Page 2 :
S. No., , Contents, , Page, , 1, , Grammar, , 03-40, , 2, , 41-80, , 3, 4, , Text Book, Comprehension, Reading Comprehension, Writing, , 81-83, 84-108, , 5, , Road Safety, , 108-111, , 2

Page 3 :
Prayas - 2017 (English) Grammar, Pronoun- Person Table, Person Subject, , Object, , Possesive, Adjective, my, our, , Possesive, Pronoun, mine, ours, , Reflexive, , I, , I, We, , me, us, , II, , You, , you, , your, , yours, , yourself / yourselves, , He, She, It, , him, her, it, , his, her, it’s, , his, hers, its, , himself, herself, Itself, , They, , them, , their, , theirs, , themselves, , III, , myself, ourselves, , Subject Verb Agreement, Verb, , do/does, , is/am/are, , has/have, , was/were, , I, , do, , Am, , have, , was, , we, , do, , Are, , have, , were, , you, , do, , Are, , have, , were, , he, , does, , Is, , has, , was, , she, , does, , Is, , has, , was, , it, , does, , Is, , has, , was, , they, , do, , Are, , have, , were, , Subject, , 3

Page 9 :
Trick:-2 Imperative sentence okD; ds ckn ;fn nqljk okD; Hkh gks rks nqljk okD; es is/am/are+ verb dh, Istform+ ing dk iz;ksx djsaxsA, Example:-, , 1. Do not get out now, the train……..(move) fast., 2. Look! The man…….(run) after the bus, perhaps he wants to catch it., Answer:- (1) is moving (2) is running, Exercise I, Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in brackets :, , 1. The Prime Minister .........¼address½ the people on the television yesterday., 2. We ..........¼see½ a big snake on the ground while we were cleaning it., 3. The date of examination has been declared so the students...... ¼prepare½ for, it these days., 4. The farmer ............ ¼divide½ his property among his sons before he died, 5. The Principal ..........¼distribute½ the annual prizes tomorrow., 6. Look! An old man.......... ¼run½ after the bus to catch it., 7. Most of the people...........¼worship½ God daily before taking tea., 8. When the rain started we..........¼stand½ in the field., Answer. ¼1½ addressed ¼2½ saw ¼3½ are preparing ¼4½ had divided, ¼5½ will distribute ¼6½ is running ¼7½ worship ¼8½ were standing, Exercise II, Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in brackets :, , 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., , 1. The postman .............(deliver) the post by 11 a.m. everyday., While the doctor......(examine)the patient. there was an uproar in the hall., Priyanka.... ......(begin) to live in this locality recently., Tomorrow is a holiday. The offices ..........(remain) closed., In her youth , she ............ (spend) hours standing before the mirror., Bhima ......(throw) the ball so hard that all his companions failed to stop it., The pilot came down after the plane ........(land)., Vivek with friend lmtiyaz ......(go) to lndore by the night bus today., , Answer. 1. delivers 2. was examining 3. has begun 4. will remain 5. spent, 6. threw 7. had landed 8. will go, Exercise III, Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in brackets :, , 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., , I............. (watch) a very interesting film now., My husband..............(like) tea for breakfast., Many foreign birds ................(come) to India these days., She .........(write) twenty plays so far., I.............(get) a letter from him ten days ago., Look ! It................(rain) now., Every winter our school ..................(go) on a trip., Rohit .......(learn) Urdu for five years., , Answer. 1. am watching 2. likes 3. are coming 4. has written 5. got 6. is raining 7. goes 8. has, been learning, 9

Page 10 :
Exercise IV, Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in brackets :, , 1. When it was the time to go to bed , she ............ (blow) out the lamp., 2. In ancient times, people...................... (travel ) on foot., Answer:- 1. blowed 2. travelled, , Modal Auxiliaries, (Modal+V1), CanAbility, capacity, know how to, permission, power, right, capability, skill, Maypossibility, probability, permission, wish, purpose, guess, announcement, Mustnecessity, obligation, compulsion, legal duty, strong moral obligation, all possibility, surety,, certainty, logical inference, Shall/willfuturity (I/We- shall,, you, he, she, it, they … - will), Coloured Future, Promise, threat, command, determination, I/we- will, you, he, she, it, they … - shall, Come what may, I will go there., Might, remote possibility, He is very weak. He might pass., It is already 7 am. The station is very far from here. You might catch the train., Would, polite request, past habit, when I was in Delhi, I used to walk in the morning., Should/ ought to - advice, moral duty, shall I go? (proposal), shall I prepare tea for you?, Shall we go? (suggestion), Need not, not necessary, not required, If you have enough money, you need not borrow., Dare not, have no courage, lack of courage, He is very rude. I dare not talk to him., How dare you say so?, Mustn’t, Prohibition, You must not drive without fastening seat belt., Used to, past habit, , 10

Page 11 :
Examples(fixed), Walk carefully lest you should fall., Work hard so that you may pass., He worked hard so that he might pass., Boys will be boys., Fire can be dangerous., May you live long!, (May) God bless you!, May I have your attention, please?, I would rather go there., I would rather die than beg., I would like to play here., Would you mind my opening the window?, Could/Would/Will you please……?, Open the door, will you?, Let us go, shall we?, Keep calm, can’t you?, Come what may, However hard you may try, you can’t win the race., As you sow, so shall you reap., One who dares to teach must never cease to learn., She can speak English., I can dance., I can sing. (skills), Would that I were you!, Can you help me with this box?, Can I have your pen?, What can I do for you?, That can’t be Sarita – she is in Delhi. She must be Sangeeta., Sorry, no can do. I just don’t have the time., If you invite me, I will come., If you invited me, I would come., If it is made of wood, it will float. (generally true), If you heat ice, it melts., You would look better with shorter hair. (you think), I’m so fed up, I could scream., She would be a fool to accept it. (if she accepted), I wish you would be quiet for a minute., Would you like a sandwich? (offer), I would love coffee. (what you like, love, hate, prefer, -rather), I would imagine that the job will take about two days., (opinion – imagine, say, think), I would say he is about 50., Would that he had lived to see it. (strong wish), What shall we do this weekend?, (I, we – offer, suggestion, asking advice), Shall we go?, Shall I ……?, Shall we ……?, Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (instruction), You shouldn’t drink and drive. (what is right/not right), 11

Page 12 :
You should see a doctor if you are not well., With the verbs ‘feel’, ‘hear’, ‘see’, ‘smell’, ‘taste’, I can hear music., Exercises, Exercise 1.Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow, (can , should, may, might, must, could), ¼1½ Everybody............ follow the rules and regulations of the country., ¼2½ This seat is vacant. You ...........sit here., ¼3½ The weather is cold. We ............ have a snowfall., ¼4½ You ............ not make a noise in the class., Ans.:- ¼1½ must ¼2½ may ¼3½ may ¼4½ shall, Exercise 2.Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow.[Sec. Board Exams : 2014], (can , should, may, might, must, could), (i) The barking of the dog made me run as fast as I ......... ., (ii) I think the guide ...... take us around the old monument., (iii) My brother who is a wrestler ....... lift this big pole., (iv)You .......come to bungalow whenever you wish., Answer : (i) could (ii) should (iii) can (iv) may, Exercise 3.Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow.[Sec. Board Exams : 2013], should, may, might, must, could), (i) He....................swim very well in his youth., (ii) You are not well at all. You..................see a doctor at once., (iii) Work hard lest you ....... fail., (iv) He is working hard so that he ......... win a scholarship., Answer: (i) could (ii) must (iii) should (iv) may, Exercise 4.Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow, (can, could, may, must, might), , (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), , (can ,, , There are clouds in the sky. So it .......... rain today., His lungs have become very weak. So he ..........give up smoking., My grandmother is over sixty, but she ......... still read without glasses., He belonged to a poor family therefore, he ......... not buy a car., , Answer: (i) may (ii) must (iii) can (iv) could, Exercise 5. Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow., (can, could, may, should, might), , (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), , Raju is very intelligent he…….. get Ist Division in the board examination., You are very weak, you……….take nutritious food., He ………….play football, When he was in school., You have completed your homework, now you……….go., , Answer. (i) can (ii) should (iii) could (iv) may, Exercise 6. Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow., (can, could, may, must, might), , (i) There are not clouds in the sky, but it………rain today., (ii) Your son has got a first position in the board’s exam. He........be a very, intelligent boy., 12

Page 13 :
(iii) She was a rich lady so she………buy a car for her son., (iv) The patient is very serious. He………..die at any time., Answer (i) might(ii) must (iii) could (iv) may, Exercise 7. Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow., (can, could, may, ought to, might), , (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), , The last bus has gone, so he………come now., ………..you help me, please?, I………..solve any question of this exercise, The clouds are dark, so it ………….rain today., , Answer. (i) might (ii) could (iii) can (iv) may, Exercise 8. Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow., (can, could, ought to, should, would ), , (i) I……….run fast when I was young., (ii) You are ill. You……..take rest., (iii) She……..speak Hindi well., (iv) You………..to serve your old parents., Answer. (i) could (ii) should (iii) can (iv) ought to, Exercise 9. Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow., (ought to, shall, will, must, should), , (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), , You………do your duty honestly., My son……….help you., I……….help you., We………to be a good citizen., , Answer. (i) should (ii) shall (iii) will (iv) ought to, Exercise 10. Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given blow., (may, must, might, should, would), , (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), , He…… play football in his childhood., You….look after your old father., Those boy……….pass because they are negligent to studies., A soldier……..be in the uniform., , Answer. (i) would (ii) should (iii) might (iv) must, , Active to Passive, Active voice (emphasis on subject), I, WRITE, A LETTER, S (doing action) verb, O (receiving action), Passive voice (emphasis on object), A LETTER, IS WRITTEN(V3), O – NEW S (receiving action) verb, action), , BY, , ME, S NEW O (doing, , 13

Page 14 :
• USE OF HELPING VERBS : MAIN VERB ALWAYS V3, Tense, simple, continuous, perfect, , Present, is/ am/are, is/ am/are+ being, have/has been, , Past, was/were, was/were + being, had been, , Future, shall/will be, shall/will + being, shall/will + have been, , • If ‘USED TO’/ ‘WOULD ALWAYS’ / ‘WOULD’ words are in the sentence then, add ‘be’ after these words., , • New object as per old subject :, ACTIVE (Old subject), PASSIVE (New object), , I, ME, , WE, US, , YOU THEY, YOU THEM, , HE, HIM, , SHE, HER, , • IMPERATIVE SENTENCES : ( expresses : command, request, advice), Add LET before and BE after the object., EXAMPLE : Open the door/ Turn off the computer/ Learn your lesson., ( LET the door BE opened.), , A.V-Ramesh has prepared tea., P.V- Tea has been prepared by Ramesh., A.V - He gives me a lot more money., P.V- I am given a lot more money by him., or, A lot more money is given to me by him., Rule:-4. Active ls Passive cukrs le; Active ds Object dks Passive dk Subject cuk, fn;k tkrk gS tSls&, A.V- He likes tea at 4.00PM every evening., P.V- Tea is liked at 4.00PM every evening by him., A.V- Do you write letters?, P.V- Are letters written by you?, Example:- A.V.:- I have given him a book., P.V. :- He has been given a book by me., or, A book has been given to him by me., , Simple Present, Examples:-, , 1., , You do not do your work., , P.V- Your work is not done by you., 14

Page 15 :
2., , I give money to my father., , P.V- Money is given to my father by me., , 3., , I do my duties., , P.V- My duties are done by me., , 4., , Do you like your house?, , P.V- Is your house liked by you?, , 5., , I do not know the shopkeeper., , P.V- The shopkeeper is not known by me., , 6., , Do I not decorate the home?, , P.V- Is the home not decorated by me?, , 7., , Does your father build the houses?, , P.V- Are the houses built by your father?, , 8., , She prepares food for everybody in this family., , P.V- Food for everybody in this family is prepared by her., , 9., , or, Food is prepared for everybody in this family by her., Does Raman not ask his teachers some questions about national problems?, , P.V- Are his teachers not asked some questions about the national problems by Raman?, , 10. I do not like book which was given to you., P.V- The book which was given to you is not liked by me., 11. Do you not teach them Hindi?, P.V- Are they not taught Hindi by me?, , Note:-Passvie cukrs le; िनिलिखत Subject dks Object cukdj ugh fy[kk tkrk gSA, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., , They, We, This…….., That………, These…….., Those……., ………people………, ……….person…….., Every……., Some…....., Any……, No one, no body, Police, Students, Boys, Girls, The teachers, Present simple, , Examples:-, , 1., , The teachers teach the student., , P.V- The students are taught., , 2., , They do not ask the questions in the class room., , P.V- The questions are not asked in the class room., , 3., , We do not say them anything., , P.V- They are not said anything., 15

Page 16 :
4., , Every student says something about this book., , P.V- Something about this book is said., , 5., , These boys play football at 4.30PM., , P.V- Football is played at 4.30., , 6., , These People never cut the trees in this village., , P.V- The trees are never cut in this village., 7. He does his home work., P.V- His home work is done by him., 8. Do you like mango the most/, P.V- Is the mango liked the most?, , Present Continuous, Examples-, , 1., , Am I not asking you any question?, , P.V- Are you not asked any question by me?, , 2., , Are they watering the plants in the garden?, , P.V- Are the plants being watered in the garden?, , 3., , I am not saying something to you., , P.V- Something is not being said to you by me., , 4., , Are they not singing the song?, , P.V- Is the song not being sung?, , 5., , Am I not giving you money for your education?, , P.V- Are you not being given money for your education by me?, , 6., , They are playing the drama for the NGO., , P.V- The drama is being played for the NGO., , Present perfect Tense, Examples:-, , 1., , He has had this car., , P.V- This car has been had by him., , 2., , He has not had this car., , P.V- This car has not been had by him., , 3., , Has he had this car?, , P.V- Has this car been had by him?, , 4., , Has he not had this car?, , P.V- Has this car not been had by him?, , 5., , I have broken this table glass., , P.V- This table glass has not been broken by me., , 6., , Have I not broken this table glass?, , P.V- Has this table glass not been broken by me?, , 7., , She has asked everybody about her son., , P.V- Everybody has been asked about her son by her., Past Simple, Examples:-, , 1., , He did not do his work., , P.V.- His work was not done by him., 2., Radha did not read a novel., P.V- A novel was not read by Radha., 3., Did I teach him ?, 16

