Page 2 : (iv) What type of water supply and sewerage system prevailed during the Indus valley, Gi) Why did civilizations generally grow on the banks of big rivers?, Ans. The civilizations generally grew on the banks of big rivers to fulfil their need of watel., (iv) What type of water supply and sewerage system prevailed during the Indus vaney, civilization period?, Ans. The Indus Valley Civilization had one of the most sophisticated urban water supply and sewage, systems in the world., (v) What role do forests play in the conservation of water?, Ans. In the forests, water seeps gently into the ground as vegetation breaks the flow of water. This, groundwater in turn feeds wells, lakes and rivers., (vi) Why is water conservation the need of the day?, Ans. Over the years, rising populations, growing industrialization and expanding agriculture have, increased the demand for water., (vii) What did the Punjab Agriculture minister admit on the floor of the House?, Ans. The Punjab Agriculture Minister admitted that the groundwater was continuously declining in, 85% areas of the state., (viii) What is the result of the excessive decline in water table in the state?, Ans. It has adversely affected the socio-economic condition of small and poor farmers of the state., (ix) What technology can be used to save water?, Ans. The technologies related to soil and agronomic management must be used that save water without, a loss in crop yields, thus leading to higher productivity per unit use ofwater., (x) How do the rural communities and the poor urban classes suffer due to the shortage of, water?, 97, Scanned by TapScanner

Page 3 : Ans. The women and girls especially have to walk miles at a time to gather water from streams, ponds full of water-borne diseases that are making them and their families sick., and, 2. Answer the following questions in 50-60 words each., (i) How is water a source of beauty and joy? Explain., Ans. Water is a source of beauty and joy. It adds to the beauty of nature. It may be a little stream flowing, down the rocks or a waterfall, big or small. It gives joy to the eyes and fresh breath to the mind., Brooks and rivers which go dancing like a snake and fall into the sea present a new scene. Sensitive, poets have given tribute to small tanks, lakes and big oceans. Water in a landscape reflects the, mood of the hour. It becomes bright in the sunshine and dark and gloomy when the sky covered, with clouds., is, (ii) Write a note on the necessity of conserving water., Ans. Over the years, rising populations, growing Industrialisation and expanding agriculture has, increased the demand for water. Efforts have been made to collect water by building dams,, reservoirs and by digging wells. Some countries have tried to recycle water and also to remove, salts from it. So water conservation has become the need of the day. The availability of water can, fill the uncultivated land with life and vegetation but on the other hand the absence of water can, convert fertile lands into dry, barren, lifeless areas of death., (iii) How and why is the ground water level falling in Punjab with every passing year? Explain., Ans. In Punjab, the water level is falling due to overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Punjab is, fast drying up. The number of tubewells has grown up from 1.2 lakh to about 13 lakh now. The, groundwater levels are going down by 60cm every year. Punjab has used up groundwater reserves, built up over the last 105 years, in less than 30 years. Farmers are forced to dig deeper into ground, and use more power to pump out water. Even residents in cities have to dig deeper for their, handpumps., 98, Scanned by TapScanner

Page 4 : Ans. The major share of water is taken by rice-wheat cropping system. 1 Kg of rice consumes 3500-, (iv) How does the cropping pattern affect the water table?, Ans. The major share of water is taken by rice-wheat cropping system. 1 Kg of rice consumes 3500-, 4000 litres of water for its growth, So it is the requirement of the present situation of change the, traditional cropping pattern. We must switch overto the technologies related to soil and agronomic, management that save water without a loss in crop vields, leading to higher productivity. These, technologies include planting and transplanting time of crops, irrigation scheduling and new, irrigation methods like sprinkler, drip, furrow etc., धाठीं रा हेडा विम साल-वटव री ढमल धटाी चक्षाता खिक्षा सांटा ये। 1 विसेगुभ उण्ल भग्यट दप ल्टा, 3500-4000 रीटत धटी टी धधड वतरा वै। टिम एुप्टी भैनचटा मसिडी दिर ठद्दषटिउी ढमली हैठा ठू घटलठ टा टाल, (v) Write a short paragraph on: Water, ATrue Elixir'., Ans. The true Elixir of life is water. We can live without any other thing but we cannot survive without, air and water. Our ancestors understood the value of water long time back. That is why, the, civilizations then flourished along the banks of rivers. But we, the modern people, have totally, neglected the value of water. We are continuously polluting it. Gases and the waste are getting, added to it. That day is not far when we will not get sufficient water to drink. Water level is falling, at an alarming rate. Many people are not getting safe drinking water. That day will soon come, when life on earth will become impossible. It is the need of the time that we must conserve every, drop of water to save ourselves and our planet., Vocabulary Practice., de under A with their meanings under B., Scanned by TapScanner