Page 1 : BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION, CLASS: XI, , Classification of organism starts from the ancient period itself. Aristotle the Father of, Biology classifieds plants into herbs, shrubs and trees based on their size and shape. He, also classified animals in two groups- red blooded and non-blooded. But this classification, , changes year after year., , Taxonomy ;, It is the science of classification that deals with identification and naming of organisms., , Carolus Linnaeus is known as the Father of Taxonomy. His famous books are “Species, Plantarum” (Plants) and “Systema Naturae” (animals)., , Two — Kingdom Classification, It was proposed by Carl Linnaeus. He classified the whole living organisms into two major, , groups — Kingdom Pianate ( immobiie, autotrophs), Kingdom Animalia.(mobile,heterotrophs)He introduced this classification based on two, criteria — mobility and nutrition., , De-merits, , We cannot place mushrooms because they are immobile and heterotrophic., , We cannot place Euglena because they are motile and autotrophic., , There is no idea about viruses., , Here primitive prokaryotes and advanced eukaryotes are placed together., , Five Kingdom Classifications, It was proposed by R.H Whittaker. He introduced this classification based on the following, , criteria., , Complexity of cell structure — prokaryotes or Eukaryotes., Complexity of organism’s body — uni - cellular or multi cellular., Mode of nutrition — Heterotrophs or Autotrophs., , Mode of reproduction, phylogenetic relationship etc., , Whittaker classified the living organisms into five major kingdoms., They are:, , Kingdom Monera: It includes unicellular prokaryotes with both autotrophic and heterotrophic, nutrition. It is the only prokaryotic kingdom in five kingdom classification. eg: Bacteria,, Cyanobacteria, , Kingdom Protista: It includes unicellular eukaryotes with both autotrophic and heterotrophic, nutrition. Eg: - Euglena, Paramecium etc., , Kingdom Fungi: It include multicellular (except yeast) eukaryotes with heterotrophic nutrition, specially saprophytic. eg: mushroom, , Kingdom Plantae: It includes multicellular eukaryotes with autotrophic nutrition., , Kingdom Animalia: It includes multicellular eukaryotes with heterotrophic nutrition., Mushrooms are placed in separate Kingdom Fungi., , Unicellular eukaryotes like Euglena are placed in kingdom protista., , The primitive prokaryotes are separated from all other eukaryotes., , It is based on three well known criteria.