Page 17 :
P.V Was he taught by me ?, 4., Did she not write a story ?, P.V Was a story not written by her ?, Past Continuous, Examples:1., Ramesh was teaching Hindi., P.V Hindi was being taught by Ramesh., 2. You were not cooking rice., P.V Rice was not being cooked by you., 3. Was she taking food ?, P.V Was food being cooked by her ?, 4. Were they not singing songs ?, P.V Were songs not being sung ?, 5. Were they not asking you these questions ?, P.V Were you not being asked these questions ?, Past Perfect, Examples:-, , 1., , I had Taken your book., , P.V. Your book had been taken by me., 2. Ram had not taken tea., P.V. Tea had not been taken by Ram., 3. Had the peon rung the bell ?, P.V. Had the bell rung by the peon ?, 4. Had Anil not finished his work ?, P.V. Had his work not been finished by Anil ?, Simple Future, Examples:1. He will sing a song., P.V. A song will be sung by him., 2. I shall not read a novel., P.V. A novel will not be read by me., 3. Will Mukesh eat mangoes ?, P.V. Mangoes will be eaten by Mukesh ?, 4. Shall we not do our homework ?, P.V. Will our homework not done., 5. They will decorate the house., P.V The house will be decorated., Future Perfect Tense, Examples:-, , 1., , I shall not ask your teacher., , P.V. Your teacher will not be asked by me., , 2., , They will not have told this man., , P.V. This man will not have been told., , 3., P.V., 4., P.V., 5., , Shall we not have any reason?, Will any reason not be had?, Will you have refused the king?, Will the King have been refused by you?, Will the players not play this match?, 17

Page 18 :
P.V. Will this match not be played?, 6., Hari singh will have robbed Anil till tomorrow morning., P.V. Anil will have been robbed till tomorrow morning by Hari singh., , Modal okys Sentences dk Passive Voice, Pattern:- Modal+be+V3, Examples:1. I can do this work., P.V. This work can be done by me., 2. Rahul should obey his parents., P.V. His parents should be obeyed by Rahul., Is /Are/Am/ Was/Were+Going/Coming okys Sentences, is/am/are/was/were+going +to+be+M.V.(III)+by+ O(S), Examples:1., , They are going to buy this house., , P.V. This house is going to be brought., , 2., , I am coming to ask you about this matter., , P.V. You are coming to be asked about this matter by me., , 3., , The police is going to arrest the shopkeeper., , P.V. The shopkeeper is going to be arrested., , 4., , She is going to tell you something., , P.V. You are going to be told something by her., , 5., , Am I not going to give him food?, , P.V. Is he not going to be given food by me?, , 6., , Why are you going to test this dish?, , P.V. Why is this dish going to be tested by you?, , 7., , When are you going to bring the book?, , P.V. When is the book going to be brought by you?, , Wh- Group okys Sentences dk Passive Voice, WH+Hv+S+Mv+O/E?, Examples:-, , 1., , Why was he asking me to go out?, , P.V. Why was I being asked to go out by him?, , 2., , How did you get this house?, , P.V. How was this house got by you?, , 3., , Where is he playing the game?, , P.V. Where is the game being played by him?, , 4., , How are you reading the book without a good eyesight?, , P.V. How is the book being read without a good eyesight by you?, , 5., , Why should I obey you?, , P.V. Why should you be obeyed by me?, , 6., , Why shall I cut this line?, 18

Page 19 :
P.V. Why will this line be cut by me?, , 7., , Where will you arrange the party?, , P.V. Where will the party be arranged by you?, , 8., , When have they told you about that loss in income?, , P.V. When have you been told about that loss income?, , 9., , When will you have done my work?, , P.V. When will my work have been done by you?, , Who okys Sentences, P.V:- By whom+h.v.+s(ob.)+m.v. (III)?, 1., , Who can ask him?, , P.V. By whom can he be asked?, , 2., , Who had taken this responsibility?, , P.V. By whom had this responsibility been taken?, 3. Who is taking this book?, P.V. By whom is this book being taken?, 4. Who will cut the line?, P.V. By whom will the line be cut?, , Whom okys Sentences, Examples:-, , 1., , Whom can I ask?, , P.V. Who can be asked by me?, , 2., , Whom have you given money?, , P.V. Who has/have been given money by you?, , 3., , Whom will I ask about?, , P.V. Who will be asked about by me?, , 4., , Whom did he make fool?, , P.V. Who was made fool by him?, , Imperative Sentence dk Passive Voice, (A) Let+object+be+v3, (B) You are told/asked/ ordered/ requested/ advised+ to+V1……, (C) S+should be+v3, , Examples:1., , Print the newspaper., , P.V. Let the newspaper be printed., , 2., , Allow him to go to Jodhpur., , P.V. Let him be allowed to go to Jodhpur., , 3., , Cut down the tree., , P.V. Let the tree be cut down., , 4., , Put on your school dress., , P.V. Let your school dress be put on., , Please/Kindly, 19

Page 20 :
Example:-, , 1., , Teach us please., , P.V. You are requested to teach., , 2., , Go please., , P.V. You are requested to go., , 3., , Kindly issue me my T.C., , P.V. You are requested to issue me my T.C., , 4., , Please have seat., , P.V. You are requested to have seat., , 5., , Go away please., , P.V. You are requested to go away., , Don’t +V1, Examples:-, , 1., , Don’t ask me., , P.V. Let me not be asked., , 2., , Don’t allow him., , P.V. Let him not be allowed., , 3., , Don’t trap the lion., , P.V. Let the lion not be trapped., Let+ Object, Examples:-, , 1., , Let me ask a question., , P.V. Let a question be asked to me., , 2., , Let me give money., , P.V. Let money be given to me., , 3., , Let him make a plan., , P.V. Let a plan be made to him., , Exercise - 1, ¼1½ The merit students............ by the Board last month., ¼a½ is awarded ¼b½ was awarded ¼c½ are awarded ¼d½ were awarded, ¼2½ Many books ........... by the city library every year., ¼a½ is bought ¼b½ are bought ¼c½ was bought ¼d½ were bought, Answers : (1) (d) were awarded, (2) (b) are bought, , Exercise - 2, (1) A set of new furniture ............to our office by Mewar Furniture last year., (a) is supplied, (b) was supplied, (c) were supplied, (d) are supplied., (2) The daily newspaper "The Rajasthan Ujala' ..............in our town even now ., (a) was published, (b) will published, (c) were published, (d) is published, Answers : (1) (b), (2) (d), , Exercise - 3, 20

Page 21 :
1. Ramayana......................by Tulsidas., (a) are written, (b) was written, (c) will be written, (d) was been written, 2. The sale of tickets for the show ..................... from next week., (a) is started, (b) are started, (c) will start, (d) was started, Answer : 1. (b) 2. (a), , Exercise - 4, 1. He stole his neighbour's gold so he........... ., (a) was arrested, (b) will be arrested, (c) is being arrested, (d) is arrested, 2. I know that he ........... to Canada for higher education next year., (a) is sent, (b) is being sent, (c) will be sent, (d) was sent, Answer : 1. (a) 2. (c), , Direct to Indirect Direct Speech, A. Reporting Verb and Conjuction lEca/kh Change:Sentence, Assertive, Interrogative, Imperative, Optative, Exclamatory, , Reporting Verb, Tell/tells/told, Ask/asks/asked, Told/asked/advised/, ordered/requested forbade not, Wished/blessed/cursed, Exclaimed with sorrow/joy/surprise, , Conjunction, That, If/whether/WH, To (V1), Not to (Don’t+V1), That, That, , B. Pronoun lEca/kh Change:I am saying to you, “ she has given her sister the book.”, I am telling you that she has given her sister the book., I have said to him,”you are very good student”., I have told him that he is very good student., Ramesh will say to me, “ I will do your work., Ramesh will tell me that he shall do my work., The teachers are saying to the students,''You have to do yours work”., The teachers are telling the students that they have to do their work., I said to him, "You are very good student.", I told him that he was very good student., , Short Trick: -, , SON, 123, , C. Tense lEcU/kh Change, , 21

Page 22 :
Rule:- ;fn Reporting verb present ;k future rense es gks rks Reported specch ds, tense es dksbZ change ugh gksxk tSls%&, I have said to Rahul, “you may go”., I have told Rahul that he may go., Rule-2 ;fn Reporting verb past tense esa gks rks Reported speech ds tense fuEu, lkj.kh ds vuqlkj change gksxk%&, V1, do/does+V1, do/does not, is/am/are, has/have, V2, did+V1, was/were, Can\, Will, Shall, May, Must, , V2, did not, was/were, Had, had+V3, had been, Could, Would, Should, Might, must/had to (past), , (II) le; o nwjh lEcU/kh ifjorZu :-This – that, These – those, Here – there, Now – then, Ago – before, Today – that day, Tomorrow – the next day, Next day – the following day, Yesterday – the previous day, Last week…..- the previous week…., , Examples –, 1., I.D, 2., I.D, 3., I.D, 4., I.D, 5., , You said to me,” I am going to buy yours house”., You told me that you were going to buy my house., I said to him,”you are going to play with the team.”, I told him that he was going to play with the team., Rakesh said to Meera ,” You have to give her your oen.”, Rakesh told Meera that she had to give her her pen., I said to him, “You are looking very nice.’, I told hin that he was looking very nice., Rakesh said to sandeep and his sister, ;You did not ask me any question.”, , 22

Page 23 :
I.D Rakesh told sandeep and his sister that they had not asked him any, question., 6. I had told her,” You are making me a fool,”, I.D I had told her that she was making me a fool., 7. He asked me, “They are cutting the card board .”, I.D He asked me that They were cutting the card-load., 8. Raman said to prem,”I am not a player.”, I.D Raman told prem thet he was not a player., 9. He said to me,”I had a note book of you.”, I.D He told me that he had had a notebook of me., 10. Rakesh told his sister,” I don’t want to say you any thing my alan which is related to your, mistakes.”, I.D Rakesh told his sister that he didn’t want to say her anything about his plan which was, related to her mistakes., 11. The class teacher said,” studenr’s. I knew every thing about you,”, I.D The class teacher told the students that he had known everything about them., 12. She said,” mother I want to say you some thing about my school,”, I.D She told mother that she wanted to say her something about her school., , Interrogative Sentences, fu;e 1- ;fn reported speech helping verb okys Interrogative gks rks Reporting, verb dks ask es cny nsrs gS rFkk tksMus ds fy, if dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA, Examples:- (1) I said to him,” Are you going to jaipur.?”, I.D- I asked him if he was coming to Jaipur., fu;e 2- Reported specch ds Inrerrogative sentence dks positive cuk fn;k tkrk, gSA, Examples:1., , Rahul said to my mother,” Did your son write the letter to your husband, before last Monday,”, , I.D Rahul asked my mother if her son had written the letter to her husband before the, previous Monday., 2. He said to Ram,” Do you Like this car?”, I.D- He asked Ram if he liked that car., 3. I said him ,” Are you asking this question ?”, I.D- I asked him if he was asking that question., , Wh-Group okys Inrerrogative Sentence, fu;e 1- Reporting verb vkSj Reported speech dks tksMus es wh-Group okys 'kCn, gh dke vk;sxkA, Examples:1., , They said to me, “when did we say some thing to this man?”, , I.D- They asked me when they had said something to that man., 2. I told your father,”why are you asking about your son ?”, 23

Page 24 :
I.D- I asked your father why he was asking me about his son., 3. Yash said to Shiv,''Where are you going ?'', I.D- Yash asked Shiv where he was going., , Imperative Sentences, (a), , Please/kindly okys Imperative Sentence, , fu;e 1- Reporting verb , requested gksxh] Reported Speech es ls please ;k kindly, dks gVkdj ’to’ ls 'ks"k okD; tksM fn;k tkrk gSA, Examples:1., I.D2., I.D3., I.D4., I.D-, , The student said to me,”please answer my question, The student requested me to answer his question., Madhu said to me,” Kindly issue me my T.C.”, Madhu requested me to issue her her T.C., The captain said to the coach,”please don’t arrange the extra player.”, The captain requested the coach not to arrange the extra player., I requested him,”take it without asking any thing,”, I requested him to take it without asking anything., , (b) Don’t okys Imperative Sentences, fu;e 1- Reporting verb forbade gksxh ] Reported Speech es ls don’t dks gVkdj, ’to’ ls 'ks"k okD; tksM fn;k tkrk gSA, Examples:(1), , The caption said to the coach, “Don’t arrange the extra player”., , I.D- The caption forbade the coach to arrange the extra player., , (2), , She said to me, “Don’t cut the wire”., , I.D- She forbade me to cut the wire., (3) I said to my brother,” don’t say me anything about your friend., I.D- I forbade my brother to say me anything about his friend, st, , ( c) M.V dh 1 form ls 'kq:kr okys Imperative Sentences, , fu;e 1 Reporting verb, Reported speech ds Hkko ds vuqlkj change gksxh] mlds, ckn Reported speech dks ‘to’ ls tksM fn;k tkrk gSA, Examples:1., He said to his teacher,” check it ,sir”, I.D He requested his teacher to check it., 2. Geeta said to her friend,”Ask your mother don’t ask me.”, I.D- Geeta advised her friend to ask her mother and forbade to ask her., 3., I said to my students,” write down the note,”, I.D- I ordered my students to write down the note., , (d) Let ls 'kq: gskus okys Imperative Sentences, (A), , Let us ls 'kq: gksus okys &, 24

Page 27 :
¼2½ The bookseller asked Gopal, "Which book do you want?", The bookseller asked Gopal .........................., ¼3½ Gopal said, "I want some English Grammar books"., Gopal said ......................................................., ¼4½ The bookseller said ,"I have got a lot of new books.", The bookseller replied ....................................., Answer : ¼1½ Gopal requested the bookseller to provide him some new books., ¼2½ The bookseller asked Gopal which book he wanted., ¼3½ Gopal said that he wanted some English Grammar books., ¼4½ The bookseller replied that he had got a lot of new books., , Secondary Board Examination : 2014, Rewrite the following sentences by changing them from direct to indirect speech:, , 1. Rita said to Amar ,"Have you seen my diary ?", Rita asked Amar............................................... ., 2. Amar said," Is it the one with a brown cover?", Amar asked her ................................................ ., 3. Rita said to Amar," Oh yes, brother !", Rita .................................................................... ., 4. Amar said to Rita," I saw it lying on the new shelf in our drawing room", Amar told Rita that ............................................. ., Answer : 1. Rita asked Amar if he had seen her diary., 2. Amar asked her if that was the one with a brown cover., 3. Rita asserted with surprise., 4. Amar told Rita that he had seen that lying on the new shelf in their drawing, room., Secondary Board Examination : 2013, , Rewrite the following sentences by changing them from direct to indirect speech:, 1. Mother, : Don't go near the fire, children., Children, : O.K. Mama, we won't., (i) The mother warned the children ................................... ., (i) The children replied in affirmation................................ ., 2. Ram, : I plan to leave for USA next week., Raghav, : Please bring a laptop for me., (i) Ram said that ................................................... ., (ii) Raghav requested Ram ................................ ., Answer : 1. (i) The mother warned the children not to go near the fire., or, The mother warned the children against going near the fire., (ii)The children replied in affirmation and said that they wouldn't., 2. (i) Ram said that he planned to leave for USA the following week., (ii)Raghav requested Ram to bring a laptop for him., Secondary Board Examination : 2012, , Rewrite the following sentences by changing them from direct to indirect speech:, 1., , Ramesh, , : Ravi, what are you doing these days?, , Ravi, , : Ramesh, I am working in a glass factory., 27

