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Reading and Writing, Skills, Quarter 3 – Module 2:, Properties of a Well-Written Text

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Reading and Writing Skills, Alternative Delivery Mode, Quarter 3 – Module 2: Properties of a Well-Written Text, First Edition, 2020, Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of, the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office, wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such, agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties., Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders., Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their, respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership, over them., Published by the Department of Education, Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones, Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio, Development Team of the Module, Writers: Michelle B. Banca, Desiree D. Vista, Margie A. Papasin, Editors: Shiela Niña L. Rea-Santes, Orven Francis G. De Pedro, Reviewers: Cyril E. Sales, Susana J. Sacatrapos, Loui Grace G. Margallo, Laila R., Maloles, Jonathan H. Marquez, Jhonathan S. Cadavido, Illustrator: Jayson K. Latade, Layout Artists:Victoria P. Gabiano, Mark Joseph O. Torres, Management Team: Regional Director: Wilfredo E. Cabral, CLMD Chief: Job S. Zape Jr., Regional EPS In Charge of LRMS: Eugenio S. Adrao, Regional ADM Coordinator: Elaine T. Balaogan,, Schools Division Superintendents: Daisy Z. Miranda,, Doris DJ. Estalilla, Assistant School Division Superintendent/s: Neil G. Angeles,, Elvira B. Catangay, CID Chief/s: Vincent Emmanuel L. Ilagan, Edna F. Hemedez, Division EPS/s In Charge of LRMS: Henry P. Contemplacion, Jackie, Lou A. Almira, Printed in the Philippines by ________________________, Department of Education – RegionIV-A CALABARZON, Office Address:, Gate 2 Karangalan Village,Barangay San Isidro, Cainta, Rizal 1800, Telefax:, 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487, E-mail Address:, region4a@deped.gov.ph, 2

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Reading and Writing, Skills, Quarter 3 – Module 2:, Properties of a Well-Written Text, , 3

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Introductory Message, For the facilitator:, Welcome to the Reading and Writing Skills Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module, on the Properties of a Well-Written Text!, This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both, from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping, the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming, their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling., This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent, learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help, learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their, needs and circumstances., In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of, the module:, , Notes to the Teacher, This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding, the learners., , As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module., You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage, their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the, learners as they do the tasks included in the module., , For the learner:, Welcome to the Reading and Writing Skills Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module, on the Properties of a Well-Written Text!, The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to, depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create and, accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner, is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and, skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!, This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for, guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to, process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner., , 4

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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:, What I Need to Know, , This will give you an idea of the skills or, competencies you are expected to learn in the, module., , What I Know, , This part includes an activity that aims to, check what you already know about the, lesson to take. If you get all the answers, correct (100%), you may decide to skip this, module., , What’s In, , This is a brief drill or review to help you link, the current lesson with the previous one., , What’s New, , In this portion, the new lesson will be, introduced to you in various ways such as a, story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an, activity or a situation., , What is It, , This section provides a brief discussion of the, lesson. This aims to help you discover and, understand new concepts and skills., , What’s More, , This comprises activities for independent, practice to solidify your understanding and, skills of the topic. You may check the, answers to the exercises using the Answer, Key at the end of the module., , What I Have Learned, , This, includes, questions, or, blank, sentence/paragraph to be filled-in to process, what you learned from the lesson., , What I Can Do, , This section provides an activity which will, help you transfer your new knowledge or skill, into real life situations or concerns., , Assessment, , This is a task which aims to evaluate your, level of mastery in achieving the learning, competency., , Additional Activities, , In this portion, another activity will be given, to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the, lesson learned. This also tends retention of, learned concepts., , Answer Key, , This contains answers to all activities in the, module., , At the end of this module, you will also find:, , 5

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References, , This is a list of all sources used in developing, this module., , The following are some reminders in using this module:, 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the, module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises., 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities, included in the module., 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task., 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers., 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next., 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it., If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not, hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are, not alone., We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and, gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!, , What I Need to Know, Writing, like speaking, is a form of expressing and communicating one’s thoughts, and ideas. When you speak clearly, other people can understand what you are, saying. Likewise, when you write, you have to familiarize yourself with the properties, of a well-written text: organization, coherence and cohesion, language use, and, mechanics. These will serve as your “compass” in weaving your train of thoughts and, connecting one idea to another., This module will help you identify and utilize your writing prowess through your, awareness and application of the properties of a written text. Here, you can also, better appreciate good grammar as fundamental to written communication. More so,, using it on a personal basis can help you express ideas precisely and gain other, people’s respect in whatever you have to say., The module is divided into four lessons, namely:, , , , , , Lesson, Lesson, Lesson, Lesson, , 1, 2, 3, 4, , –, –, –, –, , Organization, Coherence and Cohesion, Language Use, Mechanics, , 6

