Neymer told me that they would win the match. I replied to him that we, would defeat them by a larger Margin., , Question: 1., Read the conversation between Maggie and Gupta and write it in reported, speech., Maggie: Please buy flowers with the shilling when you go, and lay them on my, brother’s grave for me ., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 53

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Gupta: Maggie, I shall use this shilling to buy flowers and put them on your, brother’s grave, Answer:, Maggie requested Gupta to buy flowers with that shilling when he went and to, lay them on the grave of her brother for her. Gupta replied that he would use, that shilling to buy flowers and would put them on her brother’s grave., , Question.2, Read the conversation between Hasan and the doctor, , Hasan: Are you careful of yourself , Doctor Sahib?, Doctor: Indeed I am .Besides this is my work., Hasan: Do not worry , Doctor Sahib. I am strong .And it is my work too, , Imagine the doctor reported this to one of his friends after reaching Ranaganji, in Calcutta. How would he report the conversation?, You may begin as:, ‘I met a great serang named Hasan. He asked me whether………, Answer:, I met a great serang named Hasan .He asked me whether I was careful of myself., I replied to him that I was careful as it was my work. Hasan consoled me saying, that he was strong and added that it was his work too., , Question for practice:, Question ., Complete the sentences to know how Gupta would report his conversation with, Maggie, Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 54

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Gupta asked, “What is it, Maggie?”, Maggie replied, “come into the sitting room and I will tell you.”, I asked Maggie…………….., Maggie replied ……………,  Don’t forget to go through the pages 65&66(activity IX) of the text book, , 3., Passivisation, Read the two short passages:, , You should wash your hands with soaps and use sanitisers. You should wear mask properly. You, should keep social distance .The Police will punish you if you violate the Covid protocol., , Hands should be washed with soaps and sanitisers should be used, masks should be used, properly. Social distance should be kept. You will be punished if you violate the Covid protocol., , What kind of difference have you noticed?, Both these passages have the same meaning but the sentence pattern is different., In the first,,  In the first passage doer of the action is given in the beginning itself and so, it is highlighted. It is said to be in the Active Voice as the doer is active.,  In the second passage the doer or subject ‘you’ is not highlighted and, remains passive. So it is called in the Passive Voice. The action of the doer is, highlighted here., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 55

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 In the second passage, as the word ‘you’, the doer, repeats in all other, sentences the passage seems to be monotonous.,  Often sentences in passive construction standardize your language .,  We use only V3 in passive voice, , Active, , Passive, , People all over the world speak English, , English is spoken all over the world, , He does nothing in this regard, , Nothing is done in this regard, , Ronaldo scored three goals in the match. Three goals were scored by Ronaldo in, the match, The nurse is injecting the patients, The patients are being injected., We were cleaning our village, , Our village was being cleaned, , He has written many poems, , Many poems have been written by him, , Then a monstrous terror seized him, , He was seized by a monstrous terror, , Due to the limited availability of time ,I Due to the limited availability of time,, twelve students were selected at, selected twelve students at random, random, I value your question, Your question is valued, He had sent us to the villages, , We had been sent to the villages by him, , He showed his strong teeth in a sudden, , His strong teeth were shown in a, sudden fleeting smile., , fleeting smile, , Questions for Practice:, 1., I took Maggie to see the zoo once., Begin the sentence as :, Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 56

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‘ Maggie…………….., 2. My breakfast was unfinished., Rewrite the sentence in active voice, 3. I got up and took her hand in mine, Begin the sentence as:, I got up and her………, 4. I found three new cases among the deck hands., Complete the sentence:, Three new cases……………, ,  Don’t forget to go through the pages 122 and 123 (Activity VIII Passivisation), of Your Course Book., , 4 .IF Clauses, , Let’s read the short passage:, One day an angel appeared in front of a man who was totally disappointed, in his life, and the angel asked him “What is wrong with you?” He said, „My, life is full of miseries. I am not at all blessed by God”, Angel replied “I will give you one crore rupees, if you give me your two eyes”., He replied “never”. Then the angel added “ I will give you two crore rupees,, if you give me your tongue”, , Here the two highlighted sentences are examples of IF Clauses/Conditionals. A conditional, sentence has two parts: the conditional clause and the main clause ., I will give you one crore rupees (Main Clause), If you give me your two eyes (If clause), Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 57