Page 39 :
2. Adverb Clause of Time (le; okys fØ;k fo'ks"k.k miokD;), (a) Pattern:- ..........had + v3rd form........... before..........v2nd form...., Examples:(i) Radha had written a novel before her mother came., (ii) They had gone before the teacher came., (b) Pattern:- ..........v2nd form.........after.........had + v3rd form.......... ., Example:(I) He went out after the rain had stopped., (ii) I had reached school after the bell had rung., , Questions from Text Books, First Flight, 1. A Letter to God, , G.L. Fuentes, 39

Page 40 :
A. Answer the following questions in 30-40 word. [3 marks], 1. Why was Lancho happy to see the rain falling ?, Ans:- Lancho was happy to see the rain falling because it is very useful for his crop. For him, every drop was a coin. The rain was very useful for his crop., , 2 . What did Lancho write to God In his letter ?, Ans:- Lancho wrote to god in his letter that the crop had been destroyed by the hails. If god did, not help him. He and his family would go hungry that year. He needed a hundred pesos for new, crop., 3 . Why did Lancho write another letter to God ?, Ans :- Lancho wrote another letter to god because he wanted the 30 pesos also. So he made a, request to send the rest amount. He requested not to send it through the mail., B. Answer the following questions in 60 words. [4 marks], 1. Draw the character sketch of Lencho., Ans:- Lencho is a farmer. He has a family. He works hard as animal. He knows farming and also, writing. He has firm faith in God and his kindness. He is sure to get help from God. He does only, one mistake. He fails to imagine about the post office employees., 2 . Why and how did the post master answer the letter of Lencho ?, Ans:- The post master is kind-hearted and very nice person. When he read the letter of Lencho,, he wondered at his firm faith in God. He did not want to shake Lencho's faith.He sent as much, money as he could arrange. He arranged seventy pesos and sent them to Lencho. Thus, he, helped Lencho., 2. Nelson Mandela : Long Walk to Freedom Nelson R. Mandela, A . Answer the following questions in 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1. What did the white do to rule the black?, Ans:- To rule the black, whites of south Africa have made a system of racial domination. This, system was created to rule the black., 2. What does ‘the sun shall never set’ mean here?, Ans:- Nelson Mandela said, “The sun shall never set” Here it means that the sun of liberty and, freedom of south-Africa shall never set., 3 How, According to Mandela, is the oppressor a prisoner?, Ans:- According to Mandela, the oppressor is a prisoner of hatred. A person is not truely free if, he is taking away someone else’s freedom., 4 What does Mandela say about the people of south-Africa?, Ans:- Mandela said about the people of south-Africa that they are finer and truer than the purest, diamonds. They are the greatest wealth of the countary., B. Answer the following questions in 60 words. [4 marks], 1 How did the black struggle for freedom?, Ans:- The black had a hard struggle for freedom. Many of them lost their lives. They fought, against the policy of apartheid. They stood up to the attacks and the tortures without breaking., Thus, the black struggled for freedom., 40

Page 41 :
2 What, according to Mandela, is the freedom?, Ans;- According to Mandela, the freedom is indivisible. The chains on any one of the people, were the chains on all of them. According to him, the chains on all the people of South Africa, were the chains on him., 3 What vision does Nelson Mandela have for the future of South Africa?, Ans;- Nelson Mandela have the fellowing vision for the South Africa that the people will be liberated, form the continuing boundage of poverty, deprivation, suffering gender and other discrimination., Freedom will feign here. Such a society must be born of which all humanity will be proud., 3 . Two Stories About Flying, A. His First Flight, Liam o’ Flaherty, A. Answer the following questions in 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 How does the young seagull face the outer and inner heat ?, Ans:- The young seagull faces the outer heat of sun on his face. He had not eaten anything so, that he faces inner heat., 2 What do you know about the young seagull’s family ?, Ans:- The young seagull has a small and very nice family. He has mother and father. He has two, brothers and a sister. Thus, there are six members in his family., 3 Why was the young seagull alone on his ledge ?, Ans:- The young seagull was alone on his ledge because his whole family had flown away. But, he failed to flight. He has no courage, B. Answer the following question in about 60 words. [4 marks], 1 Explain the first flight of young seagull when his mother tricked him for the fish - food?, or, How does the young seagull learn to fly?, or, " The sight of the food maddened him" What does this suggest? What compelled the young, seagull to finally fly?, Ans:- The seagull stays his ledge. He is very hungry. When his mother brings a fish, maddened by, hunger young seagull dived at the fish food. He falls down. To save his life, he has to flap his wings., Thus he makes his first flight., 2 Why and how did the young seagull’s family taut him ?, Ans:- The young seagull’s family tauted him because he had no courage to fly. He did not fly, with them and stayed on his ledge., The parents of young seagull called him shrilly. All the family members walked about on the big, plateau taunting him for his timidity., B. The Black Aeroplane, Frederick Forsyth, A. Answer the following questions in 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 Why didn’t the narrator-pilot return to Paris?, Ans. The narrator-pilot didn’t return to Paris because he wanted to go home. He wanted to take, a nice English breakfast. He was thinking of his holiday., 2 Compare and contrast the flights of the young seagull and the narrator pilot., , 41

Page 42 :
Ans. The young seagull was fearful for his first flight while the pilot was enjoying his flight. Both, the seagull and the pilot faced the hardness in their flight. At last, they both finished their task, in a lucky way., B.Answer the following questions in about 60 words. [4marks], 1 Justify the title of the story ‘The Black Aeroplane’., Ans. The title of the story ‘The Black Aeroplane’ is apt. The black aeroplane is the centre of, the whole story. The pilot had lost his way in storm. The black aeroplane’s pilot told the, way. Thus it played an important role in this story., 2 What were the reasons for the woman in the control room to look at the narrator strangely?, Ans. - The woman in the control room looked at the narrator strangely because he asked the woman, who was the other pilot and where he was. The narrator wanted to thank him. But the woman saw, no other airplanes were flying that night., Narrator plane was only plan which she could see on the radar., , 4. From the Diary of Anne Frank, Anne Frank, A. Answer the following question in 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 Why does Anne want to keep a diary?, Ans. Anne wants to keep a diary because she has no friend to talk and share her feelings with., She thinks that paper has more patience then people., 2 Why does Anne not come closer to her friend?, Ans. Anne has no close friend to talk and share her felling with because she thinks that paper, has more patience then people. She does not confide in her friends., B.Answer the following question in about 60 words. [4 marks], 1 Why does Anne Frank‘s diary have so much importance?, Ans. Anne Frank’s diary has importance because it is a authentic record about the life during, second world war. It tells us about racial killings, harms of wars, Nazi rule and it’s impect on life., It tells us about the hellish life of people during the world war. Several films were made on it., 5. The Hundred Dresses - I, , El Bsor Ester, , A. Answer the following question in 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1. Where in the classroom does Wanda sit and why?, or, Where in the classroom does Wanda sit and why?, or, Where did Wanda sit in the classroom and why?, Ans. Wanda sits in the seat next to the last seat in the last row. Because she comes all the way, on feet and her feet are covered with dry mud., 2. Who won the drawing contest? What had the winner drawn?, Ans. Wanda won the drawing contest. The winner had drawn one hundred designs of dresses., All of them were very beautiful., B. Answer the following questions in about 60 words. [4 marks], 1 Compare and contrast Wanda, Peggy and Maddie., 42

Page 43 :
Ans. Wanda : Wanda is a poor girl. She is a polish- American girl. She is a good artist. She is not, popular in her school., Peggy: Peggy is a rich girl. She is an American girl. She is a good artist. She is popular in, school. She is a talktive girl., Maddie: Maddie is a poor girl. She is moralist. She is not a good artist but she is very, emotional. She is a close friend of Peggy., , 6. The Hundred Dresses- II, , El Bsor Ester, , A. Answer the following question in 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 How does Middie feel after listening to the note from Wanda’s father?, Ans. After listening to the note from Wanda’s father, Maddie feels greatly hurt. She could not put, her mind on her work. She thinks that she was coward; she couldn’t stop Peggy. Thus she feels, very bad., 2 How did the two girls know that the Petronskis had gone?, Ans. The two girls knew that the Petronskis had gone, after reaching their house, they found it, empty. There was no sign of life., 3 What does Maddie thinks hard about? What important decision does she come to?, Ans. Maddie thinks hard about Wanda, her blue dress, her little house and her drowing. She, comes to an important decision of newer going to stand by. Now she would never make, anybody unhappy., 4 What did Wanda write in her letter to miss Mason?, Ans. In her letter to miss Mason, Wanda wrote them to marry Christmas to her and everybody, in school. She gave all her drawings to the school girls. She wished Peggy and Maddie who, would make fun of her., 7. Glimpses of India, I. A Baker from Goa, , Lucio Rodrigues, , A. Answer the following questions in 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 What does a ‘Jackfruit-like appearance’ mean?, Ans. ‘A jackfruit-like appearance’ means a very fat body. According to writer the baker, his, family and his servants were always looked happy., 2 What do you know about the baker’s dress?, Ans. Bakers used to wear a special dress known as the ‘Kabai’. It is a single piece long frock, reaching shorter than full length ones and longer than half pants., B. Answer the following questions in about 60 words. [4 marks], 1 What is the baker called? When would he come every day? Why did the children run to, meet him?, Ans. The baker is called ‘pader’. He would come twice a day. Once when he set out in the, morning on his selling round, and then again, when he returned after emptying his basket. The, children ran to meet him for bread- bangles or sweet bread., , 43

Page 44 :
II. Coorg, , Lokesh Abrol, , A. Answer the following questions in 30-40 words: [3 marks], 1 Where is Coorg?, Ans. Coorg is the smallest district of Karnataka. It is between Mysore and coastal town of, Mangalore. It looks like a piece of heaven., 2 How can you say that Coorg people are valorous?, or, How can it be said that the people of Coorg are men of valour?, Ans. The people of Coorg are free men. It is said that they were related to Alexander’s army., The Coorg Regiment is one of the most decorated in the Indian Army. The first chief of the, Indian Army, General Cariappa, was a coorg., III. Tea from Assam, Arup kumar Datta, A. Answer the following questions in 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 What do you learn about the tea pluckers from the lesson ‘Tea from Assam’?, Ans. We learnt a lot about the tea pluckers from the lesson ‘Tea from Assam’. They Works in, groups. They have bamboo baskets in their backs. They pluck new leaves of tea plants., 2 What are the legends about the discovery of tea?, or, or, (i) What is the Chinese legend about discovery of tea?, How did the Chinese emperor discover tea?, or, (ii) What is an Indian legend about tea?, What is the story of the Buddhist ascetic about tea?, Ans. (i) The Chinese legend is of a Chinese emperor. He used to drink boiled water. By chance, few leaves of the burning twigs fells into the water. They were tea leaves., Ans (ii) The Indian legend is of a Buddhist ascetic Buddhist ascetic Bodhidharma . He felt sleep, during his Meditations. He cut off his eyelids. Tea plants grew out of them., , 8. Mijbil the Otter, , Gavin Maxwell, , A. Answer the following questions in 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 Why was the otter named ‘Maxwell’s otter’?, Ans. The otter was named’ Maxwell’s otter because his race was not known to science before, this otter Mijbil. It was kept by Maxwell himself., 2 Why did the friend of the author tell that he could get an otter in the Tigris marshes?, Ans. The friend of the author told that he could get an otter in the Tigris marshes because, otters are found in wet areas near lakes, river or sea. Otters are common in the marshes of the, Tigris., B. Answer the following questions in about 60 words:[4 marks], 1 What does the author say about the otter’s physical features?, Ans. The author says about the otter’s physical features that he looked like a very small dragon., He fully coated with pointed scales of mud armour. He had a soft velvet fur. The fur looks like a, chocolate- brown mole. It is not simple for anybody to find the true colour of an otter., , 44

Page 45 :
9. Madam Rides the Bus, , Vallikkannan, , A. Answer the following questions in 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 Why did the conductor call Valli ‘madam’?, Ans. The conductor called Valli ‘madam’ because he is a jolly person. Valli is behaving like a, very mature woman though she is just eight years old. She answering the questions quickly., She is speaking with great confidence., 2 Why didn’t Valli get off the bus at the bus station?, Ans. Valli didn’t get off the bus at the bus station because she was much too afraid to get down, by herself. She was going back on the same bus. She didn’t have enough money too., 3 What was the most fascinating thing for Valli?, Ans. The most fascinating thing for Valli was the bus. It travelled between her village and the, nearest town. It passed through her street each hour. Once going to the town and once coming, back., 4 What did Valli find out about the bus journey? How did she find out these details?, or, What details sis Valli gather from the conversation between her neighbors?, or, How did Valli gather the details about the bus journey?, Ans.:- Valli gathered the details from the conversation between her neighbour's that the town was, six miles from her village. The fare was thirty paisa one way, the trip took 45 minutes and she could, return home on the same bus., , 10. The Sermon at Benares, A. Answer the followings question in 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 What does the Buddha ask Kisa Gotami to bring?, Ans. The Buddha asks Kisa Gotami to bring a heedful of mustard seed. These are from a house, where no one has lost a child, husband, parents or any relative., 2 What did the house holders reply Kisa Gotami?, Ans. The house holders replied Kish Gotami that the alives were few but the dead were many., There was no house in the world where no one was dead. The death is universal., 3 What do you Know about the ‘Tree of wisdom’?, Ans. Buddha went to the forest to get the truth. He wondered for seven years . Finally he sat, down under a Peepal tree. He got enlightenment under this tree. So that this tree is called, ‘Bodhi Tree ‘or ‘Tree of wisdom ‘., B. Answer the following questions in about 60 word. [4 marks], 1 How can one get peace of mind?, Ans. One can get peace of mind; but it is very hard for a person to get peace of mind. If we do, not get peace of mind, we will make ourselves sick and pale. If we really want to get the peace, of mind, we should draw out the arrow of lamentation , complaint and grief., 2 Why do the wise not grieve for the dead?, 45