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After going through this module, you are expected to:, 1. determine the beginning, middle, and end of the story read;, 2. write the episodes of your life from childhood to young adulthood using a, graphic organizer;, 3. organize ideas using proper transitional devices;, 4. construct a coherent and cohesive paragraph;, 5. determine the essence of proper language use in written texts;, 6. evaluate a written text based on the appropriateness of language use;, 7. utilize writing prowess through practice skills in grammar; and, 8. use proper mechanics in writing such as spelling, punctuation, capitalization,, and paragraph development., , What I Know, Read carefully each item before choosing the letter of the best answer. Write the, chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper., 1. “Let me tell you about my experience when I lost myself in an unexpected, situation.” This line is a part of the ___________ of a narrative., A. end, B. middle, C. beginning, D. conclusion, 2. Coherence applies to, A. sentences, B. whole arguments, C. paragraphs, D. phrases, 3. It is one of the properties of a well-written text that means being able to identify, the components of an event in order, such as beginning, middle, and end of a, story or the steps in a science experiment., A. sequencing of events, B. following directions, C. identifying errors, D. organizing ideas, 4. The following are examples of transitional devices that indicate opposition,, limitation and contradiction except for?, A. On the other hand, B. On the contrary, C. Furthermore, D. In spite of, 5. Which of the following is referred to as specialized language used by groups of, like-minded individuals?, A. slang, B. euphemism, C. jargon, D. idiom, 7

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6. Fill in the blank with the connecting word that best joins the two thoughts., Walking, running, and jogging give you energy. ___________ any exercise that, speeds up your heart rate is good., A. Finally, B. In short, C. Therefore, D. In contrast, 7. Which of the following sentences shows the correct usage of a transition signal?, A. Mrs. Vista will accept late homework; however, she will take points off of the, grade., B. The Grade 11 class finished the test early; indeed, they were allowed to read, quietly before the bell., C. Since Donna was the last to leave class, she was the first on the bus., D. No one expected so many people at the evacuation area; furthermore,, we ran out of food., 8. What is the nature of the underlined transition in the given sentence?, “A total lockdown in the entire city had been implemented, so several, businesses stopped operating for a month.”, A. Time, B. Addition, C. Comparison, D. Cause and effect, 9. ‘Vertically challenged’ is what example of language feature?, A. jargon, B. slang, C. idiom, D. euphemism, 10. What is cohesion?, A. Cohesion introduces new ideas in a text., B. A special type of argument used in writing., C. Cohesion is a special type of glue that writers use to make ideas stick together., D. The way in which an author uses sentence structure to make the text more, understandable to the reader., 11. These are certain words or phrases that serve the purpose of connecting two, statements., A. Coherence, B. Cohesion, C. Topic Sentence, D. Cohesive Devices, 12. Which of the following sentences has a precise and clear language?, A. Killer sentenced to die for second time in ten years., B. The movie is a classic example of a horror movie because it incorporates all the, elements of a horror film., C. He is an interesting individual., D. The practice of theory of politics is studied in the classroom but political habits, on campus do not seem to benefit from such labor., 13. What correct end punctuation are you going to use to complete the sentence:, For heaven’s sake Paul, why do you keep on mumbling__, A. period, B. comma, C. exclamation, D. question mark, , 8

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14. Which of the following sentences is asking for information?, A. Marsha, are you joining the class exhibit tour tomorrow?, B. Mr. Pineda, excuse me, are we there yet?, C. Hmmm, I guess, you are not with us, aren’t you?, D. What do you think is the easiest way to get to the train station on time?, 15. It is one of the properties of a well-written text that means being able to describe, the technical aspects of writing which focuses more on the specificity and clarity, for words that you use – spelling, punctuation, capitalization, etc., A. mechanics, B. organization, C. language use, D. coherence and cohesion, , Lesson, , 1, , Organization, , Arranging our thoughts to deliver a purposeful message is essential in all forms of, communication. This is clearly evident among written texts, which are supposed to, be well-organized, coherent and cohesive, using proper language and mechanically, neat., In this lesson, we will focus on the essence of organization. Thus, later, you are, expected to determine the beginning, middle, and end of a story, and to write the, episodes of your life from childhood to young adulthood using a graphic organizer., , What’s In, In the previous lesson, you learned that persuasion is one of the patterns of written, text. A persuasive text can be an argument, exposition, discussion, review, or even, an advertisement., Can you still remember the following guide questions in constructing a persuasive, text?, 1. What is the issue?, 2. What is your position or opinion?, 3. What is the opposing position/opinion?, 4. What are some reasons for your position/opinion?, 5. What are some cases or examples that support this?, Notice that the guides are made in a specified order that will help clarify your, thoughts and encourage your readers to either believe in your opinion or do, something based on your claims. This is the power of organization in writing texts, well., 9