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Both of these clauses are interchangeable, ie; their positions may be changed., Eg; If you give me your tongue, I will give you two crore rupees ., , There are three types of If Clauses/Conditionals:, , Types, , Nature, , Example, , Structure, , 1. If he plays well ,, , First Conditional, , the team will win, , If+ present (if clause)., , Real/Possible, , the match., , Will/shall/can/may+, , situations, , 2. If you invite her,, , infinitive(main clause), , she will attend the, party., Improbable, , 1. If he played well ,, , situations/ unlikely to the team would win, , Second Conditional, , If +past(if clause), , be fulfilled/Imaginary, , the match., , (Here a least, , 2. If you invited her, , possibility to happen, , , she would attend, , Would/should/could/might, , things remains)., , the party., , +infinitive (Main clause), , 1. If he had played, , Third Conditional, , Unreal/impossible, , well, he would have, , If +past perfect (if clause), , past situations., , won the match., , Would/should/could/might+, , (Here we speak of a, , 2. If she had invited, , have +V3 (main clause), , past situation, so, , her, she would have, , possibility to happen, , come., , things remains, closed.), , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 58

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Questions for practice:, Fill in the blanks making appropriate changes to the words given in bracket, 1. If I …………………….(get) a first, I shall go to Cambridge., 2. If I ……………………(be) going to die, I might as well do something good., , 3. The coastal areas of Kerala were not prepared to face a disaster like the tsunami in 2004. We, would have been better prepared to reduce its risks if we …………… ( experience ) anything like this, in the past. What ……… ( happen) if a tsunami strikes our coastal areas again?, , 4. If I ……… ( have ) enough time, I would have completed all the tasks., 5. If ………. I do (not participate), I won’t pass the exam, , Complete Suitably, 6. Imagine that the boy in the lesson I Will Fly wrote a letter to his friend after meeting Dr.Kalam:, Meeting Dr.Kalam was really a wonderful experience. Now I feel very confident. He said,, “If…………………you will succeed. His words ignited my mind. If I had not attended the meeting,, I………………………………………, , Don’t forget to go through the pages 33 ,34,35 (Activity IV –Conditional/If clause) of, Your Course Book, , 5. Cohesive Devices, There are some words or phrases that show the relationship between sentences,, paragraphs, clauses and sections of a text and they hold a text together. Such words, are called cohesive devices. Often they are separated with a coma., Examples:, Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 59

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1. He was tired of swimming. However, he managed to reach the other side of the, river., 2. Covid claimed many lives. Many business men left their business field. Moreover,, It has been posing new strange threats., 3. In conclusion, he was a diving force to the economic growth of our nation., Please go through the table showing commonly used cohesive devices for different, functions:, Cause and effect, , Contrast/qualify/, , Because of, As, Since, Due to, Owing to, For, So, As a result of, Therefore, Consequently, In order to, So, So that, So as to, , Even though, But, However, While, Nevertheless, Yet, Although, In spite of, Despite, Though, Whereas, Still, On the contrary, Even so, , Adding/illustrating/, comparing, And, Too, Moreover, Also, Furthermore, In addition to, Besides, For instance, For example, In particular, Similarly, In the same way, Likewise, Like, equally, , Generalising, /Sequencing, In some cases, In general, In all, Many, Most, Broadly speaking, Firstly/Secondly/lastly, First of all/finally, To begin with, To start with, Meanwhile, Then, After, subsequently, On the whole, , Questions for practice, Fill up the gaps selecting appropriate words. One has been done for you., 1. When I was young, we were living in Chennai. Our flat was tiny. a)……………….. , we managed to, , live there for five years. When I was eight years old, I stopped taking guitar lessons and, b)…………………..,took up the piano. c)…………………………., a year later my brother also stopped, learning the guitar and joined me. ( however , likewise, instead), , Answer:, a) however, Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 60