Page 46 :
Ans. The wise do not grieve for the dead because they know about the life and it’s terms. No, one can save the relative or friend to die. It is universal that everyone will have to die. The wise, know that this world is full with death and decay. So that the wise do not grieve for the dead., 11. The Proposal, , Anton Chekov, , A. Answer the following question in 30-40 worlds. [3 marks], 1 Give a character sketch of Natalya Stepanovna., or, Draw the character sketch of Natalya., or, Depict the character of Natalya Stepanovna., Ans. Natalya is of 25 years old girl. She is daughter of Chubukov. She is educated. She is not bad, to look at. She is a good house-keeper. She loves Lomov. She is very greedy. She is very rigid, also., , 2 Give a character sketch of lomov?, Ans. Lomov is a 35 years old man. He is a tall man. But he has a weak heart. He is truthful but, rigid. He suffers from sleep sickness., 3 Why does Lomov want to get married?, or, or, Why did Lomov want to marry Natalya immediately?, Why, according to Lomov, is it necessary for him to marry now?, Ans. Lomov wants to get married because he is 35 years old now. It is a too much age far, marriage .He wants to live a quiet and good married life., 4 Why does Natalya ask her father to call lomov back?, or, Why does Natalya ask her father to call Lomov back?, Ans. Natalya asks her father to call lomov back because her father tells that lomov come to, their home to propose to her., 5 How did the second issue of dispute between Natalya and Lomov develop?, Ans. The second issue of dispute between Natalya and Lomov developed about their squeezer and, Guess respectively., 6 How can we say that Natalya was in love Lomov?, or, Can we say that Natalya loved Lomov and how?, Ans. We can say that Natalya was in love with Lomov because when Lomov went outside, she asked, his father to bring him back. At last she married Lomov., 7 Do you think ,’ The proposal’ is a great comedy ? How?, or, ‘The Proposal’ is a humorous play. Illustrate., or, Write the theme of the play 'The Proposal'. ¼ Sec. Exam., 2015½, or, How can you say that 'The Proposal' as a humorous play?, Ans. ‘The proposal’ is a great comedy. All the members of play like Lomov,Natalya and, Chubukov are very funny. They quarrel over foolish things. All this creates a laughter., 8 The cause of the dispute was the 'Oxen Meadows' comment., Ans. The cause of the dispute was the 'Oxen Meadows' because lomov claimed that these were, of his. But Natalya argued that these were of her., , 46

Page 47 :
POEMS : Explanations and Important Questions, , Trick- सभी Poems ds fy, Reference , context, explanation,and critical, comments के िलए Table Poem, , Poet, , Theme, , 1, , Dust of Snow, , Robert Frost, , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6., , Fire and Ice, A Tiger in the Zoo, How to tell wild animals, The Ball poem, Amanda, , Robert Frost, Leslie Norries, Caroln Wells, John Berryman, Robin Klein, , 7., 8, , Animals, The Tress, , Walt Whitman, Adrienne Rich, , 9, 10, , Fog, The Tale of Custard The, Dragon, For Anne Gregory, , Carl Sandburg, Ogden Nash, , The simple falling of the dust of the snow and, mood of the poet., Desire and haterd as fire and ice., The tiger and freedom for animals., Creation of humour and wild animals., The ball and the art of bearing the loss., Amanda and the nagging of parents at the, children ., The animals and human weaknesses ., The tress and the conflict between man and, nature., The fog and nearness with nature ., The fair weather friends through Belinda,, custard, ink,blink and mustard., Physical beauty and moral qualities., , S.No., , 11, , William Butler Yeats, , Reference , context, explanation,and critical comments for all poems, Reference- These lines have been taken from the poem "Name of poem" composed by "Name of, poet"., Context- In this poem " Name of poem " the poet " Name of poet "wants to tell us about, subject.(subject to be taken from above table.), Explanation- This stanza is a good example of Name of poet 's simplicity of words and diction., Poet has tried his best to glorify “Subject". Poet comes before us as a true lover of nature . These, line are highly musical ." subject is seen in the whole stanza.The poet is able to produce a great, effect on our mind and heart. The poem is a good expression of poet's mind and heart., Critical Comments –, , 1234567-, , This is a very beautiful poem about "subject "., The poet has used simple and beautiful language., The poet has used simple words in the poem ., This poem is a good example of figure of speech., The poet has used good style in the poem"., The subject of the poem is very good., The poem gives a sound and deep message., , 47

Page 48 :
1. Dust Of Snow, , Robert Frost, , Stanza -1, The way a crow, Shook down on me., The dust of snow, From a hemlock tree., (sec. exam. 2013), Reference: This stanza has been taken from the poem “Dust Of Snow, ” composed by, Robert frost., Context: In this poem the poet wants to tell about a simple but very important incident., Explanation : Robert frost says that one day, in his way, a crow shook down the snow from a, hemlock tree. Hemlock tree is a poisonous tree., Critical Note, , a) This incident made the poet happy., b) There is rhyme in the words, ”crow………snow”., c) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza-2, Has given my heart, A change of mood, And save some part, Of a day I had rued., (sec. exam. 2013), Reference: This stanza has been taken from the poem “Dust Of Snow, ” composed by, Robert frost., Context: In this poem the poet wants to tell about a simple but very important incident., Explanation : Robert frost says that he was in the sad mood and sitting under a hemlock tree., But the falling of snow changed his mood. Now he was so happy. He used the day which was, going to wasted., Critical Note, , a. This incident made the poet happy., b. Alliteration has been used in the line, “saved some“., c. The language of the poem is very simple., ,
Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words., 1. What sides of nature do crow and hemlock represent?, Ans. The crow represents dark and sorrowful sides of nature. He hemlock represent the, poisonous side of nature., 2 What is the central idea of the poem ‘Dust of snow’?, or, Write the main theme of the poem 'Dust of Snow'., Ans. The central idea of the poem, ‘Dust of Snow’ is that sometime a simple action puts a great, effect on human mind. It can change the mood or life of a human., 3 How were the mood of the poet changed?, Ans. Under a Hemlock tree a crow shook down the dust of snow on the poet. Thus, the mood of, the poet were changed., 2. Fire and Ice, Robert Frost, Stanza- 1, Some say the world will in fire, Some say in ice., From what I’ve tasted of desire, I held with those who favour fire., (sec. exam. 2014), Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem “Ice and Fire” composed by Robert, frost., Context:- In this poem the poet wants to tell about the idea how the world will end., 48

Page 49 :
Explanation :- Robert frost says that some people say, the world will end in fire while some say, that the world will end in fire. But the poet wants to favour about fire idea., Critical Note, (i)The poet says that desires can cause end of the world., (ii)Alliteration has been used in the line, “some say the world will end “., (iii)The language of the poem is very simple., , Stanza-2, But if it had to perish twice,, I think I know enough of hate, To say the for destruction ice, Is also great, And would suffice., Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem “Ice and Fire” composed by Robert, frost., Context :- In this poem the poet wants to tell about the idea how the world to tell about the, idea how the world will end., Explanation :- Robert frost wants to say that the world cannot end twice. He feels that hate is, enough to end the world. But the desire also ends the world. Thus the result is also same., Critical Note, , a) The poet says that two options for the end of the world, one by, fire and the other by ice., b) The language of the poem is very simple., ,
Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words:, 1. What is the message of the poem “Ice and Fire”?, Ans ;- Desires can cause end of the world. The world will perish due to unending desires and, continuous hatred., 2 How will the world end according to the poet? [ Sec. Exam 2012], Ans. According to the poet the world will end by fire means by greed and lust or by ice means, Hatred., , 3. A Tiger in The Zoo, Leslie Norris, Stanza- 1, He stalks in his vivid stripes, The few steps of his cage,, On pads of velvet quiet,, In his quiet rage., Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem “A Tiger in The Zoo” composed by Leslie, Norris., Context:- The poet wants to convey the message of the freedom for animals., Explanation :- Leslie Norris say that the A Tiger in Norris in cage. He is very angry but he is, quiet. He cannot express his anger. He is walking here and there in his cage on his velvet pads., Critical Note (i) This poem gives a deep message towards the wild animals., (ii) The language of the poem is very simple., , Stanza- 2, He should be lurking in shadow,, Sliding through long grass, Near the water hole, Where plump deer pass., 49

Page 50 :
Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem “A Tiger in The Zoo” composed by, Leslie Norris., Context:- The poet wants to convey the message of the freedom for animals., Explanation: - Leslie Norris say that the A Tiger in his natural places must be lurking in, shadow. He must be sliding through long grass. He must be waiting for the plump deer near the, pond. They come there for drinking water., Critical Note, , a) This poem gives a deep message towards the wild animals., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza-3, He should be snarling around houses, At the jungle’s edge,, Baring his white fangs, his claws,, Terrorising the village!, Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem “A Tiger in The Zoo” composed by Leslie, Norris., Context:- The poet wants to convey the message of the freedom for animals., Explanation: - Norris says that a caged tiger can’t do so many things and activities. If he were, free, he would be snarling towards houses. He would terrorising the villagers., Critical Note, , a) This poem gives a deep message towards the wild animals., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 4, But he’s locked in a concrete cell,, His strength behind bars,, Stalking the length of his cage,, Ignoring visitors., Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem “A Tiger in The Zoo” composed by Leslie, Norris., Context:- The poet wants to convey the message of the freedom for animals., Explanation: - Leslie Norris says about the condition of a caged tiger. He is locked in a concrete, cell. His strength is behind bars. He does not care for the visitors. He even ignores them. He, walks in the cage in an angry way., Critical Note, , a) This poem gives a deep message towards the wild animals., b) Alliteration has been used in these words “behind bars”., c) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza-5, He hears the last voice at night,, The patrolling cars,, And stares with his brilliant eyes, At the brilliant stars, Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem “A Tiger in The Zoo” composed by, Leslie Norris., Context:- The poet wants to convey the message of the freedom for animals., Explanation: - Leslie Norris says that at night the caged tiger hears the voice of patrolling cars., He looks at the brilliant stars with his brilliant eyes. He thinks about freedom., Critical Note, , a) This poem gives a deep message towards the wild animals., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words. [3 marks], 50

Page 51 :
1. What message does the poem import ?, Ans ;- The poet wants to convey the message of the freedom for animals., 2. How does the tiger terrorize the villagers ?, Ans :- The tiger terrorizes the villagers, when he snarls around houses., He comes to the houses at the jungles. As edge, by his activities he shows that he can hunt them., 3 What does the poet mean when he says, " His strenght behind the bars"? or, Why is the zoo tigers strength behind the bars?, Ans. The zoo tigers strength behind the bars because he is behind the iron bars and he cannot use, his velvet pads, legs, body. White fangs and claws freely., 4. How to Tell Wild Animals, Carolyn wells, Stanza- 1, If ever you should go by chance, To jungles in the east;, And if there should to you advance, A large and tawny beast,, If he roars at you as you’re dying’, You’ll know it is the Asian Lion..., Reference:- This Stanza has been taken from the poem,” How to Tell Wild Animals” composed, by Carolyn wells., Content :- The poet humorously tells some dangerous ways to identify wild animals., Explanation :- Carolyn walls says that if we go to the jungles of the east and see a brownyellow animal. He roars at you and you feel that you are dying, you can identify that it is Asian, Loin., Critical Note :-, , a) The poet wants to say that it is dangerous to meet with wild, animals., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 2, Or if some time when roaming round,, A noble wild beast greets you,, With black stripes on a yellow ground,, Just notice if he eats you., This simple rule may help you learn, The Bengal Tiger to discern., Reference:- This Stanza has been taken from the poem,” How to tell wild Animals” composed by, Carolyn wells., Content :- The poet humorously tells some dangerous ways to identify wild animals., Explanation :- Carolyn wells says that if you see a noble wild beast in the jungles. He is with, black strips on yellow body. If he starts eating you, you can be sure that it is the Bengal Tiger., Critical Note :-, , a) The poet wants to say that it is dangerous to meet with wild, animals., b) The language of the poem is very simple., c) Alliteration has been used in these words, ”roaming round.”, Stanza- 3, If strolling forth, a beast you view,, Whose hide with spots is peppered,, As soon as he has lept on you,, You’ll know it is the Leopard., ’Twill do no good to roar with pain,, 51

Page 52 :
He’ll only lep and lep again., Reference:- This Stanza has been taken from the poem,” How to tell wild Animals” composed by, Carolyn wells., Content :- The poet humorously tells some dangerous ways to identify wild animals., Explanation :- Carolyn Wells says that if you see an animal with peppered spots on body. He, leaps on you, if you cry hard; it will continue pouncing on you. Thus you will say that it is a, leopard., Critical Note :-, , a) The poet wants to say that it is dangerous to meet with wild, animals., b) The language of the poem is very simple., c) Alliteration has been used in these words, “lep and lep again”., Stanza- 4, If when you’re walking round your yard, You meet a creature there,, Who hugs you very, very hard,, Be sure it is a Bear., If you have any doubts, I guess, He’ll give you just one more caress., Reference:- This Stanza has been taken from the poem,” How to tell wild Animals” composed by, Carolyn wells., Content :- The poet humorously tells some dangerous ways to identify wild animals., Explanation :- Carolyn wells says that if we are walking around our yard, we can meet a Bear, who hugs us very tightly. He kills with this way., Critical Note :-, , a) The poet wants to say that it is dangerous to meet with wild, animals., b) The language of the poem is very simple., c) Alliteration has been used in these words, “Your yard” and ‘very, very hard’., Stanza- 5, Though to distinguish beasts of prey, A novice might nonplus,, The Crocodile you always may, Tell from the Hyena thus:, Hyenas come with merry smiles;, But if they weep they’re Crocodiles., Reference:- This Stanza has been taken from the poem,” How to tell wild Animals” composed by, Carolyn wells., Content :- The poet humorously tells some dangerous ways to identify wild animals., Explanation:- Carolyn wells says that some animals are famous for the habits. For example a, hyena’s laughing voice likes a human laughing sound. A crocodile sheds tears while eating its, prey., Critical Note :-, , a) The poet wants to say that it is dangerous to meet with wild, animals., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 6, The true Chameleon is small,, A lizard sort of thing;, He hasn’t any ears at all,, 52

Page 53 :
And not a single wing., If there is nothing on the tree,, ’Tis the chameleon you see., Reference:- This Stanza has been taken from the poem,” How to tell wild Animals” composed by, Carolyn wells., Content :- The poet humorously tells some dangerous ways to identify wild animals., Explanation:- Carolyn Wells says that the chameleon and a lizard are small in size. They have, no ears and wings. If you find nothing on the tree; then surly chameleon is there., Critical Note :-, , a) The poet wants to say that it is dangerous to meet with wild, animals., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words:, 1. What is the theme of the poem, ‘How to Tell wild Animals’ ?, Ans :- Humor is the theme of the poem. The poet humorously tells some dangerous ways to, identify wild animals., 2. Which beasts of prey does the poet mention in the poem? Why are they called beasts of, pray?, Ans :- The poet mentions the Asian lion, the Bengal tiger, the leopard, the bear, the hyena, the, crocodile and the chameleon. They are called beast of prey because of killing others for food., 5. The Ball Poem, John Berryman, Stanza- 1, What is the boy now, who has lost his ball,, What, what is he to do? I saw it go, Merrily bouncing, down the street, and then, Merrily over — there it is in the water!, Reference:- This Stanza has been taken from the poem, ”The Ball Poem” composed by John, Berryman., Content:- The poet says that a child must learn something new from the experience of losing, something., Explanation :- John Berryman wants to say that a boy has lost his ball. He is very upset. The, poet says that he saw the ball passing through the street, then falling into the water. The poet is, curious to know what the boy will do now., Critical Note: -, , a) The poet tells that one must learn to face and forget the loss., b) Language of poem is very simple., c) Alliteration has been used in these words, “what what”., Stanza- 2, No use to say ‘O there are other balls’:, An ultimate shaking grief fixes the boy, As he stands rigid, trembling, staring down, All his young days into the harbour where, His ball went., Reference:- This Stanza has been taken from the poem, ”The Ball Poem” composed by John, Berryman., Content:- The poet says that a child must learn something new from the experience of losing, something., Explanation :- John Berryman wants to say that after losing the ball, the boy is standing rigid, and trembling. The loss of the ball makes the boy stand still. There is no use to say that the boy, can buy a new ball., Critical Note, 53

