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XI BIOLOGY, , MAURYA SCIENCE ACADEMY, CHAPTER NO.4, , KINGDOM ANIMALIA, , , CRITERIA FOR ANIMAL CLASSIFICATION:, , 1. Number of Germ layers: In multicellular organisms, after, fertilization zygote forms. Zygote undergoes repeated cell division, [mitosis] and forms mass of cells. The mass of cells forms germinal, layers i.e. ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. These germinal layers, form tissues. From tissues organs are developed .From organs, system, developed. All system forms a complete body of an organism., a. Diploblastic animals: The animals made up of two germinal layers, i.e. ectoderm and endoderm is called as diploblastic animals., Ectoderm and endoderm are separated by mesogloea. Mesogloea is, non living jelly like substance which separates ectoderm and, endoderm., o Example: Phylum Cnideria /Coelenterata., , b. Triploblastic animals: The animals made up of three germinal layers, i.e. ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm called as triploblastic animals., o Example: Phylum Platyhelminthes, Aschelminthes, Annelida,, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Hemichordata and all, chordates., , 2. Animal body plan:, , 1 KINGDOM ANIMALIA, , I SIGN OUT BY DR. VIRESH SHELKE

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XI BIOLOGY, , MAURYA SCIENCE ACADEMY, , a. Cell aggregate plan: In this plan, cells do not form tissues or organs, and no nervous co ordination present., o Example: Phylum Porifera, b. Blind sac body plan: In this plan, digestive cavity with a single, opening present which acts as mouth as well as anus., o Example: Phylum Cnideria, c. Tube with in tube body plan: In this plan, digestive cavity/system is, complete i.e mouth and anus present at opposite side., o Example: Phylum Annelida to hemichordata and all chordates, 3. Body symmetry: Similarity in shape, size and number of parts on, the opposite sides of median line is called as body symmetry., , a. Asymmetrical animals: The animals in which body can not be, divided into two equal parts/halves by any plane., o Example: Sponges[Porifera] and Snails[mollusca], b. Radially symmetrical animals: The animals in which body can be, cut into two similar parts/halves in a number of planes., o Example: Hydra[Cnideria],Starfish[Echinodermata], c. Bilaterally symmetrical animals: The animals in which body can, be divided into two similar parts/halves in a median /vertical plane, only, o Example: Fish [Pisces] ,Frog [Amphibians], 4. Body cavity/Coelom: The space between body wall and alimentary, canal is called as coelom. Coelom formed by splitting of mesoderm., , a. Acoelomates: The animals in which coelom is absent called as, Acoelomates. The space filled by parenchymatous tissue., 2 KINGDOM ANIMALIA, , I SIGN OUT BY DR. VIRESH SHELKE

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MAURYA SCIENCE ACADEMY, , XI BIOLOGY, , o Example: Platyhelminthes, b. Pesudocoelomates: The animals in which false body cavity present, called as pesudocoelomates. The coelom lined by patches of, mesodermal cells, o Example: Phylum Aschelminthes, c. Coelomates: The animals in which true body cavity present called as, coelomates. In coelomates, mesoderm splits into outer and inner, layer. The outer layer forms inner lining of body wall and inner layer, forms outer covering of alimentary canal. In non-chordates, coelom, filled with coelomic fluid. [Cockroach: Haemocoel (blood in coelom)], o Example: Phylum Annelida to hemichordata and all chordates, 5. Body segmentation/Metamerism: The series of successive units, arranged along a length of body is known as body segmentation., o Example: Phylum Annelida and Arthropoda, , 6. Body support: The external and internal framework which supports, body called as skeleton. Skeleton is of two types:, a. Exoskeleton: External frame work of body: wings nails, claws, b. Endoskeleton: Internal framework of body: Bones, cartilage, , , , Non-Chordates:, , Absence of notochord & without, vertebral column so also known as invertebrates., , 3 KINGDOM ANIMALIA, , I SIGN OUT BY DR. VIRESH SHELKE