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b) instead, c) likewise, 2. Karan was rich …………………….his cousin Kate was poor. He asked her to hire a taxi and go,, ………………….., she would arrive late. He was not tired ……………………….. he took a, nap.(nevertheless, however ,otherwise), , 3. Teaching science has become easier these days. There are a lot of charts and models available, to the teachers and students…………………..,the internet provides a great deal of good videos., ……………………,the teachers and students do not seem to make use of these resources, effectively.(therefore, however, finally, moreover), 4. Dear friends,……………………..I would like to talk to you on the impact of watching TV.TV is also, called ‘idiot box’ because it makes its viewers lazy and irresponsible. ……………………….,the viewer, gets addicted to it as well. ……………….., good programmes are also telecast on it once in a while., My brother works in an office where TV is switched on in low voice for customers. …………………..I, work in an office where there should be nothing as to distract the workers. (whereas, however,, besides, firstly), 5. On the one hand, people enjoy all the facilities provided by the govt. ………………., they criticize it, severely. In a democratic country like India, people have the freedom to criticize the policies of, the govt.,……………………,in other countries, they are forced to suppress their opinions. In fact, our, system has always taken our critical opinions in a positive way,………………….. it would have, oppressed us. …………………………we are in a heaven where freedom of expression is valued, most.(whereas, actually, otherwise, on the other hand), , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 61

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Analysis of the other, three Poems, , 1. SUNRISE ON THE HILLS, ,  The poem ‘Sunrise on the hills’ is written by H.W.Longfellow., , , Longfellow describes the glory and beauty of nature., ,  The poem consists of three stanzas of varying length.,  The poet is delighted by the magnificent sight of nature., , , The poet is standing on the hill. The poem starts with the sunrise amidst the, hills., , , , The poet observes the changes that occur in nature when the sun rises., ,  The sky is glorious with the rays of rising sun.,  The rising sun makes the glory of the clouds fade.,  The sun is compared to a warrior.,  The valley responds to the rising sun in a lively manner., , , The water that flows in the river gets darkened by the shade of the forest., ,  The idea behind the poem is that nature is a source of inspiration and cure., , , It can heal the wounds of heart and mind., ,  The poem is full of visual, auditory and kinesthetic imagery.,  The poem is rich in imagery and musicality., 2. The Wreck of the Titanic, , , The Wreck of the Titanic is one of the famous poems of Benjamin Peck Keith., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 62

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 It is written as an elegy in memory of the heroes of the ship Titanic that sank, on 14th April 1912.,  Captain Smith and the crew remained in the ship while it was sinking in to the, depths of Atlantic.,  The poet calls the ship ‘a poem of iron and steel’., , , On the tragic night, it collided with a massive ice berg., ,  Women and children got top priority to be rescued from the sinking Titanic.,  Captain Smith never thought of saving himself for a moment.,  The figures of speech such as metaphor, alliteration, assonance and, consonance give considerable elegance to the poem.,  The poem highlights the virtues of life such as bravery, compassion, devotion.,  Bravery and heroism of Captain Smith and his team will be remembered, forever., 3. To Sleep,  To Sleep is a sonnet by William Wordsworth.,  The poet experiences sleeplessness.,  He was so worried.,  Some images of nature flashed through his mind.,  The poem presents some finest sights and sounds.,  He considers sleep as a mistress.,  It is the mother of fresh thoughts and joyous health.,  It is the blessed barrier between day and day.,  The poet uses figures of speech in the poem.,  They make the poem very effective.,  Sleep is personified throughout the poem., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 63