Page 54 :
a) The poet tells that one must learn to face and forget the loss., b) Language of poem is very simple., Stanza- 3, I would not intrude on him;, A dime, another ball, is worthless. Now, He senses first responsibility, In a world of possessions. People will take, Balls, balls will be lost always, little boy., And no one buys a ball back. Money is external., Reference:- This Stanza has been taken from the poem, ”The Ball Poem” composed by John, Berryman., Content:- The poet says that a child must learn something new from the experience of losing, something., Explanation :- Johan Berryman wants to say that he has decided not to say anything the boy, because the money for new ball is worthless. Now he will leave the sense of grief. He will be able, to buy a new ball but not his memories., Critical Note: -, , a) The poet tells that one must learn to face and forget the loss., b) Language of poem is very simple., c) Alliteration has been used in these words, ”Balls balls will be”., Stanza-4, He is learning, well behind his desperate eyes,, The epistemology of loss, how to stand up, Knowing what every man must one day know, And most know many days, how to stand up., Reference:- This Stanza has been taken from the poem, ”The Ball Poem” composed by John, Berryman., Content:- The poet says that a child must learn something new from the experience of losing, something., Explanation :- Johan Berryman wants to say that after losing ball the boy is very sad. He must, learn something new from the experience of losing something. He can buy new ball but not the, memories. It means money has got nothing to do with our emotions., Critical Note: -, , a) The poet tells that one must learn to face and forget the loss., b) Language of poem is very simple., Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words: [3 marks], 1 What does the boy learn? ?, , or, , What does the boy learn from the loss of the ball in the poem?, Ans :- The boy learns to face and forget the loss. He learns that everything is subject to lose., 2 What is the central idea of the poem?, Ans. The central idea of the poem is that if you have learnt the art of bearing the loss you can, live peace fully., 3 What was behavior of the boy after losing the ball?, Ans :- After losing the ball, the boy is shocked with lose. He stands rigid. He stares at harbour, where his ball went., Robin Klein, 6. Amanda, Stanza- 1, Don’t bite your nails, Amanda!, Don’t hunch your shoulders, Amanda!, Stop that slouching and sit up straight,, , Amanda!, 54

Page 55 :
Reference :- This stanza has taken from the poem, “Amanda” composed by Robin Klein., Content: - The poet wants to say that parents should not control and stop the freedom of their, children., Explanation: - Robin Klein says that Amanda’s mother tells her not to bite her nails, not to, hunch her shoulders and not to sit lazily. She wants her be up and doing., Critical Note: -, , a) Amanda’s mother controls her daughter’s life., b) Language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 2, (There is a languid, emerald sea,, Where the sole inhabitant is me, A mermaid, drifting blissfully.), Reference :-This stanza has taken from the poem, “Amanda” composed by Robin Klein., Content: - The poet wants to say that parents should not control and stop the freedom of their, children., Explanation: - Robin Klein says that Amanda imagines that she is a free girl like a mermaid. She, is the only habitant of a languid, emerald sea. There is nobody., Critical Note, , a) Amanda’s mother controls her daughter’s life., b) Language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 3, Did you finish your homework, Amanda?, Did you tidy your room, Amanda?, I thought I told you to clean your shoes, Amanda, Reference :-This stanza has taken from the poem, “Amanda” composed by Robin Klein., Content: - The poet wants to say that parents should not control and stop the freedom of their, children., Explanation: - Robin Klein says that Amanda is asked if she has finished her home work,, cleaned her room. Her mother is not sure that she has cleaned and brushed her shoes., Critical Note: -, , a) Amanda’s mother controls her daughter’s life., b) Language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 4, (I am an orphan, roaming the street., I pattern soft dust with my hushed, bare feet., The silence is golden, the freedom is sweet.) ¼Sec. Exam.,2015½, Reference :- This stanza has taken from the poem, “Amanda” composed by Robin Klein., Content: - The poet wants to say that parents should not control and stop the freedom of their, children., Explanation: - Robin Klein says that Amanda imagines that she is a orphan. She is roaming in, the street. She walks bare footed on the dust. For Amanda, silence is golden and freedom is, sweet., Critical Note: -, , a) Amanda’s mother controls her daughter’s life., b) Language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 5, Don’t eat that chocolate, Amanda!, Remember your acne, Amanda!, Will you please look at me when I’m speaking to you,, Amanda!, Reference :- This stanza has taken from the poem, “Amanda” composed by Robin Klein., 55

Page 56 :
Content: - The poet wants to say that parents should not control and stop the freedom of their, children., Explanation: - Robin Klein says that Amanda says not to eat chocolates any more. She is, recalled about her acne. She is not paying attention to them., Critical Note: -, , a) Amanda’s mother controls her daughter’s life., b) Language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 6, (I am Rapunzel, I have not a care;, life in a tower is tranquil and rare;, I’ll certainly never let down my bright hair!), Reference :- This stanza has taken from the poem, “Amanda” composed by Robin Klein., Content: - The poet wants to say that parents should not control and stop the freedom of their, children., Explanation: - Robin Klein says that Amanda imagines to be Rapunzel. She thinks about the life, of Rapunzel which is very peaceful and rare. She wants to get her freedom at any cost., Critical Note: -, , a) Amanda’s mother controls her daughter’s life., b) Language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 7, Stop that sulking at once, Amanda!, You’re always so moody, Amanda!, Anyone would think that I nagged at you, Amanda!, Reference :- This stanza has taken from the poem, “Amanda” composed by Robin Klein., Content: - The poet wants to say that parents should not control and stop the freedom of their, children., Explanation: - Robin Klein says that Amanda is told not to be in bad-mood. Her mother thinks, that she is so moody. She has a fear also that anyone would think that Amanda is controlled very, much., Critical Note: -, , a) Amanda’s mother controls her daughter’s life., b) Language of the poem is very simple., ,
Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words: [3 marks], 1 Why does Amanda want to be a mermaid?, Ans:- Amanda wants to be a mermaid because she likes to enjoy a peace of the sea. She will be, the only inhabitant there., 2 What is the theme of the poem ‘Amanda’?, Ans :- The theme of the poem is that parents should not control and stop the freedom of their, children., 3 How is the mermaid described in the poem ‘Amanda’?, Ans :- The mermaid is described as a inhabitant of the sea who enjoys full freedom. She is the, only inhabitant of that sea., 4 How does Amanda behave in the poem throughout?, Ans:- Amanda be have sulkily in the poem throughout. she thinks to be a mermaid or an, orphan., , 7. Animals, Stanza- 1, , Walt Whitman, 56

Page 57 :
I think I could turn and live with animals, they are, So placid and self-contain’d,, I stand and look at them long and long., Reference :- This stanza has taken from the poem, “Animals” composed by Walt Whitman., Content: - The poet wants to convey the message of love, fellow feelings, sympathy, respect, cooperation, friendship and respect to the elders., Explanation: - Walt Whitman says that he feels more at home with animals than with human, beings. He thinks of living with animals. According to the poet they are calm and self –, contained. He looks at animals and thinks about their life and living style., Critical Note: -, , a) The poet wants to say that the feelings are more important., b) Language of the poem is very simple., Stanza-2, They do not sweat and whine about their condition,, They do not lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins,, They do not make me sick discussing their duty to God,, Reference :- This stanza has taken from the poem, “Animals” composed by Walt Whitman., Content: - The poet wants to convey the message of love, fellow feelings, sympathy, respect, cooperation, friendship and respect to the elders., Explanation: - Walt Whitman says human are false. The animals do not become worried and, complain about their condition. They didn’t lie awake at night in the dark. They didn’t weep for, their sin. They don’t make anybody sick discussing their duty about God., Critical Note: -, , a) The poet wants to say that the feelings are more important., b) Language of the poem is very simple., c) Alliteration has been used in these words, “make me”., Stanza-3, Not one is dissatisfied, not one is demented with, the mania of owning things,, Not one kneels to another, nor to his kind that, lived thousands of years ago,, Not one is respectable or unhappy over the whole earth., Reference :- This stanza has taken from the poem, “Animals” composed by Walt Whitman., Content: - The poet wants to convey the message of love, fellow feelings, sympathy, respect, cooperation, friendship and respect to the elders., Explanation: - Walt Whitman tells that animals don’t run after material pleasures. There is no, feeling of high or low among them. They don’t blow to anybody. They don’t show any false, respect., Critical Note: -, , a) The poet wants to say that the feelings are more important., b) Language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 4, So they show their relations to me and I accept them,, They bring me tokens of myself, they evince, them plainly in their possession, I wonder where they get those tokens,, Did I pass that way huge times ago and negligently drop them?, Reference :- This stanza has taken from the poem, “Animals” composed by Walt Whitman., Content: - The poet wants to convey the message of love, fellow feelings, sympathy, respect, cooperation, friendship and respect to the elders., Explanation: - Walt Whitman tells that animals show their relation to him. He accepts that, relation. Animals show the token of love, fellow feelings, sympathy, respect, co-operation,, 57

Page 58 :
friendship and regards for elders. The poet wonders from where they have got those tokens. He, thinks that it is possible that these token were dropped by him in the past and these animals, have adopted them., Critical Note: -, , a) The poet wants to say that the feelings are more important., b) Language of the poem is very simple., c) Alliteration has been used in this line, “I wonder where they get, those tokens”., ,
Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 What is the massage of the poem ‘Animals’?, Ans. The poet wants to convey the message of love, co-operation, sympathy, respect, fellowfelling, friendship and respect to the elders., 2 How are animals different from human beings?, How, according to Whitman, are animals different from human beings?, Ans. Animals are simple living beings and very calm but humans are not., 8. The Trees, Adrienne Rich, Stanza- 1, The trees inside are moving out into the forest,, the forest that was empty all these days, where no bird could sit, no insect hide, no sun bury its feet in shadow, the forest that was empty all these nights, will be full of trees by morning. ¼Sec. Exam.,2015½, Reference:- This stanza has taken from the poem, “The Trees” composed by Adrienne Rich., Content: - - The poet wants say about the conflict between man and nature., Explanation: - Adrienne Rich fells that the trees are inside the house. They feel problem No bird, can sit on trees. There is no space to sit under trees. But now it seems that the trees are moving, outside. The poet thinks that by the morning the forest will be full of trees., Critical Note: -, , a) The poem attacks on the selfish motives of man., b) Language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 2, All night the roots work, to disengage themselves from the cracks, in the veranda floor., The leaves strain toward the glass, small twigs stiff with exertion, long-cramped boughs shuffling under the roof, like newly discharged patients, half-dazed, moving, to the clinic doors., Reference:- This stanza has taken from the poem, “The Trees” composed by Adrienne Rich., Content: - The poet wants say about the conflict between man and nature., Explanation: - Adrienne Rich says that the roots, leaves and boughs try to move out of the, house all night. The roots try to come out from the cracks of the Varanda floor. The leaves of tree, try to move towards the glass. Boughs of the trees have become cramped. They are like the, newly discharged patients who are moving out of clinic doors., Critical Note: -, , a) The poem attacks on the selfish motives of man., b) Language of the poem is very simple., 58

Page 59 :
Stanza- 3, I sit inside, doors open to the veranda, writing long letters, in which I scarcely mention the departure, of the forest from the house., The night is fresh, the whole moon shines, in a sky still open, the smell of leaves and lichen, still reaches like a voice into the rooms., Reference:- This stanza has taken from the poem, “The Trees” composed by Adrienne Rich., Content: - The poet wants say about the conflict between man and nature., Explanation: - Adrienne Rich fells that she is sitting inside. She is writing long letters. The doors, of the house are opening to the veranda. She does not mention about the departure of forest, from the house in her letters. That night is fresh. There is no tree in the forest. The poet feels the, sweet smell of leaves and lichen that reaches in her room like a voice., Critical Note: -, , a) The poem attacks on the selfish motives of man., b) Language of the poem is very simple., c) Alliteration has been used in these in these words ‘long, letters’ and ‘sky still’., Stanza- 4, My head is full of whispers, which tomorrow will be silent., Listen. The glass is breaking., The trees are stumbling forward, into the night. Winds rush to meet them., The moon is broken like a mirror,, its pieces flash now in the crown, of the tallest oak., Reference:- This stanza has taken from the poem, “The Trees” composed by Adrienne Rich., Content: - The poet wants say about the conflict between man and nature., Explanation: - Adrienne Rich tells that the trees will go out tonight. So she will not be able to, hear the sound of trees the next day. If seems that the glass is breaking. The trees are moving, forward into the night. They are stumbling. It seems that wind is rushing to meet the trees. Now, we cannot see the full moon due to the trees in the forest. The moon looks like a broken mirror., The shining of the moon at the top of the oak trees looks like crown., Critical Note: -, , a) The poem attacks on the selfish motives of man., b) Language of the poem is very simple., Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 What is the message of the poem ‘The Trees’?, Ans :- The poet wants to say about the conflict between man and nature. The poem attacks on, the selfish motives of man., 2 Why does the poet say that the moon is broken like a glass?, Ans :- The poet says that the moon is broken like a glass because the full view of moon will, break. The poet will see the moon through the tallest oak., 9. Fog, Carl Sandburg, Stanza- 1, The fog comes, on little cat feet., It sits looking, 59

