Page 1 : CBSE Term Il | Social Science xX, , ‘i Ge, , 25 9. Pee the reason for the Lahore Session of the, : y ongress in 1929 to be called the historical session,, Or Mention the main contents of Indian National, Congress in December 1929 held under the, @ leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru. (CBSE 2014), Ans. Lahore Session of the Congress in 1929 is called the, ' pee session as at this session, the Congress President, Jawahar lal Nehru passed a resolution of declaring ‘Purna, Swaraj in December 1999. In 1929, Viceroy Lord Irwin, announced an uncertain offer of ‘Dominian status’ to India, , Gandhiji started his famous Salt March with his trusted, 78 followers from the Sabarmati ashram towards Dandi, the coastal town of Gujarat. This marked the beginning, of the Civil Disobedience Movement all over India., In this way, ‘salt’ inspired the nation to rebel against the, British., 12. Describe the role of poor peasantry in the ‘Civil, Disobedience Movement.’ (CBSE 2020), Ans. The role of poor peasantry in the Civil Disobedience, Movement was, , C anda Round Table Conference to di, o discuss a future A i, eee F ; ° As the economic depression continued the poor, tio, een, The expectations of the Congress were not peasants found it difficult to pay the rent. They, ae pes Behr pty At that time liberals and wanted the unpaid rent to the landlord to be remitted., 6 ongress lost their influence and Radicals like Thus, they joined a variety of radical movements, , Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose became more, , ae often led by socialists and communists., assertive in Congress. Soe, , ° They came in huge numbers to support Gandhiji and, , After declaring ‘Purna Swaraj’ or complete independence,, the Congress declared 26th January, 1930 as the, Independence Day., , 10. Why did Gandhiji launch the Civil Disobedience, , Movement? Give reasons., , Ans. Gandhiji launched the Civil Disobedience Movement, , his followers. It was because of them that Civil, Disobedience Movement could become a Mass, movement., , They launched ‘no rent’ campaign but it was not, supported by the Congress. So, the relationship, between the poor peasant and Congress remained, , Ss, , uncertain., , 13. Analyse the role of merchants and the industrialists, in the Civil Disobedience Movement. (CBSE 2010), Ans. The role of merchants and the industrialists in the Civil, Disobedience Movement was, ° They became powerful in the society and wanted to, expand their business. So, they started opposing, colonial policies that restricted their business. They, wanted protection against imports of foreign goods, , | because, ° Mahatma Gandhi sent a letter (31st January, 1930) to, Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands. Some of these, were of general interest, others were specific demands of, different classes. However, Viceroy Irwin refused the, demands. Thus, he decided to launch the movement., ¢ Another reason for launching the movement was the Salt, Law. Gandhiji believed that the tax on salt and the, Government monopoly over salt production was the most, oppressive measure taken by the British Government. and a rupee sterling foreign exchange ratio that would, This law had to be removed. Thus, he broke the salt law discourage imports., by manufacturing salt by boiling water in Dandi and ¢ The industrialists criticised colonial control over the, urged the people to refuse cooperation with the British. Indian economy and supported the Civil, The Salt March marked the beginnning of the Civil Disobedience Movement at its first stage. Most, Disobedience Movement. industrialists thought ‘Swaraj’ as a time when colonial, , 11. W fe dideh( ahata Candhi find in ‘salt’ a powerful restriction did not exist on business world. As a result, , : ; ines cj ithout traints., symbol Paatconid nite the nation? Explain. trade and pres as flourish without constrai, (CBSE 2017, 16) They gave financial assistance and refused to buy or, , e, , Ans. Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that sell imported goods. :, could unite the nation because salt is consumed by 14. Mention the efforts of Gandhiji to get Harijans, everyone and is regarded as one of the most essential items their rights., , Ans. The efforts of Gandhiji for Harijans were, ¢ Gandhiji organised Satyagraha to secure the entry of, the untouchables into temples and access to public, wells, tanks, roads and schools., ¢ Gandhi himself cleaned toilets to dignify the work of, the bhangi (the sweepers) and persuaded the upper, caste to change their heart and give up the sin of, , untouchability., , of food. By levying tax on salt and establishing monopoly, over its production, the communal power revealed the most, oppressive face of them., , Gandhiji thought if any movement could be arranged, against this oppression (monopoly over the production of, salt) which affected people from all strata, it could unite the, nation. He believed ‘salt’ had this power. So, he gave an, ultimatum to the British Government, but Irwin was not, , ready to negotiate.