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 ‘Blessed barrier’ is an example for oxymoron, metaphor and alliteration., , Analysis of, the other, prose lessons., , Here a brief analysis of the other eight prose lessons is made. You had better have a, gist of the lessons for better scoring. Often you are asked to write essays and writeups on ‘Disasters and Disaster Management’, ‘Travel Experience’ and ‘Possibilities, and Limitations of Internet use’. The content of these lessons will help you attempt, better write-ups in your answer scripts., , 1. QUEST FOR A THEORY OF EVERY THING, , , Stephen Hawking was born on 8th January 1942 at Oxford in England., , , , His father was Frank and his mother was Isobel., , , , His early schooling was in Saint Alban’s School., , , , He was a slow learner at the school., , , , His father wanted him to attend Oxford University., , , , In 1959 he joined Oxford and specialized in Mathematics and Physics., , , , He liked classical music, took part in sports and was famous for his wit., , , , He became popular and accepted by his friends., , , , Then he went to Cambridge for his further studies., , , , There he was contracted with a rare disease called Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis., , , , Meeting Jane Wilde was a turning point in his life., , , , She supported him throughout his life. His achievement as a scientist won him the title, ‘Second Einstein’., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 64

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, , He lost his capacity to communicate after an operation and later he used a programme, called equalizer for communication., , , , His famous book A Brief History of Time was published in 1988., , , , He passed away on 14th march 2018., , 2. THE TRIP OF LEHORLA, , , The Trip of Le Horla is about a ride in a hot air balloon., , , , This is a thrilling balloon journey from Paris to Belgium, , , , It tells how interesting the earth looks when viewed from a different angle, from above the, earth., , , , There were five men in the balloon. Captain Jovis was their leader., , , , Their journey starts from La Villette in Paris., , , , They carried food, barometer, bits of paper and also sand to balance weight., , , , Many people gathered to witness the take off of the balloon., , , , The air balloon was sometimes rising and sometimes descending., , , , They watched the setting sun, rising moon, and the rising sun, , , , When barometer showed 2350 meters at height they began to descend., , , , Finally, Captain Jovis, directed to have a favourable landing., , , , Passengers enjoyed the view of Paris city., , , , Passengers thanked Captain Jovis for a wonderful experience., , , , The reader almost experiences the same thoughts and feelings of the travelers., , , , It was a fantastic journey., , 3. DISASTERS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA., , , Disasters have become a big challenge for all humanity., , , , India is highly prone to disasters., , , , There are two types of disasters., , , , They are natural disasters and man-made disasters., , , , Disasters affect both developed and developing countries., , , , Some of the natural disasters are storms, floods, windstorm, earth quakes and drought., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 65

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, , The deadliest disaster is drought., , , , The man-made disaster that India witnessed in the last century was the Bhopal Gas, Tragedy of 1984., , , , India faced disasters like Gujarat earthquakes, Mumbai flood, Chennai flood, Tsunami and, flood in Kerala., , , , Death, damage and destruction are the immediate impacts of disasters., , , , Disasters cause damage to life supporting systems., , , , Rehabilitation is an important part of disaster management., , , , The rescue teams should be equipped with the latest technology., , 4 .Gooseberries, , , Gooseberries is a short story by the famous Russian writer Anton Chekhov., , , , Ivan Ivanich and Nicholai Ivanich are brothers., , , , Ivan is a veterinary surgeon and Nicholai was a clerk in government service., , , , But Nicholai's dream was to buy an estate with gooseberry bushes in it., , , , He resigned from his job., , , , He lived like a beggar and saved money to buy the estate., , , , He even married an ugly widow, took her money and starved her to death., , , , Nicholai fulfills his dream,becomes a landlord and enjoys eating gooseberries., , , , Ivan does not agree to his brother's way of life., , , , For Ivan, happiness means doing good things for others., , , , But Ivan realises he has not done anything good in his life., , , , It is too late. He has become old., , , , He prays to God to forgive him., , , , Rain stands for the awareness or the realisation or the spiritual awakening in the life of, Ivan., , , , Gooseberries stand for the dreams of Nicholai., , , , The lesson explains the idea of happiness that differs from person to person., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 66