Page 60 :
over harbour and city, on silent haunches, and then moves on., (sec. exam. 2013), Reference:- This stanza has taken from the poem, “Fog” composed by Carl Sandburg., Content: - The poet wants say that human can learn to get their goals quietly., Explanation:- Carl Sandburg says that the fog comes silently and quietly. It is as like cat. It sits, with knees bent and looks at the harbour and city. After some time it moves on silently., Critical Note:-, , a) The activities of a fog are compared to a cat., b) Language of the poem is very simple., ,
Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 What is the message of the poem ‘Fog’?, Ans :- The message of the poem that the humans should learn to get their goals quietly. The, strong part of the poem is silence., 2 How does the poet compare the fog with cat?, or, What similarities does sand burg draw between the fog and the cat?, Ans:- The poet compares the fog with cat by used metaphor. The fog sits like a cat. It looks, around and goes away. Thus its activities are of a cat., 10. The Tale of Custard the Dragon Ogden Nash, Stanza- 1, Belinda lived in a little white house,, With a little black kitten and a little grey mouse,, And a little yellow dog and a little red wagon,, And a realio, trulio, little pet dragon., Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem, ‘The Tale of Custard the Dragon’, composed by Ogden Nash., Content: - The poet wants to say that a friend in need is a friend indeed., Explanation: - Ogden Nash says that Belinda lives in a little white house. She has a black kitten,, a grey mouse, a little yellow dog and a little red wagon. She has a little dragon also., Critical Note: -, , a) The poem gives a sound message., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 2, Now the name of the little black kitten was Ink,, And the little grey mouse, she called him Blink,, And the little yellow dog was sharp as Mustard,, But the dragon was a coward, and she called him Custard., Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem, ‘The Tale of Custard the Dragon’, composed by Ogden Nash., Content: - The poet wants to say that a friend in need is a friend indeed., Explanation: - Ogden Nash says that names Belinda’s pet animals are as follows. The name of, the little black kitten was Ink. She called the little grey mouse as Blink and yellow dog as, Mustard. She has a dragon ‘name’ Custard. She thought Custard to be coward., Critical Note: -, , a) The poem gives a sound message., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 3, Custard the dragon had big sharp teeth,, And spikes on top of him and scales underneath,, Mouth like a fireplace, chimney for a nose,, 60

Page 61 :
And realio, trulio daggers on his toes., Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem, ‘The Tale of Custard the Dragon’, composed by Ogden Nash., Content: - The poet wants to say that a friend in need is a friend indeed., Explanation: - Ogden Nash says that Custard has big sharp teeth. There are spikes on the top of, him and scales. The mouth of the dragon is like a fireplace and nose is like chimney. His toes is, looking like a real dragger., Critical Note: -, , a) The poem gives a sound message., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 4, Belinda was as brave as a barrel full of bears,, And Ink and Blink chased lions down the stairs,, Mustard was as brave as a tiger in a rage,, But Custard cried for a nice safe cage., Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem, ‘The Tale of Custard the Dragon’, composed by Ogden Nash., Content: - The poet wants to say that a friend in need is a friend indeed., Explanation: - Ogden Nash says that Belinda was a very brave woman. She was like barrel. Ink, and Blink used to chase lions. Mustard was like a tiger. But Custard was coward. He used to cry, for a nice and safe cage., Critical Note: -, , a) The poem gives a sound message., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 5, Belinda tickled him, she tickled him unmerciful,, Ink, Blink and Mustard, they rudely called him Percival,, They all sat laughing in the little red wagon, At the realio, trulio, cowardly dragon., Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem, ‘The Tale of Custard the Dragon’, composed by Ogden Nash., Content: - The poet wants to say that a friend in need is a friend indeed., Explanation: - Ogden Nash says that they all were sitting in a red wagon. They all are making fun, of the real, true and timid Custard. They all laughed at Custard., Critical Note: -, , a) The poem gives a sound message., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 6, Belinda giggled till she shook the house,, And Blink said Weeck! which is giggling for a mouse,, Ink and Mustard rudely asked his age,, When Custard cried for a nice safe cage., Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem, ‘The Tale of Custard the Dragon’, composed by Ogden Nash., Content: - The poet wants to say that a friend in need is a friend indeed., Explanation: - Ogden Nash says that Belinda used to Laugh so loudly that it seemed that she, would shake the house. Blink thought that she was laughing for a mouse. Ink and mustard used, to ask Custard his age. But custard used to cry for a nice safe cage., Critical Note: -, , a) The poem gives a sound message., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 7, 61

Page 62 :
Suddenly, suddenly they heard a nasty sound,, And Mustard growled, and they all looked around., Meowch! cried Ink, and ooh! cried Belinda,, For there was a pirate, climbing in the winda., Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem, ‘The Tale of Custard the Dragon’, composed by Ogden Nash., Content: - The poet wants to say that a friend in need is a friend indeed., Explanation: - Ogden Nash says that suddenly they heard a nasty sound. It was made by a, pirate. He was trying to climb through the window. In this situation all the animals looked, around. Mustard growled. Ink cried Meowh. Belinda cried ooh., Critical Note: -, , a) The poem gives a sound message., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 8, Pistol in his left hand, pistol in his right,, And he held in his teeth a cutlass bright,, His beard was black, one leg was wood;, It was clear that the pirate meant no good., Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem, ‘The Tale of Custard the Dragon’, composed by Ogden Nash., Content: - The poet wants to say that a friend in need is a friend indeed., Explanation:- Ogden Nash says that the pirate had black beard, one of his legs was of wood. He, had pistol in both of his hands and a bright cutlass in his teeth. The intention of the pirate was, not good., Critical Note: -, , a) The poem gives a sound message., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 9, Belinda paled, and she cried Help! Help!, But Mustard fled with a terrified yelp,, Ink trickled down to the bottom of the household,, And little mouse Blink strategically mouseholed., Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem, ‘The Tale of Custard the Dragon’, composed by Ogden Nash., Content: - The poet wants to say that a friend in need is a friend indeed., Explanation:- Ogden Nash says that Belinda became pale and cried for help. But her brave, animals ran away. Mustard yelped out of fear. Ink trickled down to the bottom of the household., Blink entered in the mouse hole., Critical Note: -, , a) The poem gives a sound message., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 10, But up jumped Custard, snorting like an engine,, Clashed his tail like irons in a dungeon,, With a clatter and a clank and a jangling squirm,, He went at the pirate like a robin at a worm., Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem, ‘The Tale of Custard the Dragon’, composed by Ogden Nash., Content: - The poet wants to say that a friend in need is a friend indeed., Explanation:- Ogden Nash says that custard snorted like an engine. He fought with his tail as, the iron- bars. With a clatter, a clank and a jangling squirm. He jumped at the pirate as a robin, bird., Critical Note: 62

Page 63 :
a) The poem gives a sound message., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 11, The pirate gaped at Belinda’s dragon,, And gulped some grog from his pocket flagon,, He fired two bullets, but they didn’t hit,, And Custard gobbled him, every bit., Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem, ‘The Tale of Custard the Dragon’, composed by Ogden Nash., Content: - The poet wants to say that a friend in need is a friend indeed., Explanation:- Ogden Nash says that the pirate gaped at the dragon. He had a flagon in his, pocket. He opened it and drink some wine. Then he fired to bullets but they did not hit custard., Custard gobbled him in bits., Critical Note: -, , a) The poem gives a sound message., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 12, Belinda embraced him, Mustard licked him,, No one mourned for his pirate victim., Ink and Blink in glee did gyrate, Around the dragon that ate the pirate., Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem, ‘The Tale of Custard the Dragon’, composed by Ogden Nash., Content: - The poet wants to say that a friend in need is a friend indeed., Explanation:- Ogden Nash says that Belinda embraced custard. Mustard licked him. Ink and, blink took rounds of the dragon who had eaten up the pirate., Critical Note: -, , a) The poem gives a sound message., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 13, But presently up spoke little dog Mustard,, I’d have been twice as brave if I hadn’t been flustered., And up spoke Ink and up spoke Blink,, We’d have been three times as brave, we think,, And Custard said, I quite agree, That everybody is braver than me., Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem, ‘The Tale of Custard the Dragon’, composed by Ogden Nash., Content: - The poet wants to say that a friend in need is a friend indeed., Explanation:- Ogden Nash says that the little dog Mustard spoke that he would have been, double brave if he hadn’t been flustered. Ink and blink said that they were three times brave., Custard said that he quite agreed that everybody was braver them him., Critical Note: -, , a) The poem gives a sound message., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 14, Belinda still lives in her little white house,, With her little black kitten and her little grey mouse,, And her little yellow dog and her little red wagon,, And her realio, trulio little pet dragon., Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem, ‘The Tale of Custard the Dragon’, composed by Ogden Nash., 63

Page 64 :
Content: - The poet wants to say that a friend in need is a friend indeed., Explanation:- Ogden Nash says that Belinda still lives in her little white house. She lives with, her little black kitten, her little grey mouse, her little yellow dog and her really, truly little pet, dragon. She has a little red wagon also., Critical Note: -, , a) The poem gives a sound message., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 15, Belinda is as brave as a barrel full of bears,, And Ink and Blink chase lions down the stairs,, Mustard is as brave as a tiger in a rage,, But Custard keeps crying for a nice safe cage., Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem, ‘The Tale of Custard the Dragon’, composed by Ogden Nash., Content: - The poet wants to say that a friend in need is a friend indeed., Explanation:- Ogden Nash says that characteristics of the characters of the poem. Belinda was a, very brave woman. Ink and Blink used to chase lions down the stairs. Mustard used to show its, courage while in a rage. Its bravery is compared to that of a tiger. But the dragon was coward to, go out of the cage. It used to cry for a nice and safe cage., Critical Note: -, , a) The poem gives a sound message., b) The language of the poem is very simple., ,
Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 Describe in detail Custard, the dragon. (Sec. Exam., 2014), or, Who is Custard?, Ans. :- Custard is a dragon which Belinda has. It has timid nature. It has big sharp teeth, spikes on, top, mouth like a fireplace, nose like a chimney. He prove himself the bravest fighting against the, pirate., 2 Why is the dragon considered as a 'cowardly dragon'?, or, Why is Custard considered as a 'cowardly dragon'?, Ans. :- The dragon 'Custard' consider as a 'cowardly dragon' because he always cries for a nice safe, cage. He has timid nature., 3 What is the message of the poem ‘The Tale of Custard the Dragon’?, Ans:- The message of the poem is that a friend in need is a friend indeed. Newer have a faith on, false friends., 4 How did the pirate look like?, Ans. The pirate had pistols in his hands. He was holding a knife in his teeth. One of his lags was, of wood., 11. For Anne Gregory, William Butler Yeats, Stanza- 1, “Never shall a young man,, Thrown into despair, By those great honey-coloured, Ramparts at your ear,, Love you for yourself alone, And not your yellow hair.”, Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem, ‘For Anne Gregory’ composed by, William Butler Yeats ., Content: - The poet wants to say that the parson should be loved for mental and moral qualities, not for physical beauty., 64

Page 65 :
Explanation: - William Butler Yeats says that the lovers of Anne Gregory will never be thrown, into despair if they love her for her personal qualities not for her great honey coloured ramparts, at her ear and her beautiful golden hair., Critical Note: -, , a) The message of the poem is that only God makes true love., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 2, “But I can get a hair-dye, And set such colour there,, Brown, or black, or carrot,, That young men in despair, May love me for myself alone, And not my yellow hair.”, Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem, ‘For Anne Gregory’ composed by, William Butler Yeats ., Content: - The poet wants to say that the parson should be loved for physical beauty., Explanation :- William Butler Yeats says that Gregory wants to get her hair dyed in brown or, black or carrot. Young man will not get into despair. She thinks that the young man would love, for herself alone and not for her yellow hair., Critical Note: -, , a) The message of the poem is that only God makes true love., b) The language of the poem is very simple., Stanza- 3, “I heard an old religious man, But yesternight declare, That he had found a text to prove, That only God, my dear,, Could love you for yourself alone, And not your yellow hair.” . (Sec. Exam., 2014), Reference:- This stanza has been taken from the poem, ‘For Anne Gregory’ composed by, William Butler Yeats ., Content: - The poet wants to say that the parson should be loved for physical beauty., Explanation :- William Butler Yeats says that the last night he heard a religious man declaring, that he had found a text to prove something. According to it only God could love you for yourself, and not for your yellow hair., Critical Note: -, , a) The message of the poem is that only God makes true love., b) The language of the poem is very simple., ,
Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 What is the message of the poem ‘For Anne Gregory’?, Ans. The message of the poem is very loud and clear. The person should be loved for mental and, moral qualities not for physical beauty. Only God makes true love., 2 What is the theme of the poem 'For Anne Gregory'? (Sec. Exam., 2012), Ans. The theme of the poem is very clear and sound. A person should be loved for his or her mental, and moral qualities, not for the physical beauty. Only God makes true love., , Foot Prints without feet, 1. A Triumph of Surgery, James Herriot, A. Answer the following questions in 20-25 words. [2 marks], 65

Page 66 :
1 Who does ‘I refer to in this story?, Ans. In the story ‘A Triumph of Surgery’, ’I’ refers to Mr. Herriot, the author of this story. He is a, veterinary surgeon., 2 Do you think there are also parents like Mrs. Pumphrey?, Ans. Yes, there are also parents like Mrs. Pumphrey. Such parents love their children so much, that they feed them extra food. By doing so, they spoil them., 3 What steps were taken by Mrs. Pumphrey when she found Tricky a little sick? (Sec., Exam., 2013), Ans. When she found Tricky a little sick . she gave him some extra food .she gave him malt oil, and food., 4 Why could Mrs. Pumphrey not give any exercise to Tricki?, Ans. Mrs. Pumphrey could not give any exercise to Tricki because the gardener used to throw, rings and make Tricki run. But now he suffered from Lumbago., , C. Answer the following question in about 30-40 words each., 1 Why is he tempted to keep Tricki on as a permanent guest?, Ans. The author is tempted to keep Tricki on as a permanent guest because Mrs. Pamphrey, daily sent eggs and wine. It was sent for the dog. But these things were enjoyed by the author, and his friends., 2 Why was Mrs. Pumphrey distraught?, Ans: Mrs. Pumphrey was distraught because Tricki refused to eat anything. He refused even to, take sweet dishes. He had bouts of vomiting. He did not try to run. He did want to go for walks, and didn’t want to do anything., 3 What according to the narrator was the only way to save Tricki?, Ans. According to the narrator, the only way to save Tricki was to get him out the house for, some time. Tricki should be sent to hospital for some days to be kept., 4 Describe Tricki’s activities with the other dogs at the surgery?, Ans. Tricki joined himself in other dogs friendly company. He found joy when he was bowled, over, tramped on and played with other dogs. He fought like a tiger for his share at mealtimes., 5 Why does Mrs. Pumphrey think the dog’s recovery is “a triumph of surgery”?, , or, Why is Tricky's treatment called a triumph of surgery? (Sec. Exam., 2014), Ans. Mrs. Pumphrey thinks the dog’s recovery is “a triumph of surgery, “because Tricki was very ill. Then Mr. Herriot thought that the only way to save Tricki was to get, him out the house. Tricki was recovered in the hospital., C. Answer the following questions in about 80 words each. [5 marks], 1 Give a character sketch of Mrs. Pumphrey., Ans. Mrs. Pumphrey is a rich woman. She lives with her dog Tricki. She loves it very much. She, pampers it very well and overfeeds it. Due to this reason Tricki falls ill. Tricki is very over wet, now. She is very caring by nature. She has provided Tricki with all possible means of comfort. At, last we can say that Mrs. Pumphrey is very kind woman but sometimes she acts in a foolish, manner., 2.The Thief’s story, Ruskin Bond, A. Answer following questions in 20-25 words. [2 marks], 1 Who does ‘I’ refer to in this story? Why did he change his name every months?, Ans. In this story the words ‘I’ refers to Hari Singh. He changed his name every months because, he is a thief and he wanted to avoid police., , 66

