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CHAPTER 2-u, , Manufacturing Industries, , , , ONE MARK QUESTIONS, , Why has the ‘National Manufacturing Competitiveness, Council’ been set-up? [CBSE 2015}, Ans :, , To improve the productivity, economists predict what, manufacturing can achieve its target over the next, decades., , Why is the ‘least cost’ known as decision making, factor for ideal location of an industry?, , Ans: [CBSE 2015], Manufacturing activity tends to locate at the most, appropriate place where all the factors of industrial, locations are either available or can be arranged at a, lower cost., , [CBSE 2012], , What is manufacturing?, , Ans:, , Production of goods in large quantities after processing, from raw material to more valuable products is called, as manufacturing., , What is agglomeration economies?, , Ans:, , Many industries that tend to come together to make, use of the advantages offered by the urban centers, like markets and services are known as agglomeration, economies., , [Foreign 2010}, , Name the river-basin where jute industries are, concentrated in India. [Foreign 2010}, , Ans:, , The river-basin where jute industries are concentrated, in India is Hugh river-basin., , Name the region which has maximum concentration, of iron and steel industries. [Foreign 2010}, Ans:, , Chota Nagpur plateau region in Jharkhand has, maximum concentration of iron and steel industries., , THREE MARKS QUESTIONS, , How has the ever increasing number of industries in, India made worse position by exerting pressure on, existing fresh water resources? Explain., , Ans: [CBSE 2018], , a. Industries apart from being heavy users of water, also require power to run them., , b. Today large industrial houses are as common, place as the industrial units of many MNCs are, exerting pressure on freshwater sources., , c. Industrialisation followed by the urbanisation, multiplying the problems of water scarcity and, exerting pressure on water sources causing their, depletion., , 8. Why do we have maximum concentration of iron and, , steel industry in Chota Nagpur Plateau region? Give, , any three regions. [CBSE 2016}, or, , Why has the Chota Nagpur Region maximum, , concentration of iron and steel industries? Explain, , any three., , Ans: [CBSE 2015,2014,2011), , Factors responsible for concentration of iron and steel, industries in Chhota Nagpur Plateau:, , a. Low cost of iron-ore, , b. High grade raw material in proximity., , c. Cheap labour., , d. Vast growth potential in the home market., , e. Good transport connectivity., , f. Availability of water resources., , Ans :, , India is an important iron and steel producing country, in the world. Yet we are not able to perform to our full, potential.” Suggest and explain any three measures to, get full potential. [CBSE 2016}, Ans:, , India is an important iron and steel producing country, in the world, yet we are not able to perform to our full, potential largely due to:, , a. High costs and limited availability of cooking coal., b. Lower productivity of labour., , c. Irregular supply of energy and, , d. Poor infrastructure., , 10. “Agriculture gives boost to the industrial sector.”

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12., , 13., , 4, , 15., , Support the statement with arguments., Ans : [CBSE 2015], , Agriculture gives boost to the industrial sector:, , a. Agriculture provides raw material to industries., , b. Agriculture provides market for industrial, products., , ce. Agriculture helps boost new industrial products., , d. The industries such as cotton, jute, silk, woollen, textiles, sugar and edible oil, etc., are based on, agricultural raw materials., , Describe any three major problems faced by the, , weaving and processing sectors in cotton textile, , industry. [CBSE 2015], or, , Describe any three major problems faced by cotton, , textile industry in India., , Ans : [CBSE 2014, 2010], , Problems of cotton textile industry are:, , a. Although production has increased, it is still not, enough and imports are needed., , b. Erratic power supply and outdated machinery., , c. Low output of labour., , d. Stiff competition from synthetic fabrics., , Why is there a tendency for the sugar mills to, concentrate in Southern states of India in recent years, ? Give three reasons. [CBSE 2014,2011}, , Ans:, , Shifting of sugar industries to Southern states is, , because:, , a. Sugarcane that grows there has a higher sucrose, content., , b. Favourable climate provides, period and growing season., , c. Cooperatives are successful in these states., , d. Modem mills have more crushing capacity., , longer crushing, , Analyse any three major challenges faced by the sugar, industry in India. [CBSE 2014}, Ans :, , Major challenges of sugar industry are:, , a. Seasonal nature of the industry., , b. Old and inefficient methods of production., , c. Transport delay in reaching sugar factories and, the need to maximise the use of bagasse., , Define the term manufacturing. Classify industries on, the basis of source of raw materials used., , Ans : [CBSE 2013, 2012], Definition: “Production of goods in large quantities, after processing from raw materials to more valuable, products is called manufacturing.”, , Classification:, , a. Agro-based: Cotton, woollen, jute, silk textile, etc., b. Mineral-based: Iron, steel, cement etc., , Explain any three factors which were responsible, for the concentration of cotton textile industry in, Maharashtra and Gujarat in early years., Ans :, , a. Availability of raw cotton., b. Ready markets are available., , [CBSE 2012], , 16., , 18., , 19., , 20., , c. Well-developed means of transportation., , d. Abundant skilled and unskilled labour at