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XI BIOLOGY, , S., N., , Phylum, Porifera, , 1., , Bears numerous, pores on body, , 2., 3., , 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 6., 7., 8., , 9., , 11, ., , 12, , MAURYA SCIENCE ACADEMY, , Phylum Cnideria, / Coelenterata, , Gastro vascular/, Digestive cavity, present, Commonly known as Sponges, Mostly marine, animals and few, present in fresh, water, Present in solitary or, colonical forms., Cell grade, organization, Cell aggregate plan, No germ layers, Acoelomates, Asymmetrical, Vase/ Saucer, shaped, Digestive system, absent., Calacreous /, Siliceous Spicules [, Spongin fibers] are, exoskeleton, Numerous pores, present on body, called as Ostia. The, single large opening, present at free end, called as osculum., The central space, present in body is, c/a spongocoel., Spongocoel lined by, flagellated cells, known as Collar, cells or Choanocytes, , 4 KINGDOM ANIMALIA, , Phylum, Ctenophora, Transparent body with, emission of light., , Commonly known as, Comb jellies / Sea, walnuts., Mostly marine animals Exclusively marine free, and few present in, swimming animals., fresh water, Present in solitary or, colonical forms., Tissue grade, organization, Blind sac body plane, Diploblastic animals, Acoelomates, Radial Symmetry, Polyp-Cylindrical, Medusa – Umbrella, Primitive Digestive, system present, Extracellular and, intracellular digestion., Exoskeleton Absent, , Present in solitary form., , The hollow,, contractile,, finger/thread like, structure which, surrounds mouth, called as tentacles, Coelenteron /Gastro, vascular cavity helps, in digestion and, circulation, Tentacles bears a, stinging cells, cnidoblasts., Cindoblast contains, stinging structure, nematocytes. [Release, toxin on prey and, , Spherical body with, external rows of cilia,, retractile tentacles and, Ciliary comb plate, , Tissue grade organization, Blind sac body plane, Diploblastic animals, Acoelomates, Radial Symmetry, Spherical, Primitive Digestive, system present., Extracellular and, intracellular digestion, Locomotion carried out, by 8 rows of Ciliary comb, plate, , Bioluminescence, [Emission of light], , I SIGN OUT BY DR. VIRESH SHELKE

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MAURYA SCIENCE ACADEMY, , XI BIOLOGY, , 13, 14, 15, , S.N, 1., 2., , Water is circulated, in the body through, canal system., Asexual, reproduction by, gemmule formation, Power of, regeneration, Examples: Sycon ,, Spongilla, ,Euspongia, , provide offensive, /defensive, mechanism.], , Asexual reproduction, by lateral budding, Power of regeneration, Examples: Hydra,, Jelly fish , Tubipora,, Corals,Sea anaemone,, , Phylum Platyhelminthes, Leaf like/ ribbon like flat, , Sexual reproduction with, indirect development, [External fertilization], Power of regeneration, Examples: Ctenoplana ,, Pleurobrachia., , Phylum Ascheminthes, Round / cylindrical organisms, , organisms, , with tapering ends, , Generally known as flatworms, , Generally known as roundworms/, thread worms, , 3., , System grade organization, , System grade organization, , 4., , Triploblastic animals, , Triploblastic animals, , 5., , Bilateral symmetry, , Bilateral symmetry, , 6., , Blind sac body plan, , Tube with in tube body plan, , 7., , Acoelomates, , Pseudocoelomates, , 8., , Non motile organisms, , Motile organisms [ locomotion with, , [locomotion absent], , the help of longitudinal muscles], , Dorso-ventrally flat /leaf like/, , Long, round, cylindrical, thread, , ribbon like unsegmented body., , like unsegmented body., , 9., , 5 KINGDOM ANIMALIA, , I SIGN OUT BY DR. VIRESH SHELKE