Page 67 :
2 How did Anil react when Hari cooked a bad meal? How did Hari respond to his, reaction?, Ans. Anil gave the food to stary dogs and said Hari to leave. Hari Singh just smile and it urged, Anil to laugh., 3 Does Anil realize that he has been robbed?, or, According to Hari singh what would be the reaction of Anil when he found the, money staler., Ans. I think Anil realizes that he had been robbed on finding the notes wet. But he knows that, he has not really been robbed., 4 Why does Hari say, “It is easy to rob a greedy person but difficult to rob a carefree, person?, Ans. Hari says, “It is easy to rob a greedy person but difficult to rob a care free person because, a careless person sometimes does not even notice that he has been robbed., B. Answer the following question in 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 Anil was the most trusting person . Explain. (Sec. Exam. 2012), Ans. Anil was the most trusting person because he know Hari singh makes money in buying . Even, then he trusted him. He had given him a key to the door., C. Answer the following questions in 80 words. [5 marks], 1 Draw a character sketch of Hari Singh?, Ans. Hari Singh is a young boy of 15. He is an experienced thief and fully successful in his work., He is a very clever. He knows a lot about the nature of the people. He knows to make friends. He, changes his name every month because he is a chief and he wants to avoid police. He says,” it is, easy to rob a greedy person but difficult to rob a carefree person because a careless person, sometimes does not even notice that he has been robbed., 2 Draw a character sketch of Anil?, Ans. Anil is a young man of 25. He is tall and lean. He is kind and easy going. He has a very big, heart. He is a simple and selfless man. He accepts the narrator who is a thief. He promised Hari, to teach him to write and read. Hari Singh does small works for Anil. He is a very large hearted, man., 3.The Midnight Visitor Robert Arthur, A. Answer the following questions in about 20-25 words. [2 marks], 1 How is Ausable different from secret agents?, Ans. Ausable is not a active person. He is not fit in any description of a secret agent. He looks, like a common man., 2 What did man decide to do in order to escape the police?, Ans. Man decided to hide in the balcony in order to escape the police. When police went then he, would come back get the important report., 3 Who knocked at the door of Ansable’s room? How did he know about it?, Ans. A waiter named Henry knocked at the door of Ausable’s room. He knew about it because he, himself ordered drink., 4 Who was Max? Why did he enter Ausable's room? (Sec. Exam. 2012), Ans. Max was a secret agent .He entered Ausable's room because he wanted to take the report., 5 Who does the title of the story refer to? Justify., Ans. The title of the story,’ The Midnight Visitor’ refers to man. He was the only person who, entered the room at midnight., B. Answer the following question in 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 what did Ausable tell man, when there was sudden knocking at the door?, , 67

Page 68 :
Ans. when there was sudden knocking at the door Ausable told man that there were police at, the door. He was waiting for some very important papers about new missiles so that he wanted, extra protection., C. Answer the following question in about 80 words. [5 marks], 1 Give a character sketch of Ausable., or, Give an example to, prove that Ausable had great presence of mind., Ans. Ausable is a secret agent. He is not a active person. He is very fat. He is not fit in any, description of a secret agent. He looks like a common man. He mixes American accent with, French and German. He is very clever man. He shows great presence of mind. He has the ability, to think quickly and Act calmly and wisely in danger also. He told man that there were police at, the door. But in real; a waiter Henry knocked at the door of Ausable’s room., Victor Canning, 4. A Question of Trust, A. Answer the following question in about 20-25 words. [2 marks], 1 Why does Horace Danby Steal every year?, or, What was it that truned Horace Danby into a thief ? (Sec. Exam2014), Ans. He steals every year because he wants to buy the rare and expensive book which he loves., 2 Who is the real culprit in the story?, Ans. A young lady is the real culprit in the story. She meets Horace Danby. She is charming, young lady who is dressed in red., 3 why did the police arrest Horace Danby?, Ans. The police arrested Horace Danby because his finger prints were found on the spot of the, jewel robbery. So that he was proved guilty., 4 When does Horace Danby get very angry? Why?, Ans. Horace Danby gets angry when someone talks about ‘honour among thieves. ’ because he, was tricked by a thief., 5 why was it not difficult for Horace to open the safe?, Ans. It is not difficult for Horace to open the safe because he has a business of making safes and, locks., C. Answer the following questions in about 80 words. [5 marks], 1 Give a character sketch of Horace Danby., Ans. Horace Danby was about 50 years old and a unmarried person. He has a business of making, safes and locks. He was good and respectable but he was not completely honest. He robbed a, safe every year .Because he wanted to buy the rare and expensive books. It is not difficult for, Horace Danby gets angry when someone talks about honour among thieves because he was, tricked by a thief., 5. Footprints without Feet H. G. Wells, A. Answer the following questions in about 20-25 words. [2 marks], 1 How did the invisible man first become visible?, Ans. The invisible man first became visible when he put on clothes, shoes and a hat in a big, London store., 2 Why was Griffin wondering the streets?, or, Why was the invisible man wondering the streets ? (Sec. Exam.2013), Ans. Griffin was wondering the streets because he was a homeless wonder without clothes,, without money and without home., 3 Why was the scientist angry with the landlord and what did he do?, Ans. The scientist was angry with the landlord because the landlord wanted him to vacate the, house. He set fire to the house., 68

Page 69 :
C. Answer the following questions in about 80 words. [5 marks], , 1 How would you assess Griffin as a scientist? [80 words], Ans. Griffin was a great scientist. He had made many discoveries to make new, things. Finally, he found how to make someone invisible. But he misused his, discovery. He set fire to the house of his landlord. He was wondering the streets, because he was a homeless wonder without clothes, without money, without, home. So he cannot be said as a true scientist., , 6. Making of a Scientist, Robert W. Peterson, A. Answer the following questions in about 20-25 words. [2 marks], 1 How did Richard Ebright’s mother help him? [20-25 words], Ans. Richard Ebright’s mother helped him by encouraging his interest in learning. She found the, things for him to learn., 2 What lesson did Ebright learn when he did not win anything at a science fair?, or, What did Ebright find out in his project for the science fair ?, Ans. When Ebright did not win anything at a science fair, he learnt that simply making a neat, display is not enough to win., 3 What are the qualities that go into the making of a scientist?, or, What are the aspects that scientist should possess?, Ans. Three qualities are to go into the making of a scientist – (i) first rate mind, (ii) Curiosity, (iii) the will to win for the right reasons., 4 How did Ebright and his mother used to spend evenings when he was very young? [2025 words ], Ans. Ebright and his mother used to spend evenings to work together on the dining room table., B. Answer the following question in 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 Describe Richard Ebright as an all- round personality., or, Richard Ebright is a versatile man besides being a scientist comment., Ans. Richard Ebright is a scientist. He is a versatile man. He is a champion debator and a public, speaker. He is an expert photographer. Thus, he has an all- round personality., 2 What did Ebright find out in his project for the science fair?, or, What did Ebright learn from his project for the science fair?, Ans. -Ebright found out in his project for the science fair that we will have to be made real, experiment in order to win something., C. Answer the following questions in about 80 words. [5 marks], 1 How did a book become a turning point in Richard Ebright’s life?, Ans. Richard Ebright’s mother gave him a book called,” the travels of monarch 10th “, at the, end of the book readers were invited to help study butterfly migrations. They had to log, butterfly which were to be sent to Dr Urquhart. Catching butterflies was not easy work. So that, Ebright would catch a female monarch, take her eggs and raise them. Thus, the book became a, turning point in Richard Ebright’s life., , 69

Page 70 :
7. The Necklace, , Guy De Maupassant, , A. Answer the following questions in about 20-25 words. [2 marks], 1 How did they replace the necklace?, or, How did the Loisels repay for the lost necklace ?, Ans. They replaced the necklace by buying the new necklace. It appeared to be exactly like. It, costs 36,000 francs., 2 Why did Matilda throw the invitation?, Ans. Matilda threw the invitation because she did not have a dress suitable for the occasion. So, that she did not want to go for the party., 3 Why did Matilda not want to go to the party?, Ans. Matilda did not want to go the party because she did not have a dress suitable for the, occasion like a party., B. Answer the following question in 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 What kind of a person is Matilda Loisel’s husband?, Ans. Matilda Loisel’s husband is a clerk. He is a man who lives within his means. He loves his, wife very much. He spent all his saving for her dress. He is honest and hard working., C. Answer the following questions in about 80 words. [5 marks], 1 Give a character sketch of Matilda. (Sec. Exam.2013½, , Ans. Matilda is the main character of the story. she is a young and pretty lady., But she is a middle class house wife. she always wants to show off she tells lie to, his friend about the lost necklace .she had to replace the artificial diamond, necklace with the one of real diamond necklace. Due to this her life ruined. The, message given by Matilda is that we should avoid making false show of money, and richness., 2 What message the story ' The Necklace' convey to us ? (Sec. Exam12½, , Ans. The mesage is that we should avoid making false show of richness. We, should be content with what life gives us. We should honestly confess the loss, done by us., Matilda , the middle class heroine of this story doesn't follow all these. She, strives to present a false show by the borrowed diamond necklace. She is not, content with what life has given her. She doesn;t confess the loss of the necklace, to her friend. The result is that her life is ruined., 8. The Hack Driver, , Sinclair Lewis, , A. Answer the following questions in about 20-25 words. [2 marks], 1 Who befriends the lower? Where did he take him?, Ans. A hack driver befriends the lower. He took him almost all the places of the village in search, of Lutkins. He took him to Frit’s shop, to Gustaff’s barber shop, to Gray’s barber shop, to, poolroom and to Lutkins’ mother., 2 Who is Lutkins?, Ans. The hack driver is Lutkins. Luktins is a jolly fellow who befools the narrator., 3 Why did the narrator hated his work?, Ans. The narrator hated his work because he had to go to dirty corner of the city. Sometimes he, was even beaten up., 4 Why was the narrator disappointed on reaching New Mullion?, 70

Page 71 :
Ans. The narrator was disappointed on reaching New Mullion because he first thought about, the places that the place was a sweet and simple country village. But on reaching there, he found, the place to be a dirty one., B. Answer the following question in 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1 Why was the lawyer sent to New Mullion? What did he first think about the place?, Ans. The lawyer was sent to New Mullion to serve summons on Oliver Lutkins. He first thought, about the place that the place was a sweet and simple country village., , 9. Bholi, , K. A. Abbas, , A. Answer the following questions in about 20-25 words. [2 marks], 1 Why was Shulekha called Bholi?, or, Why was Shulekha nicknamed Bholi?, or, Why did Shulekha remain a backward child?, Ans. At 10th month age Shulekha had fallen from a cot. She had damaged her brain. So that, Shulekha was called Bholi./ sulekha was nicknamed Bholi/ Shulekha remained a backward, child., 2 Why was Bholi's father/ Numberdar Ram lal worried about Bholi's?, Ans. Because Bholi was not wise . she did not have good looks., 3 Did Bholi enjoy her first day at school?, Ans. Yes, Bholi enjoyed her first day at school. She feels happy to see many girls there. The, teacher’s soft and lovely voice gave courage to her., B. Answer the following question in 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1. Why did the marriage not take place?, Ans. The marriage did not take place because at the time of wedding the man said he will marry, Bholi after taking Rs. 5000. Then, Bholi refused to marry such a mean and greedy man and the, marriage did not take place., C. Answer the following questions in about 80 words. [5 marks], 1. For what unusual reasons was Bholi sent to school?, or, Why was Bholi sent to school?, Ans. Bholi was sent to school was because a primary school was opened in bholi’s village. The, Tehsildar asked Bholi’s father to sent his daughter to school. Nobody would marry a girl who, has gone to school. But her father had to obey the Tehsildar. So her mother suggested that Bholi, should be sent to school. She being ugly and witless already stood no chance of getting married., Thus they sent Bholi to school to please the Tehsildar., , 10. The Book that Saved the Earth Claire Boiko, A. Answer the following questions in about 20-25 words. [2 marks], 1 Why was the twentieth century called the ‘Era of the book’?, Ans. The twentieth century was called the ‘Era of the book’ because there were books about, everything. The books taught people to do everything., 2 Who tried to invade the earth in the twenty- first century?, Ans. The ruler of Mars named Think- Tank, tried to invade the earth in the twenty- first century., 3 Which book saved the Earth from Martain invasion?, or, Write the name of the book which saved the Earth from Martain invasion?, Ans. Old book of nursery rhyms 'Mother Goose'., B. Answer the following question in 30-40 words. [3 marks], 1. How does Think- Tank wish to be saluted?, Ans. Think- Tank wishes to be saluted in these words- ‘O Great and mighty Think Tank Ruler of, Mars and her two moon, most powerful and intelligent creature in the whole universe'., 71

Page 74 :
Read the following extract and answer the questions given below:, People moan about poverty as a great evil and it seems to be an accepted belief, that if people had plenty of money, they would be happy, and get more out of life. As a rule there is, more genuine satisfaction in life and more is obtained from life in the humble cottage of the poor, man than in the palace of rich men, who are attended by servants and governesses at a later stage. At, the same time I am glad to think they do not know what they have missed., It is because I know how sweet and happy and pure the home of honest poverty, is, how free from perplexing care and social envies and jealousies, how loving and united the, members are in the common interest of supporting the family that I sympathise with the rich man’s, boy and congratulate the poor man’s son. It is for these reasons that from the ranks of the poor so, many strong eminent self-reliant men have always sprung. If you read the list of the “Immortals who, were not born to die” you will find that most of them have been poor., Questions & Answers :, 1. What is the popular notion about poverty?, Ans. The popular notion about poverty is that it is a great evil., 2. Where can one get more genuine satisfaction in life ?, Ans. One can get more genuine satisfaction in life in the humble cottage of the poor man., 3. Why does the author pity the rich man’s boy?, Ans. The author pities the rich man’s boy because he does not know the sweetness,, happiness and purity of honest poverty., 4. Find two other words in the passage with similar meanings to ‘confusing’, and self - dependent., Ans. The word ‘perplexed’ means ‘confusing’ and the word ‘self - reliant’ means self- dependent., 5. How has the author compared rich with the poor? What is his conclusion?, Ans. The author feels that more genuine satisfaction is obtained from life in the, humble cottage of the poor man than in the palace of rich men who are attended, by servants and governesses. He knows first hand how sweet and happy and, pure the home of honest poverty is. The poor man is free from social envies. The, members of a poor family are united, loving and share a common interest in being supportive to each, other. The rich boy does not know these pleasures., PASSAGE 2, We left Dehradun early in the morning and stopped by for breakfast at, Mussouri. From Mussouri the picturesque road heads north to Yamuna bridge,, then to Barkot (where one road branches to Gangotri). The road winds along the, Yamuna river. through luxurious dense green vegetation to Hanumanchatti, the end, of motorable road. The remaining journey has to be undertaken on foot or pony., Yamunotri is only 13 km. from Hanumanchatti. But it is better to proceed, another 6 km. and have the night halt at Janakibaichatti. The journey to, Yamunotri is simply breathtaking. High snowcovered peaks all around, glaciers,, streams and waterfalls, vibrant green foliage, and the pristine air are a sheer, delight to tired city lungs. Yamunotri, 3322 metres above sea level, is located, on the western bank of the great peak of Banderpunch (meaning - monkey’s tail), which is 6315 metres high., Questions & Answers :, 1. Where did the travellers stop for breakfast?, Ans. The travellers stopped for breakfast at Mussouri., 2. Why is a part of the journey to Yamunotri to be undertaken on foot?, Ans. Part of the journey to Yamunotri is to be undertaken on foot because only a, part of that road is motorable., 3. What has made the journey to Yamunotri breathtaking?, Ans. The journey to Yamunotri is breathtaking because all around there are high, snowcovered peaks, glaciers, streams, waterfalls and vibrant green foliage., The air is pristine and therefore fresh and delightful., 74