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What’s New, Are you familiar with Star Cinema’s “Seven Sundays”? This local movie features, famous celebrities like Aga Muhlach, Dingdong Dantes, Cristine Reyes, Enrique Gil,, and Ronaldo Valdez. Inside the succeeding text boxes are three different situations, from the movie. Read and analyze each event to determine which comes first, next, and last., , 1, , When the four children learned about the bad news that, their father was diagnosed of a lung cancer, they at once, decided to pay their father a visit by sleeping overnight, under the same roof., , 2, , The widowed father of the Bonifacio family, Manuel, was, diagnosed with lung cancer by the family physician. What, saddened Manuel was the doctor’s prediction that he had, only about two months or roughly “seven weeks” to live., , 3, , After his birthday with his nephew Jun (because no one, among his children showed up), Tatay Manuel received a, call from the family doctor telling him of the good news –, that he was not terminally ill., , Tatay Manuel Bonifacio, a father of four announced to his, family that he would die soon. After celebrating his birthday, with his nephew Jun (because no one among his children, showed up), Tatay Manuel received a call from the family, doctor telling him of the good news – that he was not, How do youterminally, think are the, ill. scenes arranged in the movie?, , Complete the following:, Event # ___ is the beginning because ______________________________________., Event # ___ is the middle because _________________________________________., Event # ___ is the ending because _________________________________________., , 10

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What is It, A well-organized piece of writing is not only clear but also logical and aesthetic., Existence of organizational markers and coherent flow of ideas are typically the focus, in evaluation of writing (Dayagbil 2016, 63-64)., In writing a story or an essay, it is necessary for students like you to identify the, sequence of events from the beginning to the end because a strong organization, comprises proper paragraphing and logical order of presentation of ideas., You are introduced to this lesson by sequencing events to help you understand how, to organize your understanding of the text or story, then later, to apply it in your own, composition., , Notes to the Teacher, You may cite different movies, stories or texts from other, disciplines to let your students creatively present the, sequence of events. Additional points may also be given to, the learner with the most interesting and unique, presentation., , What’s More, , Read the excerpt of the film review lifted from (Lionheartv.net 2017). Then, record, the sequence of events on a graphic organizer., MOVIE REVIEW: “SEVEN SUNDAYS” (excerpt), Star Cinema’s “Seven Sundays” revolves around the story of Bonifacio, family, whose patriarch, Manuel, (Ronaldo Valdez) is diagnosed with a, terminal illness. Seeing the family he built with his now deceased-wife,, falling apart, Manuel has only one dying wish: see his four children, , 11

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together again and reconnected, happy and looking for each other, like, when they were still kids., But time and distance have taken a great toll on his children’s, relationships which have been mostly strained by insecurities and, pride among them., His eldest, Allan (Aga Mulach), is a struggling father trying to make, ends meet for his own family. Bryan (Dingdong Dantes), the middle, child, who in spite of being the most successful, harbors bitterness, towards Allan, whom he thinks has remained his father’s favorite. Cha, (Cristine Reyes), now a mother of three, tries to hide her, malfunctioning marriage, and Dexter (Enrique Gil), the youngest,, keeps himself distant from the family he thinks abandoned him., They are forced to reconcile under the same roof, and as they try to, grant their dying father’s wish, a recollection of their history and some, assessment of where they are and have gone as a family, are inevitably, ensued., But Dingdong Dantes has arguably emerged as the strongest, performer. There is a powerful exchange of accusations and revelation, of insecurities among the siblings, where Bryan bares his bitter, struggle to prove himself and his worth in the family., Enrique Gil’s Dexter has practically the same baggage. He struggles to, connect to the members of his family whom he feels left him when he, was in need of someone to guide him through growing up. As, anticipated, every member of the family has to survive the pains of, growing up, but it is growing apart that proves to be more damaging, to the Bonifacio family, and it is more evident in Dexter., But then, all these characters radiate around Manuel, played by, Ronaldo Valdez, who has singularly maintained his dramatic genius, throughout the film. His struggle as a father trying to keep the, foundations of his already rattled family makes his character, accessible, hence it emerges as the most relatable element of the film., For what it’s worth, while “Seven Sundays” struggles to abandon the, conventions of its genre, this Cathy Garcia-Molina-helmed family, drama turns out to be actually memorable. Its utter earnestness to, relate a familiar story moves the film to levels that are bracing enough, to capture audience and tug at their heartstrings. With its poignant, sentiments about family, it hits right in the heart, and for that, “Seven, Sundays” is exceptional., , On a separate sheet of paper, use the graphic organizer to show the order of events, recounted in the film review., , 12

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Timeline Organizer, BEGINNING, , MIDDLE, , ENDING, , What I Have Learned, Complete the following statements for you to remember the most essential takeaways, from the lesson:, , , , , A well-organized piece of writing ___________, ____________ and ___________., In writing a story or an essay, it is necessary to identify the ___________ of, events from the beginning to the end., A strong organization comprises proper ________________ and logical _________, of presenting ideas, , What I Can Do, Using a graphic organizer, write an episode of your life by providing events beginning, from childhood to young adulthood. Provide a catchy title for your story., Title: ____________________________________________________________________________, Date, , Event, , 13