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5. Going Out for a Walk, , , Going out for a walk is a personal essay by Max Beerbohm., , , , Beerbohm presents himself as a strong opponent of walking., , , , He finds excuses when his friend invites him for a walk but at last he is forced to go., , , , Beerbohm’s objection to walking is that it stops the brain., , , , Some people think that walking is a noble task., , , , Experience taught him that even the intelligent brains become inactive while walking., , , , Thus the walk ends in gossip or reading public notices., , , , Beerbohm is not totally against walking., , , , He is of the opinion that walking is good physically if it is done moderately., , , , He will never prefer to go for a walk without a reason., , 6. The Cyberspace, , , Cyberspace is an intellectual, legal and artificial environment similar to a real estate., , , , There are differences like park land, shopping malls and red light zones., , , , There are areas for information and entertainment., , , , It is an unlimited world of virtual real estate., , , , It is a voluntary destination., , , , There are 3 main areas., 1. Private emails/ chats, 2.Information and entertainment, 3.Real communities, , , , They make rules instead of following it., , , , It should be moderated to avoid unnecessary discussions and advertisements., , , , It is free from power structures., , , , There is no geographical / gender differences., , , , We have freedom to leave it or to love it., , 7 IS SOCIETY DEAD?, , , New generation gets addicted to i-pods, smart phones, other technical devices., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 67

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, , , , , , , , , , These addicts have common traits., They have vacant eyes., They are not social beings., They don’t have connection with outer society., They become isolated., They don't respond to social cues., They miss the sound of nature, cry of a baby, songs of birds., They miss the beauty of outer world., Technology makes them isolated beings., ,  The ear phones disconnect them from outer world., 8. THE CONCEPTUAL FRUIT, , , The new technology helps, enables and equips physically challenged and mentally, retarded people., , , , Greta's father entertains Greta by creating a Greta's street, Greta's house with fruits in, every room., , , , He decorates her room with things of her choice., , , , The story proves that technology provides, refreshment, relaxation,sense of achievement,, confidence, happiness, satisfaction and companionship to people like Greta., , , , It is an additional boon to physically/ mentally challenged people., , Some other, Important, Themes., , Importance of Sleep, Sleep is essential for a healthy way of life., Sleep refreshes our mind., It makes us relaxed., Lack of sleep affects our health., We become tired and weak., We cannot do our daily activities., Sleep is the blessed barrier between day and day., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 68

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It is the mother of fresh thoughts and joyous health, , Health and Walking, Walking helps us to increase our stamina., Walking improves blood circulation., It makes our muscles strong., It increases our vital capacity., , In general, moderate exercise improves the immune system., Over exerting oneself in the name of exercise harms our body., The proper walking technique involves correct posture, stride length, foot placement and foot, length., , Do's in walking:,  Walk briskly.,  Swing your arms while walking.,  Walk on the right side of the road.,  Avoid using mobile phones while walking.,  Use Zebra lines to cross the road., Don't s in walking,  Don't walk too slowly.,  Don't talk while walking.,  Don't drink water while walking.,  Don't walk on the left side.,  Don't use mobile phones while walking., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 69

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Some other, Important, Discourses, 1. Seminar Report., , ABC school conducted a seminar on the topic …………on ………at ………..in the …….., The programme began with prayer by the School Choir., ……….gave the welcome note., ……….. chaired the programme and gave the presidential address ., The seminar was inaugurated by ……………….., ……… delivered the keynote address., Felicitation was offered by …………….., Papers were presented on various topics., It was followed by a discussion/open forum., Vote of thanks was proposed by…………., The programme came to an end at 1 pm., The presence of the eminent personalities enriched the programme., , Question., 1) The Health Club of your school conducts a seminar on “The Importance of Sleep.” You, are asked to present a report of the seminar in the next assembly. Prepare the report., Answer:, Seminar Conducted, ABC school conducted a seminar on the topic “ The Importance of Sleep ” on 25th May at 10 AM, in the school auditorium As we all know, sleep is essential for a healthy life., The programme began with prayer by the school choir. The school leader gave the welcome note., The Principal chaired the programme and gave the presidential address. The seminar was, inaugurated by Dr. Velayudhan and he delivered the keynote address. Papers were presented on, various topics. It was followed by a discussion. Vote of thanks was proposed by the secretary of, Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 70