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MAURYA SCIENCE ACADEMY, , XI BIOLOGY, , 10., , Incomplete digestive system, , Complete digestive system, , 11., , Primitive nervous system in the, , Primitive nervous system in the, , form of nerve ring and nerve cord, , form Nerve ring & nerves., , 12., , Sense organs absent, , Sense organs present, , 13., , flame cells /protonephridia works Canals/Protonephridia works as, as organ of excretion, organs of excretion, , 14., , Sexual reproduction [bisexual /, , Sexual reproduction [Unisexual, , Hermaphrodite animals], , animals, , Exoskeleton in the form of, , Exoskeleton in the form of cuticle, , 15., , cuticle, 16., 17., 18., 19., , Adhesive organs present at the, anterior end called as, hooks/suckers., Free living or present in the body, of host [endoparasite], Power of regeneration, , Adhesive organs present at the, anterior end called as, hooks/suckers., Free living or present in the body, of host [endoparasite], Power of regeneration absent, , Examples:, o Liverfluke [Fasciola hepatica], o Planaria, o Taenia [tapeworms/cestodes], o Schistosoma,, o Echinococcus, , Examples:, o Ascaris lumbicoidus, o Wulcheria bancrofti, o Enterobius, o Dracunculus, , 20., , No., 1., 2., , Male Ascaris, Shorter in length, Narrow in diameter/width, , Female Ascaris, Relatively longer in length, Broad in diameter/width, , 3., 4., , Curved posterior end, Pair Penile setae present, , Straight posterior end, Penile setae absent, , 6 KINGDOM ANIMALIA, , I SIGN OUT BY DR. VIRESH SHELKE

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MAURYA SCIENCE ACADEMY, , XI BIOLOGY, , S.N, , Phylum Annelida, , Phylum Arthropoda, , 1., , Segmented body, , Jointed appendages, , 2., , Generally known as ringworms, , Generally known as insects, , 3., , System grade organization, , System grade organization, , 4., , Triploblastic animals, , Triploblastic animals, , 5., , Bilateral symmetry, , Bilateral symmetry, , 6., , Tube with in tube body plan, , Tube with in tube body plan, , 7., , Coelomates, , Coelomates, , 8., , Motile organisms [ locomotion, with the help of setae which, contains longitudinal and, circular muscles ], Elongated, cylindrical and, metamerically segmented body., Complete digestive system., Mouth parts helps in sucking,, chewing and biting, , Motile organisms [locomotion with, the help of legs and wings], Barnacles : Non motile sedentary, organism, Cylindrical body with tapering ends, and metamerically segmented body., Complete digestive system [foregut,, midgut and hindgut] Mouth parts, helps in sucking, chewing and, biting, Nervous system in the form Nerve, nerve ring and double ganglionated, nerve cord, Sense organs present [antennae,, compound eyes, taste receptors], Green glands/ Malpighian body, works as organs of excretion, Sexual reproduction [oviparous], Unisexual animals, Scorpion : Viviparous, Exoskeleton in the form of cuticle, , 9., 10., , 11., , 12., 13., , Nervous system in the form of, nerve ring and ganglionated, nerve cord, Sense organs present., , 18., , Nephridia works as organ of, excretion, Sexual reproduction [oviparous], Bisexual : Earthworm & Leech, Unisexual animals: Neries, Exoskeleton in the form of, cuticle., Body surface helps in, respiration, Free living or present on the, body of host [Ectoparasite], Metamerism absent, , 19., , o Examples:, , 14., , 15., 16., 17., , 7 KINGDOM ANIMALIA, , Gills, Trachea, book lungs & lung, gills helps in respiration, Free living or present on the body of, host [Ectoparasite], Metamerism present and shows, moulting/ecdysis [periodical, shedding of exoskeleton to allow, body growth ., Examples:, , I SIGN OUT BY DR. VIRESH SHELKE

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MAURYA SCIENCE ACADEMY, , XI BIOLOGY, , Earthworm [ Burrowing, animal], o Leech [ sanguivorous/ blood, sucking organisms secrete, anticoagulant sub. Hirudin, o, , o, o, o, o, o, , Cockroach, Scorpion,, Butterfly, Silkworm, Millipede, Crab, Sepia, Prawn, lobster, Mosquitoes, , 20., , S.N, , Phylum Mollusca, , Phylum Echinodermata, , 1., , Soft bodied animals, , Animals with spiny skin, , 2., , Sedentary or free living animals, , Solitary, sedentary or free living, , 3., , System grade organization, , System grade organization, , 4., , Triploblastic animals, , Triploblastic animals, , 5., , Bilateral symmetry, , 6., , Bilateral symmetry, Snail : Asymmetrical, Tube with in tube body plan, , 7., , Coelomates, , Coelomates, , 8., , Arms or foot helps in locomotion., , by tube feet, , 9., , cylindrical soft and soft body., , Star shaped, , 10., 11., 12., 13., , 14., , Tube with in tube body plan, , Complete digestive system[ bended, intestine], Nerve ring with three pairs of, ganglia. Osphradia is sense organ, used for testing purity of water., Kidney acts as organ of excretion, , Complete digestive system, , Open type circulatory system, [Exception: Sepia]., Haemocyanin is blue colored, pigment present in blood., Respiration by gills/ctenidia, , Open type water vascular system, , 8 KINGDOM ANIMALIA, , Nerve ring and radial nerves, Absent, , Respiration by Peristomial gills and, I SIGN OUT BY DR. VIRESH SHELKE