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Additional Activities, Write a three-to-five paragraph essay about the episodes of your life, using the, events that you recorded on the table beginning from childhood to young, adulthood. Be guided by the following criteria., CRITERIA, , YOUR, SCORE, , Completeness (5), Did you write to the prompt? Did you write, enough? Was your story complete?, Content (5), Did your story have a beginning, middle and, end?, Language (5), Did you use clear and thoughtful language?, Did you use the events as reflected in the, episodes of your life?, Formatting/Organization (5), Is your story broken up into paragraphs?, TOTAL, , 14, , TEACHER’S, SCORE

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Lesson, , 2, , Coherence and Cohesion, , One of the most important elements in writing is the form or structure. Without a, solid structure in place, the content you have gathered would fall apart. After, sequencing the events in your paragraph – a group of related sentences that leads to, a single topic or idea, it is time to get on to unifying your writing., In this lesson, we will focus on structuring an effective paragraph through coherence, and cohesion. Thus, you are later expected to organize ideas using proper, transitional devices and eventually construct a coherent and cohesive paragraph., , What’s In, In the previous lesson, you have learned that organization plays an important role in, developing a well-written text. It is also known as arrangement and is achieved when, ideas are logically and accurately arranged with focus on the sequence of ideas,, incidents, evidence, or details in a definite order in a paragraph, essay, or speech., After learning this property of a well-written text, it is important to interconnect it to, other properties of text: coherence and cohesion., , What’s New, Set A. Number the sentences to form a well-structured paragraph., _____A. I knew that we will go to their house to celebrate her birthday but during that, time, I was still in our school because of my training for campus journalism., _____B. I talked to her and said sorry for what I had done and I explained my reasons, for not attending her birthday. At last, I was still thankful to her for understanding, my situation., _____C. It was 2:00 o'clock in the afternoon when Angelita called me over the phone, and said that she was waiting for me at 7/11 store together with our other friends., _____D. It's hard for me to choose what should I prioritize but I ended up staying in, school., _____E. On the next day, I saw her inside our room and it seemed that she did not, want to look at me., Set B. Combine the sentences in each set into two clear sentences. Add a transitional, word or phrase to the second to show how it relates to the first. Here is an example., , , Retirement should be the reward for a lifetime of work., 15

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, , , It is widely viewed as a sort of punishment., It is a punishment for growing old., , Sample combination:, , Retirement should be the reward for a lifetime of work., Instead, it is widely viewed as a sort of punishment for, growing old., , Now, it’s your turn!, , , , , There are differences in English performance between boys and girls., These differences cannot be attributed simply to differences in innate ability., If one were to ask the children themselves, they would probably disagree., , What is It, , In arranging the sentences in the first activity, we consider coherence or the, connection of the succeeding sentences to the topic sentence. Meanwhile, in the, second activity, we make use of cohesive or transitional devices to link the first, sentence to the second., Coherence and cohesion are two basic features that facilitate textual continuity., Basically, coherence refers to the rhetorical aspects of your writing, which include, developing and supporting your argument (e.g. thesis statement development),, synthesizing and integrating readings, organizing and clarifying ideas., Coherence means the connection and organization of ideas in a text to create unity., , To achieve coherence, every good paragraph must have UNITY or oneness of idea., Sentences in a paragraph are unified and directed by a topic sentence., On the other hand, cohesion in writing means unifying ideas by binding words,, phrases, sentences and paragraphs, thus, show relationships and smooth “text flow”., While coherence focuses on the overall (macro) structure of the essay, cohesion, is more specific. It pays attention to links between words and sentences., 16

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To achieve good cohesion, you need to know how to use cohesive devices, certain, words or phrases that serve the purpose of connecting two statements, usually by, referring back to what you have previously written or said, Here is a chart of the transitional devices (also called conjunctive adverbs or adverbial, conjunctions) accompanied with a simplified definition of function., addition, , again, also, and, and then, equally important, finally, first, further,, furthermore, in addition, in the first place, last, moreover, next,, second, still, too, comparison also, in the same way, likewise, similarly, concession granted, naturally, of course, contrast, although, yet, at the same time, but at the same time, despite that,, even so, even though. for all that, however, in contrast, is spite of,, instead, nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary, on the other, hand, otherwise, regardless, still, though, emphasis, certainly, indeed, in fact, of course, example/, after all, as an illustration, even, for example, for instance, for, illustration conclusion, indeed, in fact, in other words, in short, it is true,, namely, specifically, that is, to illustrate, thus, truly, summary, all in all, altogether, as has been said, finally, in brief, in conclusion,, in other words, in particular, in short, in simpler terms, in summary,, on the whole, that is, therefore, to summarize, , What’s More, For items 1-3, combine each pair of sentences by changing one sentence to a, subordinate clause. Use an appropriate subordinating conjunction to link the ideas., Sample:, Answer:, , I got tired. It was so late., I got tired because it was so late., , 1. I was studying my lesson. I heard a loud crash in the next room., 2. I pulled the blankets on my bed. I was afraid., 3. I finally got up from where I was sitting. I heard the cat’s meow., For items 4-5, continue the story by completing the sentences., 4. I went to get a broom so that _________________________________., 5. I did not get very much sleep that night because __________________., , What I Have Learned, , 17