cheap, rate., , e. Moist climate which is suitable for the cotton, industry., , Classify industries on the basis of capital investment., How are they different from one another ? Explain, with examples. [CBSE 2016}, , Ans:, , (i) Classification of the industries on the basis of, capital investment:, , (a) Small Scale Industry, , (b) Large Scale Industry, , Difference: If the investment is more than one crore, on any industry, it is considered as a large scale, industry. For example, Iron and Steel Industry/, Cement Industry (any other relevant example)., While the investment is less than one crore on an, industry, it is considered as a small scale industry, e.g., Plastic industry, toy industry., , (ii), , Classify industries on the basis of their main role. How, are they different from each other? [CBSE 2016}, , Ans :, , According to their main role:, , a. Basic or key industries which supply their, products or raw materials to manufacture other, goods e.g., Iron and steel and copper smelting,, aluminium smelting., , b. Consumer industries that produce goods for, direct use by consumers-sugar, toothpaste, paper,, sewing machines, fans etc,, , Examine the impact of liberalisation on automobile, industry of India. [CBSE 2012}, , Ans:, , Impact of liberalisation on automobile industry are:, Multi-utility vehicles have been introduced., The coming of new and contemporary models., Healthy growth of the market., , FDI in new technology., , Aligned the industry with global development., Industry has experienced a quantum jump., , monanr es, , Mention the various measures taken by the government, to boost the production of jute goods., , Ans : [CBSE 2012], , Various steps taken by the government to boost the, , production of Jute are:, , a. In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with, the objective of increasing productivity., , b. Improvement of quality., , c. Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and, enhancing the yield per hectare., , Explain the factors responsible for localisation of jute, textile mills mainly on the banks of the river Hugh., , Ans : [CBSE 2012], , Factors responsible for their location in the Hugli, , basin are as follows:, , a. Proximity of the jute producing areas,, , b. Inexpensive water transport, supported by a good, network of railways, roadways and waterways to, facilitate movement of raw material to the mills,

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ec. Abundant water for processing raw jute,, , d. Cheap labour from West Bengal and adjoining, states of Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh., , e. Kolkata as a large urban centre provides banking,, insurance and port facilities for export of jute, goods., , “Many of our spinners export cotton yarn while, , apparel manufacturers have to import fabric.” Explain, , this statement with appropriate reasons., , Ans: [CBSE 2014], , a. The weaving, knitting and processing units, cannot use much of the high quality yarn that, is produced in the country. Therefore, many of, our spinners export cotton yarn while apparel/, garment manufacturers have to import fabric., , b. If weaving sector is improved, then yarn can be, used in the country and garments can be exported, to earn foreign exchange for the country., , “Production and consumption of steel is often regarded, as the index of a country’s development”. Examine, the statement. [CBSE 2014}, Ans :, , a. Steel production is the backbone of any country’s, economy since it is the basic unit for the, development of the nation., , b. Almost every industry depends on iron and steel, for its manufacturing and production., , c. In today’s era of globalisation, consumption of, goods is increasing. Thus, it can be concluded, that growth in production of steel is regarded as, the index of country’s development., , “Environmental degradation has been, everywhere.” Explain any three values that can help, to prevent environment degradation. | [CBSE 2014], Ans :, , Steps to minimise environmental degradation:, , a. Optimum utilisation of equipments, adopting, latest techniques., , b. Upgrading existing equipments., , c. Minimising waste generation by maximising ash, utilization., , d. Providing green belts for nurturing ecological, balance., , e. Reducing environmental pollution through ash, pond management, water recycling system and, liquid waste management., , Describe any five factors responsible for the, concentration of iron and steel industry in and around, Chota Nagpur Plateau region. [CBSE 2012}, , Ans :, , Factors responsible for concentration df iron and steel, industries in Chhota Nagpur Plateau:, , Low cost of iron-ore, , High grade raw material in proximity,, , Cheap labour., , Vast growth potential in the home market., , Good transport connectivity., , Availability of water resources., , seen, , menos, , Why was the cotton textile industry concentrated in, , 26., , 21, , 28., , 29., , the cotton growing belt in the early years? Explain., Ans : [CBSE 2015], Cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton, growing belt in the early years because:, , a. Availability of raw cotton e.g. belt of Maharashtra, and Gujarat., Nearness to market., ‘Transport, , Port facilities, Cheap labour, , Moist climate., , S, , mone s, , What challenges are faced by the jute textile industries, in India? Mention the main objectives of National, Jute Policy, 2005. [CBSE 2012}, , Ans:, , Problems faced by jute mills:, , a. Stiff competition in international market from, countries like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines,, Egypt, etc., , . Stiff competition from synthetic fibre, , c. Products need to be diversified., , In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with, the objective of increasing productivity, improving, quality, ensuring good prices and enhancing the yield, per hectare., , “The iron and steel industry is the basic as well as, , heavy industry.” Support the statement with three, , points. [CBSE 2012], or, , Why is iron and steel industry called a basic industry?, , Explain. [CBSE 2012}, , Ans:, , Tron and steel industry is the basic industry as:, , a. All the other industries depend on it for their, machinery., , b. Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of, engineering goods., , c. It provides variety of consumer goods., , d. Construction material, defence, medical,, telephonic, scientific equipments, are the gift of, iron and steel industry., , What is the importance of the Information Technology, , sector for the Indian economy? Explain., , Ans :, , The importance of IT sector is as follows:, , a. It has provided employment to over one million, people., , b. This industry is said to be a major foreign, exchange earner., , c. It has helped in the growth of the service sector., , d. It provides employment to innumerable men and, women., , [CBSE 2012], , What is the meaning of manufacturing industry?, Why is it considered the backbone of economic, development? Give two reasons. [CBSE 2011], Ans:, , Production of goods in large quantities after processing, from raw materials to more valuable products is called, manufacturing., , It is considered as backbone of development because:

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31., , a. It not only helps in modernising agriculture but, also forms the backbone of our economy., , b. Industrial development is a precondition for, eradication of unemployment and poverty from, our country., , Why is cotton textile industry the largest industry in, , India today? Give any three reasons., , Ans:, , a. Cotton textile industry contributes 14 percent of, the total industrial production., , b. It provides employment to 35 million persons, directly, the second largest after agriculture., , c. It earns foreign exchange of about 24.6 percent (4, percent of GDP)., , What are the three main reasons for shifting of the, sugar mills to Maharashtra in recent years., , Ans: (CBSE 2011 ], , There are three main reasons which are as follows:, , a. The cane produced has a higher sucrose content., , b. The cooler climate which ensures a longer crushing, season., , c. The cooperatives are more successful in this state., , [CBSE 2011], , Explain any three factors responsible for the location, of cotton textile industry in Mumbai and Ahmedabad., Ans : [CBSE 2011], , a. Availability of raw cotton, market, transport, including accessible port facilities,, , b. cheap labour and;, , c. moist climate have caused the concentration, of cotton textile industries in Mumbai and, Ahmedabed region., , Distinguish between an integrated steel plant and a, , mini steel plants stating three points of distinction., , Ans: [CBSE 2011], , a. An integrated steel plant is larger than a mini, steel plant., , b. Mini steel plant use steel scrap and sponge iron, while Integrated steel plant use basic raw materials, i.e. iron ore for making steel., , c. Mini steel plant produces mild and alloy steel, while integrated steel plant produces only steel., , Mention any two factors that have contributed to a, , healthy growth of the automobile industry in India., , Name two centres where this industry is located., , Ans : [CBSE 2011}, , a. The introduction of new and contemporary models, stimulated the demand for vehicles in the market., , b. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) brought in new, technology and aligned the industry, with global, developments. The two centres 1 of automobile, industry are Jamshedpur and Gurgaon., , Examine what are the causes of industrial pollution of, freshwater resources. {CBSE 2011}, , Ans:, , Freshwater sources are polluted by organic and, inorganic wastes and effluents discharged by industries, into rivers. The main culprits are paper and pulp,, chemical, textile, petroleum refineries, tanneries, industries ete., , 36. Suggest any three measures to reduce the industrial, , 31., , [CBSE 2011], , pollution of freshwater resources., Ans:, , a. Minimising use of water for processing by reusing, and recycling it in two or more successive stages., , b. Harvesting of rainwater to meet water, requirements., c. Treatment of hotwater and effluents before, , releasing them in rivers and ponds., FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS, , Suggest any three steps to minimize the environmental, , degradation caused by the industrial development in, , India. [CBSE 2016], or, , Explain any three steps to be taken to p, , environmental degradation by industries., , Ans : [CBSE 2014,, , Three steps to minimize the environmental degrax, , caused by industrial development in India are:, , Every litre of waste water discharged by our industry, , pollutes eight times the quantity of freshwater., , 1. Minimizing use of water for processing by reusing, and recycling it in two or more successive stages., , 2. Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirement., , 3. Treating hot water and effluents before releasing, them in rivers and ponds., , 4. Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by, fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic, precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial, separators., , 5. Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead, of coal in factories., , 6. Machinery and equipments can be used and, generators should be fitted with silencers., , 7. Almost all machineries can be redesigned, , 8. to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise., , 4, , Why is the economic strength of a country measured, by the development of manufacturing industries?, Explain with examples. [CBSE 2018}, , Ans :, , The economic strength of a country is measured, , by the development of manufacturing industries., , Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of, , development in general and economic development in, , particular mainly because:, , a. Manufacturing industries not only help in, modernising agriculture, which forms the, backbone of our economy, but also reduce the, heavy dependence of people on agricultural, income by providing them jobs in secondary and, tertiary sector., , b. Industrial development is a precondition for, eradication of unemployment and poverty from, our country., , c. It was also aimed at bringing down regional, disparities by establishing industries in tribal and, backwards areas., , d. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and, commerce, and brings in much needed foreign

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exchange., , e. Countries that transform their raw materials into, a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value, are prosperous., , 39. Describe the importance of manufacturing., , (CBSE 2016], or, Describe the importance of manufacturing sector in, countries like India., , Ans : [CBSE 2018], , The economic strength of a country lies in the, , development of manufacturing industries because:, , a. Manufacturing industries help in modernising, agriculture which forms the backbone of our, economy., , b. It reduces the heavy dependence of people on, agriculture sector and creates jobs in secondary, and tertiary sectors., , c. It is necessary for the removal of unemployment, and poverty., , d. It brings down regional disparities., , e. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and, commerce and enhances prosperity., , f. It brings much needed foreign exchange, , What are software technology parks? State any, two points of significance of information technology, industry in India., , Ans : [CBSE 2011], , Software Technology Park: Software technology, parks provide single window service and high data, communication facility to software experts., Significance of IT industry:, , a. A major impact of this industry has been on, employment generation. Upto 31 March, 2005, the, IT industry employed over one million persons., , b. It is encouraging to know that 30 percent of the, people employed in this sector are women., , ec. This industry has been a major foreign exchange, earner in the last two or three years because of, its fast growing Business Processes Outsourcing, (BPO) sector., , d. The continuous growth in the hardware and, software is the key to the success of IT industry, in India., , “The economic strength of a country is measured, , by the development of manufacturing industries.”, Support the statement with arguments., , Ans : [CBSE 2016], Role of manufacturing industries in the economic, development:, , 1. Manufacturing sector is considered as the, backbone of development., , 2. All round development depends on industries,, , 3. Industries help in modernising agriculture,, , Reduces the heavy dependence of people on, , agricultural income by providing them jobs., , 5. Industrial development is a precondition for, eradication of unemployment and poverty from, the country., , 6. It aims at bringing down regional disparities., , Expansion of manufactured goods., , 8. Trade and commerce brings in much needed, , >, , n, , 42, , 43., , 44., , 45., , foreign exchange., , 9. India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying, of its manufacturing industries as quickly as, possible., , Evaluate the factors which are responsible for the, location of jute industry in West Bengal., [CBSE 2016, 2014], or, Describe any five factors responsible for the, concentration of jute mills along the banks of the, , Hugh river. [CBSE 2015], Ans:, , Factors for the concentration of jute mills in West, Bengal:, , a. Proximity of the jute producing areas., , b. Inexpensive water transport., , c. Abundant water., , d. Cheap and skilled labour., , e. Port facilities., , f. Kolkata as a large urban centre provides banking, and insurance facilities,, , “Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand”., Validate the statement. [CBSE 2016}, or, “Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand”., Justify the statement by giving any three arguments., Ans : [CBSE 2012], After an industrial activity starts, the urbanisation, , follows., , a. Sometimes industries are located in or near the, cities., , b. Cities provide markets for manufactured goods., , c. Cities provide various services like banking and, insurance etc., , Classify industries on the basis of source of raw, material. How are they different from each other?, , Ans: [CBSE 2016], , On the basis of sources of raw material industries are, classified as:, , (a) Agro Based Industries., , (b) Mineral Based Industries., , These industries are different from each other on, following basis:, a. Agro Based Industries:, (1) Draws their raw materials from agricultural, products., (2) e.g.: Textiles-Cotton, jute, silk and woolen,, Rubber, sugar, coffee, tea and edible oil etc., b. Mineral Based Industries:, (1) Draws their raw materials from minerals., (2) e.g., Iron and steel, cement, machine tools,, petrochemicals etc., , “The textile industry is the only industry in the, , country which is self-reliant and complete in the value, , chain.” Justify the statement. [CBSE 2016}, or, , “Textile industry occupies a unique position in Indian, , economy” Support the statement with appropriate, , arguments. [CBSE 2015}, , Ans :