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MAURYA SCIENCE ACADEMY, , XI BIOLOGY, , papillae., Unisexual animals [External, fertilization], , 15., , Unisexual oviparous animals, , 16., , Thick muscular fold of body wall, called as mantle. Mantle secretes a, hard calcareous shell. Shell is, internal, external or absent, , 17., , o Examples:, o Snail, Unio, Pila, Dentallium,, Chiton,Sepia, , Examples:, o Star fish, Sea cucumber, Brittle, star, Sea lily, Sea Urchin, , 18., , 10. Phylum Hemichordata:, , 1. Forms: Free living, 2. Habitats: Exclusively marine[ living at the bottom of sea], 3. Body organization: System grade organization, 4. Body wall: Triploblastic, 5. Body symmetry: Bilateral, 6. Body plan: Tube with in tube body plan, 7. Body cavity/Coelom: True coelomates, 8. Shape: Vermiform, 9. Locomotion: Present, 10., Digestive system: Complete, 11., Nervous system: Dorsal and ventral nerve cord, 12., Excretory system: Body surface acts as organ of excretion., 13., Respiration :Paired gill slits, 14., Circulation : Closed type circulatory system, 15., Reproduction: Unisexual [External fertilization], 16., Division of body: Probosis, collar, trunk, 17., Connecting link: Phylum Hemichordata is connecting link, between non chordates and chordates., 18., Examples: Balanoglossus, Saccoglossus, ,  Chordata:, 9 KINGDOM ANIMALIA, , I SIGN OUT BY DR. VIRESH SHELKE

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MAURYA SCIENCE ACADEMY, , XI BIOLOGY, , o Notochord is stiff rod like, structure made up of tightly, packed vacuolated cells which, runs along the middorsal line, o Cartilaginous notochord present, at least in early embryonic life, o Gill slits are present, o Presence of dorsal nerve cord., o Subphylum:, A. Urochordata [Tunicates]:, o Soft body and Testa is outer covering of body made up of tunicine., o Notochord present in the tail of larvae., o Gill slits present at pharynx and Exclusively marine, o Example: Herdmania, Salpa, Doliolum , Botryllus, , B. Cephalochordata[Lancelets], o Soft body and fish like animals, o Notochord present throughout the body length and life, o Gill slits present at pharynx, o Exclusively marine [5 cm in length], o Example: Amphioxus, C. Vertebra: [Notochord replaced by vertebral column ], Division: Gnathostomata, , Division: Agnatha, , Super class: Pisces, Class: Cyclostomata:, , Class Chondrichthyes, Class Osteichthyes, , Super class : Tetrapoda, , Class Amphibia, Class Reptilia, Class Aves:, vClass Mammalia, , a. Division: Agnatha :[Primitive vertebrates without, jaws], 1. Class: Cyclostomata:, 1. Nature of mouth: Circular mouth without jaw, 2. Nature of skin: Smooth and soft skin, 3. Endoskeleton :Fibrous an cartilaginous endoskeleton, 10 KINGDOM ANIMALIA, , I SIGN OUT BY DR. VIRESH SHELKE