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Using a Venn diagram, write the similarities and differences between coherence and, cohesion., , cohesion, , coherence, , What I Can Do, On a draft paper, jot down all your ideas about the word happiness. Decide how to, organize them by observing coherence and cohesion in writing your paragraph. Then,, review the draft and check on your use of cohesive ties before writing your second, drafts., CRITERIA, , YOUR, RATING, , Content (5), Did your story have a beginning, middle and end?, Completeness (5), Did you write to the prompt?, Did you write enough?, Was your story complete?, Language (5), Did you use clear and thoughtful language?, Did you use transitional devices?, Did you use the events as reflected in the episodes, of your life?, Formatting/Organization (5), Is your story broken up into paragraphs?, TOTAL, , 18, , TEACHER’S, RATING

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Notes to the Teacher, The teacher may let the students choose their own topic to write, about if they feel it difficult to start with the given topic., , Additional Activities, Rewrite the paragraph below by organizing the flow of ideas. Make sure that the links, are made clear between each point., One of my favorite books is entitled “Me Before You”. It’s written by Jojo, Moyes. It has a movie adaptation that was directed by Thea Sharrock. The movie, adaptation and the written book show similarities and differences. The plot of the, book and the movie are completely the same. The catch in some parts of the book, are not in the movie. The movie adaptation catches the gist of the book’s story., Regarding emotions, both the book and movie justify the tragic ending of the, story. I was more moved to the movie adaptation. I can clearly see the scene with, a good background, the emotion of the character portrayed by the actors, and I, can clearly hear the dialogues. Both are enjoying but I was more satisfied with, the book. It’s very detailed. The movie can offer you the whole package without, the sense of curiosity. If I were to choose between its published book and movie, adaptation, I would choose the book. Books can be a wild curious journey of the, reader or traveler., , 19

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Lesson, , 3, , Language Use, , Now that you already know the importance of organization, coherence and cohesion, in creating a well-written text, let’s move on to another significant factor that a writer, should consider – the language use., In this lesson, you are expected to determine the essence of proper language use in, written texts and, later, to evaluate a written text based on the appropriateness of, language use., , What’s In, Before we proceed to the role of language use in well-written texts, answer, the following questions first:, , , , , Would it be enough to just consider organization, coherence and cohesion in, writing?, How would improper use of language affect the message of a written text?, Why is language as significant as organization, coherence and cohesion in, developing a well-written text?, , Notes to the Teacher, Let the students give their insights on the questions posted above., Let them realize how important language use is in writing a text., , 20

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What’s New, Study the conversation of three students, during the first day of school., Identify which is very formal, formal, and informal?, , What is It, Writing is a rigorous activity. No matter how good and substantial the content of a, document is, if it’s not carefully written as to how you, as the writer, would like to, present it to your readers, your purpose will not be served wisely. Hence, you have, to bear in mind that aside from considering the organization of your ideas and the, coherence and cohesion of your sentences and paragraphs, you also have to regard, the style, tone and clarity of your writing. On this note, you are responsible to choose, the appropriate language to be used and to regard the objective of the writing, the, context in which it was written and the target audience in mind., There are five major issues with appropriate language that should be avoided in an, effective and well-written text, as identified by (Purdue Online Writing Lab 2020):, First, the formality of the language one uses should depend on how formal the, situation is and how the writer and the reader are related to one another., Second, jargons or specialized language used by groups of individuals in the, same field, should only be used if the target readers belong to the same group., Third, slangs and idioms should be avoided. Slangs are words, phrases, or, expressions that do not literally mean what they express (like “frenemy” to, describe someone who is both a friend and an enemy) while idioms or, expressions whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual, word it contains (like “to kill two birds at one stone”, which means to get two, things done with a single action., Fourth, euphemisms or words that veil the truth shall also be avoided., Examples of which are “virtually challenged” for someone who is short;, “passed away” instead of died, and other deceitful language., Fifth, avoid using any biased language including those associated with any, racial, ethnic, group, or gender., 21