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the Health Club. The programme came to an end at 1 PM. The presence of the eminent, , personalities enriched the occasion., , 2. Precis Writing, Points to remember:, Précis writing is the art of reconstruction of the sentences in a text without, changing its central theme . You need write the essence of the passage in, your own words., Keep in mind the following while writing précis:,  Don't copy sentences from the original passage,  Be brief and precise.,  Understand the main idea conveyed through the passage.,  Write in your own way.,  Use simple language.,  Find a suitable title.,  Maintain the proportion(1/3), , Question :, Write a precis of the following passage. Give a suitable title., Perhaps one of the questions that we have asked ourselves is what drives a person to become, an actor. Well, it could simply be the desire to stand out. Especially those who want to be in, the limelight and the stage take to acting. Being on stage for the first time may be scary but it, is exciting. Once a person has experienced this, they most often want more. A good actor is, the one who will do anything to make the audience laugh, cry, giggle, angry, happy etc. Their, love for acting makes them who they are and they do not even have to try. Those who love, acting become characters in a performance. Becoming a character is tough, except for those, with excellent imaginations. In a theatre, imagineers are characters in actor's shoes. They, Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 71

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have a high concentration that is not easy to break. In fact good actors imagine themselves to, be their character a week or so before a play., , Answer:, The desire to stand out takes one to acting. A good actor will go to any extent to entertain, his audience. Experience makes them master entertainers. Those who are so passionate, and committed to acting live the life of their characters long before the actual performance., These people have excellent imagination, , Question for Practice., , Write a precis of the following passage. Give a suitable title., The list of creatures that have vanished altogether and others that have almost vanished is, long. As man spread across the earth he has wrought the most terrible havoc among the wild, life, by shooting, trapping, cutting and burning the forest and by the callous and stupid, introduction of enemies where there were no enemies before. All over the world the wild, fauna has been whittled down steadily and remorselessly and many lovely and interesting, animals have been so reduced in numbers that without protection and help they can never reestablish themselves and their numbers will dwindle until they can join the Dodo, Quagga and, the great ask on the long list of extinct animals., , 3. Blog Writing., Common Expressions:, I would like to share my thoughts/reading experience here., I read the lesson/Poem., I watched the film ….., It has a good theme., It is thought provoking., It impressed me/ It shocked me., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 72

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I have no words to express my feelings., This is a must watch/read., , Question., You are much impressed by the poem Wreck of the Titanic by Benjamin Peck Keith. You would like, to share your reading experience with others through a blog. Prepare the blog entry., , Answer:, , The Wreck of the Titanic., September 14, 2021/ Sayan, I read the poem The Wreck of the Titanic by Benjamin Peck Keith. It impressed me. Here I would, like to share my reading experience. It has a good theme. We are impressed by brave words and, deeds of Captain Smith and his team. They saved many lives risking their own. The poem really, celebrates the bravery of Captain Smith .The poet glorifies the courage and honesty of the crew of, the Titanic. It is true that eternal heroes are born out of tragedies and disasters., This is a must read., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 73

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Part VII, Let’s Get Ready for the Examination., Dear Learners,, Hope you are confident to score your best in the English examination. Systematic study is a, must for scoring maximum in the examination., Make sure that you have done the following before reaching the examination hall:,  Study the focus area in detail.,  Go through the other 3 poems.,  Have a general idea of the other prose lessons with a special focus on the lessons of the, first three units.,  Develop your own write-up on the important themes discussed in the lessons.,  Practise the most important 13 discourses .,  Work out the previous years’ public exam question papers.,  Practise writing answers with proper time management,  Be familiar with the type of questions likely to be in the question paper., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 74