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MAURYA SCIENCE ACADEMY, , XI BIOLOGY, , 4. Digestive system :Stomach absent and intestine present in, digestive system, 5. Respiration: Respiration by gill slits, 6. Nature of heart :Two chambered heart, 7. Sex organs : Single and large gonads, 8. Locomotion : Median/caudal fins present, 9. Fertilization : External fertilization, 10., Example: Myxine [hagfish] ,Petromyzon [lamprey], , b. Division: Gnathostomata :[Advanced vertebrates with, jaws], a. Super class: Pisces:[Bears fins], , 1. Habitat: Aquatic animals, 2. Nature of Blood: Cold blooded animals [poikilothermics], 3. Nature of body: Streamlined/boat shaped, 4. Locomotion: Body muscles, fins and tail helps in locomotion, 5. Endoskeleton: Bones or cartilage, 6. Exoskeleton: Dermal scales, 7. Respiration: Gill silts, 8. Circulation: Closed type of circulatory system[Red colored blood], 9. Nature of Heart: Two chambered heart [ventral in position], 10. Red blood cells/Erythrocytes/RBC’s: Nucleated and oval, 11. Central nervous system: Well developed brain with olfactory lobes, 12. Sexes: Unisexual, 13. Fertilization: a. Internal fertilization: Viviparous animals, b. External fertilization: Oviparous animal, 14. Feeding : On detritous material,planktons ,algae and molluscs, 15. Class: a] Chondrichythes, b] Osteichthytes, , SN, , Points, , Chondrichythes, , 11 KINGDOM ANIMALIA, , Osteichthytes, , I SIGN OUT BY DR. VIRESH SHELKE

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MAURYA SCIENCE ACADEMY, , XI BIOLOGY, , 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, , Synonym, Habitat, Endoskeleton, Exoskeleton, Scales, Tail fin, Mouth, , 8, , Gill slits, , 9, 10, , Excretory product, , Claspers, [Copulatory organs], 11. Fertilization, 12, 13, 14, , Viviparity, Oviparity, Example, , Cartilaginous fish, Exclusively marine, Bone, Placoid scales, Small, Asymmetrical, Ventral side of, head, Exposed, Urea, Present, Internal[in the, body of female], Present, Absent, Scolidon, Electric, ray, sting ray, saw, fish, hammer, headed fish ,Shark, , Bony fish, Marine & fresh water, Cartilage, Cycloid scales, large, Symmetrical, Dorsal side of head/, terminal position, Covered by bony, operculum, Ammonia, Absent, External [in water], Absent, Present, Pomphret, Labeo,, Rohita, Catfish,, Bombay duck, , b. Super class: Tetrapoda: [Bears two pairs of, , 1., , appendages], , Class Amphibia:, , 1. Habitat: Terrestrial [live in water as well as land], 2. Nature of Blood: Cold blooded animals, 3. Nature of skin: Smooth, moist and glandular with mucous gland, 4. Locomotion: Two pairs of limbs, 5. Endoskeleton: Bones and cartilage, 6. Exoskeleton: Absent, 7. Respiration: Through Skin, lungs and Bucco –pharynx[in larva-gills], 8. Circulation: Closed type circulatory system, 9. Nature of Heart:3 chambered heart [1 auricle and 2 ventricles], 10. Red blood cells/Erythrocytes/RBC’s: Biconvex and nucleated, 11. Central nervous system: Well developed, 12. Sexes: Unisexual animals [Oviparous animals], 13. Fertilization: External fertilization, o Midwife toad: Carry egg sin hind limbs, o Surian toad: Carry larvae in pits of back, 14. Division of body: Head ,trunk and tail, 15. Body Cavity: Present, 16. Limbs: a. Forelimbs: 4 digits b. Hind limbs: 5 digits, oWeb present in between digits., 12 KINGDOM ANIMALIA, , I SIGN OUT BY DR. VIRESH SHELKE