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Hence, an effective language can be characterized as:, , , , , , , Concrete and specific, not vague and abstract, Concise, not verbose, Precise and clear, not obscure, Constructive, not destructive, Appropriately formal, not slang, , What’s More, Clip an article from a magazine, journal or newspaper that is related to your, strand or specialization. Evaluate its language use by answering the following:, Guide Questions, , Yes or, No?, , Evidence/Justific, ation, , Is the article appropriately formal?, Are there jargons?, Are there idiomatic expressions?, Are there euphemisms and other deceitful words?, Is there any bias in language use?, Are the ideas presented in the text concrete and, specific?, Is the article concise?, Are the ideas presented precisely and clearly?, Is there any suggestion you can give to improve the language use in your chosen, article?, __________________________________________________________________________________, __________________________________________________________________________________, , What I Have Learned, Complete the sentences below:, , 1. A well-written text is/has_________________________________________., 2. Language use should be considered when writing a text because if not,, _________________________________________________________________., , 3. As a writer, I will ________________________________________________., , 22

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What I Can Do, , Now that you already learned the importance of language use in achieving an effective, and well-written text, it’s now time for you to utilize this property in your writing, task., Supposed that you are an animal enthusiast. Write a letter of appeal addressed to, the local government to take legal action against human activities that endanger, wildlife in your locality. Please be guided by the scoring rubric below., , 4, , 3, , 2, , 1, , Parts of the, business letter, are complete., , One part of the, business letter is, missing., , Two parts of the, business letter are, missing., , The argument/s, presented is/are, precise, clear and, supported by, facts and details., , The argument/s, presented is/are, precise and clear, but not completely, supported by facts, and details., The writer used, constructive,, unbiased language, and some informal, language used., The writer used, one jargon/slang/, idiomatic, expressions/, euphemisms/other, deceitful language., , The argument/s, presented is/are, not precise and, unclear but, supported by facts, and details., The writer used, constructive yet, unbiased and, informal language., , Three or more, parts of the, business letter are, missing., The argument/s, presented is/are, not precise and, unclear and, supported by, opinions., The writer used, destructive,, unbiased and, informal language., , The writer used, two, jargons/slang/, idiomatic, expressions/, euphemisms/other, deceitful language., , The writer used, three or more, jargons/slang/, idiomatic, expressions/, euphemisms/other, deceitful language., , There are few, grammatical, errors., , There are some, grammatical, errors., , There are many, grammatical, errors., , The writer used, constructive,, unbiased and, formal language., The writer did not, use, jargon/slang/, idiomatic, expression/, euphemism/other, deceitful, language., There are no to, grammatical, errors., , 23

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Additional Activities, Write a three-paragraph expository essay about one of the given topics below. Make, sure to consider organization, coherence and cohesion, and language use. Please be, guided by the scoring rubric., , 1., 2., 3., 4, Writing shows, high degree of, attention to logic, and reasoning of, points. Unity, clearly leads the, reader to the, conclusion and, stirs thought, regarding the, topic., The idea/s, presented is/are, precise, clear and, supported by, facts and details., The writer used, constructive,, unbiased and, formal language., The writer did not, use, jargon/slang/, idiomatic, expression/, euphemism/other, deceitful, language., There are no to, little grammatical, errors., , How can pets make you happy and improve your life?, How to keep a virus – free environment?, Why do you want to pursue your desired career?, 3, Writing is coherent, and logically, organized with, transitions used, between ideas and, paragraphs to, create coherence., Overall unity of, ideas is present., , 2, Writing is coherent, and logically, organized. Some, points remain, misplaced and, stray from the, topic. Transitions, evident but not, used throughout, essay., , 1, Writing lacks, logical, organization. It, shows some, coherence but, ideas lack unity., Serious errors., , The idea/s, presented is/are, precise and clear, but not completely, supported by facts, and details., The writer used, constructive,, unbiased language, and some informal, language used., The writer used, one jargon/slang/, idiomatic, expressions/, euphemisms/other, deceitful language., , The idea/s, presented is/are, not precise and, unclear but, supported by facts, and details., The writer used, constructive yet, unbiased and, informal language., , The idea/s, presented is/are, not precise and, unclear and, supported by, opinions., The writer used, destructive,, unbiased and, informal language., , The writer used, two, jargons/slang/, idiomatic, expressions/, euphemisms/other, deceitful language., , The writer used, three or more, jargons/slang/, idiomatic, expressions/, euphemisms/other, deceitful language., , There are few, grammatical, errors., , There are some, grammatical, errors., , There are many, grammatical, errors., , 24

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Lesson, , 4, , Mechanics, , In this lesson, you will utilize your writing prowess through practice skills in, grammar. You are also expected to learn the mechanics in writing such as spelling,, punctuation, capitalization, and paragraphs in explaining a position in an essay., , What’s In, We are almost done with the properties of a well-written text. Before we proceed to, the last one, can you name the first three properties?, Let us recall each of the previously learned properties by classifying the words or, phrases inside the word pool. Write your answers on their respective sheets of paper, below., , ORGANIZATION, , COHERENCE &, COHESION, , LANGUAGE USE, , Now, that you have learned how to arrange your ideas, link your sentences and, paragraphs, and use appropriate language, you are now ready to apply mechanical, neatness in your written text. This refers to how you will adhere to acceptable, grammar and other rules in writing., , 25