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Types of Questions:, , Type of questions, , Score, , Length, , of, , your, , Important Topics/Based on, , answer, 1. Qualities of Great personalities., , 2.Relevance of Gandhian, , Essay Type, , 6 to 8, , About 20 to 25, sentences, , principles., 3.Disaster and Disaster, management, 4.Internet: Advantages and, disadvantages, 5.Travel Essay., 6.How to become ideal citizen., 7.Value of human relationships., 1. Mother’s Love., , 4 to 6, , 2. Importance of confidence, courage, and self-reliance., , Paragraphs/Write-, , Importance of being unique., , About 15 sentences, , ups, , 3.Death as an equaliser, 4.Sleep as a blessing, 5 .Walking is good for health, 6. Happiness from different angles., , Poem annotation, , 3 to 4, , Answer to the point, Poems in the course book, , Prose annotation, , 3 to 4, , Answer to the point, Prose lessons in the course book, , Reading, , 3 to 4, , Answer to the point, A passage that may not be familiar to, , Comprehension, , you, , Questions, Discourses, , 4 to 6, , Answer to the point, , Important Discourses, (Study 14, , important, , discourses, , discussed in the handbook), , Short answer questions 1 to 3, , Answer to the point, , Advice,, , Instructions,, , consolation,, , Congratulation, etc, , Grammar, , 1 to 5, , Answer to the point, , Editing, Reported speech, Passive, voice, If clause, etc, (Go through ‘Grammar Section of the, handbook), , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 75

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Let’s practise answering a question paper given below:, , HSE I, , Higher Secondary Examination 2021, English, , 401, , Maximum: 80 scores, Time: 2.30 Hrs., Cool off Time: 20mts., , General Instructions to Candidates:, . There is a ‘cool off time’ of 20 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2.30 hours., . Total score of this examination is 80., . Candidates can attempt questions of their choice from the options in each section., . You are not allowed to write your answers or to discuss with others during the cool, off time., , (Qns. 1 - 12). Answer any Six of the following. Each question carries 1 score., (6X1=6), , Read the excerpt from The Price of Flowers given below and answer the, questions that follow., " No", I smiled, how could people live there if it were? The girl sighed softly."Mother, says she would like to ask an Indian about these things, if she can find an Indian." The, girl looked at me with eyes full of entreaty., 1. A word in the passage has the meaning 'request'. Identify the word., 2. Whose mother is mentioned here?, Fill in the blanks using the suitable verb given in the brackets., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 76

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3. Psychological rehabilitation along with other rehabilitation works ……..to be given due, importance. (is/ are), 4. The central government with proper coordination with various ministries…...necessary, support to the states. (provide/ provides), , Only the actions of the just, Smell sweet and blossom in their dust., 5. Identify the poet., 6. Identify the figure of speech in 'Smell sweet'., 7 Imagine you are one of the passengers in the ‘Le Horla’ and you would like to thank Captain, Jovis for his brave captaincy. Write a sentence expressing your thanks after the landing of Le, Horla, , Read the excerpt from And then Gandhi Came and answer the questions, given below., He sent us to the villages and the countryside hummed with the activity of, innumerable messengers of the new gospel of action. The peasant was shaken up and, he began to emerge from his shell. The effect on us was different but equally farreaching., 8.Why did Gandhiji send people like Nehru to the villages?, 9. Write down any one of the changes such visits had brought about., , Without Thee what is all the morning wealth?, Come, blessed barrier between day and day,, Dear mother of fresh thoughts and joyous health, 10. Who is addressed in the lines?, 11. Write the figure of speech in the expression ‘blessed barrier.’, 12. How does sleep bless our body and mind?, (Qns. 13 - 18). Answer any 3 of the following. Each question carries 4 score (3x4=12), Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 77