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XI BIOLOGY, , MAURYA SCIENCE ACADEMY, , 17. Digestive system : Well developed, o Examples: Frog, Toad, Salamander, Ichthyophis, , 2., , Class Reptilia :, , 3., , Class Aves:, , 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., , Habitat: True Terrestrial vertebrates [few are aquatic /semi aquatic]], Nature of Blood: Cold blooded animals, Nature of skin: Rough , dry and non glandular with horny scales, Locomotion: Two pairs of limbs [Snake : Body muscles], Endoskeleton: Bones and cartilage, Exoskeleton: Epidermal scales, Respiration: Through lungs, Circulation: Closed type circulatory system, Nature of Heart:3 chambered heart [2 auricle and 1 ventricles],  Crocodile and Tortoise : 4 Chambered heart, 10. Red blood cells/Erythrocytes/RBC’s: Oval and nucleated, 11. Central nervous system: Well developed brain along with olfactory, lobes and cerebellum., 12. Sexes: Unisexual animals [Oviparous animals], 13. Fertilization: Internal fertilization, 14. Division of body: Head ,Neck , Trunk and Tail, 15. Body Cavity: Present, 16. Limbs: 2 pairs of limbs attached to trunk., a. Forelimbs: 5 digits, b. Hind limbs: 5 digits,  Pentadactyl digits with claws, 17. Digestive system : Well developed, 18. External ear : Absent [Ear drum depressed], 19. Feeding habit : Carnivorous, o Example: Cobra, Crocodile, Turtle ,wall lizard. Garden lizard, , 13 KINGDOM ANIMALIA, , I SIGN OUT BY DR. VIRESH SHELKE

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XI BIOLOGY, , MAURYA SCIENCE ACADEMY, , 1. Habitat: Aerial, 2. Nature of Blood: Warm blooded animals, 3. Nature of skin: Thin ,dry and non-glandular, 4. Locomotion: Legs and wings, 5. Endoskeleton: Hollow Bones and cartilage, 6. Exoskeleton: Feathers, scales on hind limbs, 7. Respiration: Through lungs[ Air sacs present], 8. Circulation: Closed type circulatory system. Double circulation, 9. Nature of Heart:4 chambered heart [2 auricle and 2 ventricles], 10. Red blood cells/Erythrocytes/RBC’s: Biconvex and nucleated, 11. Central nervous system: Well developed, 12. Sexes: Unisexual animals [Oviparous animals], 13. Fertilization: Internal fertilization, 14. Division of body: Head ,Neck ,Trunk and tail, 15. Body Cavity: Present, 16. Limbs:, a. Forelimbs: Modified into wings, b. Hind limbs: Running and walking,  Web present in between toes in aquatic birds, 17. Digestive system : Well developed, , 18. Aerial Modification:, 1. Streamlined/boat shaped body, 2. Hollow and pneumatic bones, 3. Absence of urinary bladder, 4. Only left ovary and oviduct functional, 5. Jaws modified into beak, 6. Gizzard and crop present., o Example: Parrot, Sparrow, Ostrich, , 4., , Class Mammalia:, , 1. Habitat: Omnipresent, Terrestrial: Man b. Aerial: Bat Arboreal: Monkey Aquatic : Whale, 2. Nature of Blood: Warm blooded animals, 3. Nature of skin: Glandular [Sweat and sebaceous gland present], 4. Locomotion: By legs, 14 KINGDOM ANIMALIA, , I SIGN OUT BY DR. VIRESH SHELKE

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XI BIOLOGY, , MAURYA SCIENCE ACADEMY, , 5. Endoskeleton: Bones and cartilage, 6. Exoskeleton: Hair, Fur, Nails, Hooves, 7. Respiration: By lung, 8. Circulation: Closed type circulation [Double circulation], 9. Nature of Heart: 4 chambered, 10. Red blood cells/Erythrocytes/RBC’s: Biconcave and anucleated, [Nucleated in camel], 11. Central nervous system: well developed[Corpus collasum present], 12. Sexes: Unisexual Viviparous animals Power of regeneration, 13. Fertilization: Internal .Viviparity present, 14. Division of body: Head, neck, trunk and legs, 15. Body Cavity: a. Thoracic cavity b. Abdominal cavity c. Pelvic cavity, 16. Mammary glands: Mammary glands are modified sweat glands, produces milk .Milk is used for nourishment of infants., 17. Teeth: 4 Types of teeth present i.e.Incisors ,Canines Premolar Molar, 18. Marsupials: Pouches for development of immature young ones, .Kangaroo is marsupial mammal., o Examples: Human being, Monkey, Cow, , 15 KINGDOM ANIMALIA, , I SIGN OUT BY DR. VIRESH SHELKE