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What’s New, Read the letter below. Identify all errors by placing the correct capitalization and, punctuations, correcting misspelled words, and writing the sentences in paragraph, form., 233 sitioibaba,, brgy. santisimososario, sanpablocitylaguna, 24 august 2020, ms.kasumiwatanabe, gems and jewels inc, sta. cruzlaguna, dear miss Salazar, i attended your career planning workshop at the trace collage libraery on, 15 december 2018, your presentation was just what I needed too organized myself Would it, be possible for you, to send me copies of your resume-writing guidelynes the worksheet, and the sample Unfortunately you ran out of this handouts before you, gotto me, sincerely, menard b bancajr, , Were you able to identify and correct the errors? Do you think an employer will feel, bad about receiving such letter from a job applicant or from an employee? Is it of, utmost importance to adhere to proper grammar and apply appropriate text, formatting?, If you answer yes in all of these questions, then you agree that mechanics is another, essential property of a well-written text., , What is It, Generally, mechanics is essential in all types of writing because it describes the, technical aspects of writing. It also serves as a road sign to guide learners like you, , 26

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on how to use words appropriately in terms of conventions such as spelling,, punctuation, capitalization, and others., Consider this example:, I can never forget my class last school year because they were so, active and responsible in class they always worked together well in doing, their assignments performing group and individual tasks submitting their, projects on time keeping the classroom spic and span., They are worth remembering for everything that they did inside and, outside the campus they always helped one another they seldom got, themselves in conflict with anyone in the class., It is apparent that the above example is quite difficult to read because of the lack of, two important conventions: punctuations and capitalization. In addition, you cannot, easily understand the message it sends across its readers. If we put appropriate, punctuations, it could be read in this way:, , My class is worth remembering. They were so active and responsible., They always worked together well in doing their assignments, performing, group and individual tasks, submitting their projects on time, and keeping, the classroom spic and span., Everything that they did inside and outside the campus was worth, remembering. They always helped one another. Also, they seldom got, themselves in conflict with anyone in the class., , The second paragraph is easier to read and understand. Through applying proper, mechanics in writing, you can facilitate better transfer of message in your written, text. You will never be lost as long as you keep in mind and follow the basic rules of, subject-verb agreement, capitalization, punctuations, paragraphing, and even, spelling., , Notes to the Teacher, For additional reading assignment, please visit the following, pages:, , , , “A Brief History of Punctuation,” article from about.com, “Brief Overview of Punctuation,” article from Purdue’s, Online Writing Lab (OWL), , 27

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What’s More, , Add the correct end punctuation to complete each sentence., 1. What is the name given to the 2019 novel corona virus, 2. People of all ages can be infected by the new coronavirus-2019-nCoV, 3. Take steps to protect yourselves from the virus, like following good, respiratory hygiene., 4. What a terrible and dangerous disease is COVID-19, Write three sentences about COVID-19. Make sure to apply proper mechanics in, writing., 5. Declarative Sentence: ___________________________________________, 6. Interrogative Sentence: __________________________________________, 7. Imperative Sentence: _______________________________________________, 8. Exclamatory Sentence: _________________________________________________, , What I Have Learned, Write your insights about the quote from Terry Pratchett:, “Let grammar, punctuation, and spelling into your life! Even the most, energetic and wonderful mess has to be turned into sentences.”, , What I Can Do, A famous American writer and orator, Frederick Douglas, once said, “Once you learn, to read, you will be forever free.” Douglas meant that reading gives you the freedom, to explore the world and bring that world into a new dimension of learning and, discovery. Do you mainly agree or disagree with him? What are some of the effects of, reading such as books, newspapers, magazines, and even e-books on our lives? Are, these effects mainly negative, positive, or both?, Explain your position in an essay of five paragraphs. Use specific examples to, support your view. Observe the mechanics in writing and be guided by the following, criteria:, , 28

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CRITERIA, , MY, PERSONAL, RATING, , MY, TEACHER’S, EVALUATION, , Completeness (5), Did you write to the prompt?, Did you write enough?, Was your essay complete?, Content (5), Did your story have a beginning, middle and, end?, Language (5), Did you use clear and thoughtful language?, Did you use transitional devices?, Did you use specific examples to support your, view?, Formatting/Organization (5), Is your story broken up into paragraphs?, TOTAL, , Additional Activities, Create a short (3-to-5 minute) vlog about the importance of mechanics in written, texts. You may choose to have it uploaded in any social media platform or just send, it via email or private message. Be guided by the following criteria:, CRITERIA, , YOUR, SCORE, , Content (5), Did the vlog include topics on grammar,, capitalization, punctuation, spelling and, paragraphing?, Speech and Grammar (5), Does the vlogger speak fluently?, Is there any grammatical error?, Video Quality (5), Is the video well-recorded and framed?, Is it digitally enhanced and cohesive?, Sound Quality, Is the sound clear and understandable?, Is the volume appropriate?, TOTAL, , 29, , TEACHER’S, SCORE