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13 Elaborate the meaning of the lines from the poem Death the Leveller., , The garlands wither on your brow;, Then boast no more your mighty deeds!, Upon Death's purple altar now, See where the victor-victim bleeds, , 14. You decide to send an email to Mr. Gupta after reading the story The Price of Flowers., Draft the email in not more than 60 words., 15. Prepare a character sketch of Miss Jope Smith in The Serang of Ranaganji in not more, than 50 words., 16. Read the newspaper headline given below., Overuse of Mobile Phones Adversely Affects the Youngsters., Do you agree with this? Express your opinion in a short paragraph giving, reasons., 17. Fill in the blanks choosing the correct form of the verb given in the brackets, ., A new star……..(find) in the constellation Aquarius. The planet……..(find) by the astronomers, in California last week. However, more details……. (not give) by the astronomers yet. The, information on the new star…… ( expect ) by the whole world., 18. Your school is conducting a debate on the topic, "Do social networking sites intrude into, one's privacy?" Prepare four arguments for/against the topic., (Qns .19 - 22). Answer any two of the following. Each question carries score 5, (2x5=10), 19. ‘We must accept finite disappointment and never lose infinite hope’, said Martin, , Luther King. How far is the given statement true regarding the character Mrs., Clifford in the story, The Price of Flowers?, 20.Read the news headlines and prepare a news report., Smallpox spreads in Ranaganji, Two dead: More casualties reported., Ranaganji reports smallpox: 2 dead., 21. Prepare a write up on any ritual that is popular in your locality., 22."Do not worry Doctor Sahib, I am strong and it is my work too"., Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 78

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Prepare a character sketch of Hasan in The Serang of Ranaganji., (Qns . 23 - 32). Answer any six of the following. Each question carries 6 score, (6x6=36), , 23. Prepare a short note on the mother Seagull based on your reading of the story His First, Flight by Liam O 'Flaherty., 24. Prepare a profile of Abraham Lincoln from the hints given below., Abraham Lincoln birth- Hodgenville, Kentucky-February 12th 1809-Parents- Thomas, Lincoln and Nancy Hanks- American Statesman- Lawyer- The Great Emancipator-16th, President of US- (1861-65) -preserved the union during Civil War-marriage- Mary Toddpolitical career beginning 1834-assassinated April 15,1865., , 25 Death is a great equalizer. Do you agree? Present your arguments in a short paragraph., 26. Change into reported speech., Bourkin: Last time,when we stopped in Prokofyi's shed, you were going to tell me a story., Ivan: Yes. I wanted to tell you about my brother., 27. Imagine the young boy in the lesson I Will Fly sends a letter to the editor of a newspaper, expressing his concern and the need to reform the education system. Draft the letter., 28. We cannot prevent disasters but we can definitely reduce its impact. How can we ensure, that we are better prepared to face disasters?, 29. You are a reporter of Daily News . Imagine you get a chance to interview Stephen, Hawking, the ‘supernova’ of world physics. Write three questions you may ask him on the, occasion. Include the likely responses too, , 30. As the editor of the school magazine, you are asked to prepare an article motivating the, students on the need to be unique. Based on your reading of the lesson, I will fly by Dr APJ, Abdul Kalam, prepare the article on the topic: ‘Importance of being Unique’, , 31. Prepare a write up on the value of relationships as portrayed in the story The Price of, Flowers., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 79

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32. "A hero is an ordinary person facing extraordinary circumstances and acting with courage, and self sacrifice". In the light of this statement, prepare a write up on the story The Serang, of Ranaganji., ( Qns .33-36). Answer any two of the following. Each question carries 8 score, (2x8=16), 33. You are much impressed by the poem IF and you would like to write an a article to a news, paper on ‘Let’s be Great and ideal citizens.’ Prepare the article, , 34. The teaching of Mahatma Gandhi is of immense importance in the present day Write an, essay on ‘Relevance of Gandian Principles in the Modern World’, 35. Imagine you are assigned the task of delivering a speech in your school assembly. The, topic is A Journey of a 1000 miles begins in a single step .Draft the speech based on your, reading of the lesson His First Flight., ( Hints: Role of parents-role of confidence, courage and self-reliance-support of others –importance of, taking risk ), 36. Read the poem given below and write an appreciation., , Do not stand at my grave and weep, - Elizabeth Frye, Do not stand, By my grave, and weep., I am not there,, I do not sleepI am the thousand winds that blow, I am the diamond greens in snow, I am the sunlight on ripened grain,, I am the gentle, autumn rain., As you awake with morning's hush,, I am the swift, up-flinging rush, Of quiet birds in circling flight,, I am the day transcending night., Do not stand, By my grave and cryI am not,, I did not die., , Vijayabheri, , Malappuram District Panchayat, , Page 80