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Assessment, Read carefully each item before choosing the letter of the best answer. Write the, chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper., 1. It is one of the properties of a well-written text that means being able to identify, the components of an event in order, such as beginning, middle, and end of a story, or the steps in a science experiment., A. sequencing of events, B. following directions, C. identifying errors, D. organizing ideas, 2. It is one of the properties of a well-written text that means being able to describe, the technical aspects of writing which focuses more on the specificity and clarity for, words that you use – spelling, punctuation, capitalization, etc., A. mechanics, B. organization, C. language use, D. coherence and cohesion, 3. Fill in the blank with the connecting word that best joins the two thoughts., Walking, running, and jogging give you energy. ___________ any exercise that speeds, up your heart rate is good., A. Finally, B. In short, C. Therefore, D. In contrast, 4. “Let me tell you about my experience when I lost myself in an unexpected, situation.” This line is a part of the ___________ of a narrative., A. end, B. middle, C. beginning, D. conclusion, 5. Coherence applies to, A. sentences, B. whole arguments, C. paragraphs, D. all of the above, 6. What is cohesion?, A. Cohesion introduces new ideas in a text., B. A special type of argument used in writing., C. Cohesion is a special type of glue that writers use to make ideas stick, together., D. The way in which an author uses sentence structure to make the text more, understandable to the reader., , 30

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7. These are certain words or phrases that serve the purpose of connecting two, statements., A. Coherence, B. Cohesion, C. Topic Sentence, D. Cohesive Devices, 8. Which of the following sentences shows the correct usage of a transition signal?, A. Mrs. Vista will accept late homework; however, she will take points off of the, grade., B. The Grade 11 class finished the test early; indeed, they were allowed to read, quietly before the bell., C. Since Donna was the last to leave class, she was the first on the bus., D. No one expected so many people at the evacuation area; furthermore, we ran, out of food., 9. What is the nature of the underlined transition in the given sentence?, “A total lockdown in the entire city was implemented, so several businesses, had stopped operating for a month.”, A. Time, B. Addition, C. Comparison, D. Cause and effect, 10. Which of the following sentences has a precise and clear language?, A. Killer sentenced to die for second time in ten years., B. The movie is a classic example of a horror movie because it incorporates all, the elements of a horror film., C. He is an interesting individual., D. The practice of theory of politics are studied in the classroom but political, habits on campus do not seem to benefit from such labor., 11. The following are examples of transitional devices that indicate opposition,, limitation and contradiction except for?, A. On the other hand, B. furthermore, C. On the contrary, D. in spite of, 12. What correct end punctuation are you going to use to complete the sentence:, For heaven’s sake Paul, why do you keep on mumbling__, A. period, B. comma, C. exclamation, D. question mark, 13. ‘Vertically challenged’ is what example of language feature?, A. jargon, B. slang, C. idiom, D. euphemism, , 31

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14. Which of the following is referred to as specialized language used by groups of, like-minded individuals?, A. slang, B. euphemism, C. jargon, D. idiom, 15. Which of the following sentences is asking for an information?, A. Marsha, are you joining the class exhibit tour tomorrow?, B. Mr. Pineda, excuse me, are we there yet?, C. Hmmm, I guess, you are not with us, aren’t you?, D. What do you think is the easiest way to get to the train station on time?, , 32

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Answer Key, , What I Know, 1. C, 2. C, 3. A, 4. C, 5. C, 6. C, 7. A, 8. D, 9. D, 10.C, 11.D, 12.B, 13.D, 14.D, 15.A, , Lesson 1, What's More, BEGINNING, The story starts when Manuel,, the patriarch of the Bonifacio, family is diagnosed with a lung, cancer., , MIDDLE, Despite all the struggles that, beset his four children, they, decided to stay in one roof to, grant their father’s dying wish., END, With the financial assistance of, Bryan, the richest among all, four siblings, the family’s, business, is, saved, from, bankruptcy and they all live in, harmony and love., , Lesson 2, What's More, I., 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., , when, because, after, answer varies, answer varies, , II., , b., c., d., e., f., , 4, 1, 3, 5, 2, , a., , Lesson 3, What's New, 6. Cockatoo, 7. Visayan, Wrinkled, Hornbill, 8. Crocodile, 9. Flying Lemur, 10.Tamaraws, 11.Tarsier, 12.Dugong, 13.Eagle, , Lesson 4, What's More, 1., 2., 3., 4., , ?, ., ., !, , For nos. 4-8, answers, vary., , 33, , Assessment, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., , A, A, C, C, C, C, D, A, D, B, C, D, D, C, D