Page 77 :
Qus.1 Imagine you are Zaara living in Pune. Your friend Radha has won a gold medal in the state, Englieh debate competition. Write a letter to him congratulating him on his success in the, competition . You may touch upon the following points., (i) How did you come to know about it ?, (Sec. Exam 2013), (ii) congratulate him on his success., (iii) How does he feels about his achievement?, , (v), (vi), , Good wishes for a bright future., Invite her for a visit to your place., , CONGRATULATION ON SUCCESS IN THE DEBATE COMPETITION, Examination hall, Pune, 14 March 2016, My dear Radha, I am quite well here and I hope that you are also same there. I was very happy when your mother, informed me that you had won a gold medal in the state Debate Competition., I advise you to work hard ., I wish you a happy and long life. I again congratulate you ., I invite you to visit Pune., Please pay my best regards to your parents and love to Monu., With best wishes, Your loving friend, Zaara, Qus.2 Imagine that you are Yogesh living in Jaipur. Write a letter to your friend Ramesh inviting, him to attend your brother’s marriage. You may touch upon the following points(i) The day and date of the marriage., (ii) Programme of the marriage., (iii) Preparation and arrangement made., (iv) Request to come early., INVITING TO ATTEND MARRIAGE, Examination hall, Jaipur, 07 March 2016, My dear Ramesh, I am quite well here and I hope that you are also same there. I am very happy to inform you that the, marriage of my brother Raj is on 31st march. I invite you to attend this marriage., Please come early, inform me the date of your arrival. So that I may come to the railway station to, receive you., Please pay my best regards to your parents and love to Sonu., With best wishes, Your loving friend, Yogesh, Qus. 3 Imagine that you are Sunita living in Jaipur. Write a letter to your friend Pooja inviting him, to attend your birthday party. You may touch upon the following point:, (i) Day and date of the birthday., (ii) Programme to be organized., (iii) Whom you invited?, INVITING TO ATTEND BIRTHDAY PARTY, Examination hall, Jaipur, 20 March 2016, 77

Page 78 :
My dear Pooja, I am quite well here and I hope that you are also same there. You will be happy to know that my, birthday is on 30th march. I am giving a party on this occasion. I have invited my all the friends and, some relatives. I invite you to attend this party. I wish that you must come. Please come on time., Please pay my best regards to your parents and love to Nehal., With best wishes, Your loving friend, Sunita, Q.4 Imagine that you are Raj living in jaipur . Your uncle sent you a dictionary as birthday gift., Write a letter to him to thank for the gift. You may touch upon the following points:, (i) Thanks for the gift., (ii) Whom you invited?, (iii) The usefulness of the gift., , (v), , Thanks, , THANKS FOR GIFT, Examination hall, Jaipur, 26 March 2016, My dear Uncle, I am quite well here and I hope that are also same there. I am happy to know that you remembered, me on my birthday. You sent me your good wishes and a ‘Dictionary’ on my birthday., It show your kind affection for me. I had no dictionary.It will help me in my study., I thank you very much for this lovely gift., Please pay best my regards to dear aunty and love to Ram., Your loving, Raj, Q.5 Imagine that you are Shiv living in Jaipur. Your friend Sohan has invited you to attend his, younger brother’s birthday party. Write a letter to him expressing your inability to attend the, function. You may touch upon the following points:, (i) Your annual exam are at hand., (ii) It is a long way to go to attend the function., (iii) Your father mostly remains out of station., (iv) sent your good wishes., EXPRESSING INABILITY TO ATTEND BIRTHDAY PARTY, Examination hall, Jaipur, 20 March 2016, My dear Sohan, I am quite well here and I hope that you are also same there. I am happy to know that you, remembered me on your younger brother Rahul’s birthday party., I shall not be able to attend the party. Because my annual exams are at hand and it is a long way to, attend the function. My father mostly remains out of station. So I have to remain at home to look, after my mother., I am sending a beautiful gift and my good wishes for Rahul., Please pay my best regards to your parents and love to Rahul., Your loving, Shiv, Q.6 Imagine that you are Yash living in Jaipur. Your younger brother Mukesh living in Jodhpur , is, very good at studies but he is physically weak. Write a letter advising him to improve his health by, taking part in games and sports. You may touch upon the following points., (i) Your feelings about his success., 78

Page 79 :
(Ii) Your worries about his physical weakness., (iii) Importance of good health., (iv) Your suggestions for improvement of his health., SPORTS AND GAMES, Examination hall, Jaipur, 14 march 2016, My dear Mukesh, I am quite well here and I hope that you are also same there. I know that you are hard working in, you studies. All classes which you had passed got very good marks., But you know in these days you are very weak in physical. You should do exercise and play games., Games are also very important in life. You should spend some time for games also., Take care of yourself., With best wishes, Yours loving brother, Yash, Q:7. Imagine that you are Kapil living in Jaipur. Write a letter to your father requesting him for the, permission to go on historical/educational tour. You may touch the following points., , (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), , Where will you go., Duration of the tour., How much money do you need., Who are going with you on the tour?, , HISTOARICAL/EDUCATIONAL TOUR, Examination hall, Jaipur, 13 March 2016, My dear father,, I am quite well here and I hope that you are also same there. I am writing this letter to you with a, special purpose. About 40 students of my class will go on a tour to Agra and Delhi. It is a ten days’, tour. Two teachers will also go worth us. I also want to go with them. Please allow me for the tour. I, hope that you will accept my request and allow me to go with my friends., Please send Rs 5500/- at in early date., Please pay my best regards to dear mother and love to Sonu., With best regards, Your loving son, Kapil, Q:8. Imagine that you are Sunil living in Jaipur. Your friend Mukesh has failed in secondary, examination this year. Write a letter expressing your sympathy to him. You may touch upon the, following points:, , (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), , When did you come to know of it., How did you feel., In what way you sympathise with him?, Suggestions you would like to give., , Expressing sympathy on failure in examination, Examination hall, Jaipur, 14 March 2016, My dear Mahesh,, Today, I saw your result of board examination. I felt very sad to know that you are fail in the, secondary examination. Although you had worked hard. But the result was not in your favour., 79

Page 80 :
You should not lose heart. Failures are the pillars of success. Now you start studying seriously and, regularly. I am sure that you will do better next year., Please pay my best regards to your parents and love to Monu., Your loving, Sunil, Q:9. Imagine that you are Rekha living in Kota. Your friend Meera's father has died. Write a letter, to her expressing deep condolences on the death of her father you may touch upon the following, points., , (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), , Shocked to learn about yours father’s sad demise., Law of nature and have to bear., God give you strength., God grant peace to his soul., , EXPRESSING DEEP CONDOLENCE ON DEATH OF YOUR FRIEND’S FATHER, Examination hall, Kota, 16 March 2016, My dear Meera, I was deeply shocked to know about untimely death (demise) of yours father. He was a kind and, gentleman. A man in the world must go one day. It is the law of nature. No one can change it., His death is great loss to us. But we are helpless here. We have to bear it., I pray to God to give you strength to bear this loss. May god grant peace to his soul., With deep sympathy, Your loving, Rekha, Q.10 You are Avinash living in a hostel. Last Sunday your science teacher took you and your, classmate on a picnic on a riverside where you saved a drowning classmate. Write a letter to your, mother describing the incident. You may take help of following points :, ¼1½ Pleasant weather, decided to go on a picnic, ¼2½ Packed eatables and other essentials, went on bicycles, ¼3½ Enjoyed singing, dancing and boating, ¼4½ A classmate didn't know how to swim, ¼5½ Saw him sinking, shouting for help, ¼6½ Happy to have him saved, ¼7½ Rewarded by his parents and the institution (Sec. Exam., 2012), Examination Hall, Jaipur, 14 March 2016, My dear Mother, I was very happy when my science teacher took me and my classmates on a picnic on a riverside., The weather was very pleasant. We packed eatables and other essentials and went on bicycles., There, we enjoyed singing, dancing and boating. A classmate didn't know how to swim and suddenly, he fell down into river. We saw him sinking. I saved him. I was very happy. I was rewarded by his, parents and the institution. With best regards., your loving son, Avinash, , Parts of Formal letter, , 80

Page 83 :
Qus.1 You are Ramesh reading in Govt. S. Sec. School Jaipur. Write an e-mail, to the principal your School at [email protected] requesting to arrange, extra classes for English and Hindi as the syllabus is not complete., , To, , [email protected], , cc, bcc, Subject, , To arrange extra classes for English and Hindi., Sir,, The syllabus of English and Hindi of class X is not complete. So you are, requested to arrange extra classes for these subjects. Otherwise the student will, have to suffer badly., Thank you, Yours faithfully, Ramesh, , Qus. 2 Imagine that you are Rajesh reading in Govt. S.S. School Jaipur. Write, an e-mail to the principal of your school at [email protected] requesting, him to arrange an on line counseling on “How to face board examination”., , To, , [email protected], , cc, bcc, Subject TO arrange on line counseling on “How to face board examination”., , Sir, Board examinations of secondary classes are at hand. Some students are, suffering from examination's phobia. Please arrange an on line counseling, on“How to face board examinations. It will help us to face the, examinations., Thank you, Yours faithfully, Rajesh, , 83

Page 84 :
Qus. 3 Imagine that you are Shiv reading in Govt. S. Sec. School Jaipur. Write, an e-mail to the principal of your school at [email protected] requesting, him to arrange a lecture on “How to use computer”., To, , [email protected], , cc, bcc, Subject, , To arrange a lecture on ‘How to use computer’., Sir, Most of student of our school use computer but they do not use it properly., That is way many computers of our school become faulty. So you are, requested to arrange a lecture on ,‘How to use computer’. It will help the, students., Thank you, Yours faithfully, Shiv, , Qus. 4 You are Naresh reading in Govt. S. Sec. School, Jaipur Write an e-mail, to the editor of the newspaper jaipur times at [email protected] to draw the, attention of the collector of your district to the urgent need of holiday for, school students owing to severe cold., To, , [email protected], , cc, bcc, Subject For issuing order for holidays for school student owing to severe cold., Sir, Through the column of your newspaper I would like to draw the, attention of the Honourable Collector, Jaipur to the urgent need of, holiday for school student owing to severe cold., Thank you, Your faithfully, Naresh, , 84

Page 85 :
85

Page 86 :
Qus.5 Imagine that you are Sunita reading in Govt. S.S. School Jaipur.Write, an e-mail letter to the editor of the monthly magazine jaipur Today at, [email protected] for publishing modal papers for the preparation of board, examination., To, , [email protected], , cc, bcc, Subject For publishing modal paper for Secondary Board examination., Sir, Your magazine publishes modal papers every year for the preparation, of secondary board examination. But this year modal papers have not, been published yet. Kindly publish modal papers in your next edition., Thank you, Yours faithfully, Sunita, , Qus. 6. Imagine that you are Radha reading in Govt. S. Sec. School jaipur., Write a formal e-mail letter the principal of your school at, [email protected] requesting him to arrange a computer type contest of, the interest student., To, , [email protected], , cc, bcc, Subject To arrange a computer type contest., Sir, Most of students of our school use computer so you are requested to, arrange a computer type contest of the interested students. It will, prepare them for future career too., Thank you, Yours faithfully, Radha, , 86

Page 87 :
Qus. 7 Imagine that you are Dev reading in Govt. S. Sec. School Jaipur. Write, a formal e-mail letter to the editor of the newspaper ‘The Hindustan Times”, at [email protected] to draw the attention of the traffic police officers to rush, driving in your city., To, , [email protected], , cc, bcc, Subject, , Rash driving in Jaipur, Sir, Through your reputed paper I would like to draw the attention of the, traffic police officers to rash driving in the city., Traffic police officers are needed serious note of it and do the, needful., Thank you, Yours faithfully, Dev, , Qus. 8 Imagine that you are Sunil reading in Govt. S. Sec. School jaipur. Write, a email to the editor of your school magazine to include ‘student’s column’ to, publish the views of ‘The Best student of the school about educational, success’ at [email protected] ., To, , [email protected], , cc, bcc, Subject, , To include student’s column in the school magazine., Sir, Please include student’s column in the school magazine to publish the, views of ‘The Best student of the school’ about ‘educational success’, It will help to the students., Thank you, Yours faithfully, Sunil, 87

Page 88 :
Paragraph And Scene, Qus.1 Write a paragraph in about 75 words with the help of the outlines given below, Prime Minister............'Mahatma Gandhi Swachh Bharat Mission'.............., Clean India ...............150th Birth anniversary................dream-free India, and, cleanIndia.........free, India...............duty...............dream, ............cleanliness., or, Write a paragraph on 'Swachh Bharat Mission' in about 60 words., , Swachh Bharat Mission, Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi was launched the 'Mahatma, Gandhi Swachh Bharat Mission' on 2 Oct. 2014. Clean India by Mahatma, Gandhi's 150th Birth anniversary in 2019 is the aim of this mission. Gandhi Ji, had two dream-free India and clean India. free India has fulfilled. but the, dream of clean India Still remains to fulfil. It is our duty as citizens of India to, fulfil Mahatma Gandhi's dream of clean India. Every step towards cleanliness, will help in making the word clean., Qus.2Write a paragraph in about 75 words with the help of the outlines given below:, Cleanliness.........our life.........health........cleanliness......... good, qualities......... body and mind ...........healthy..........civilization............ kinds, of disease., or, Write a paragraph on 'Importance of Cleanliness in Our Life' in about 60, words., , 88

Page 89 :
Importance of Cleanliness in Our Life, Cleanliness keeps very important place in our life. It is said that if, health is lost everything is lost. So we must have the habit of cleanliness., Cleanliness is one of the good qualities. It keeps our body and mind active,, fress and healthy. It is also a part of our civilization.If we clean our body, regularly we will be free from many kinds of disease. we will look fit and, smart. So we should keep clean, our body and world., Qus.3 Write a paragraph in about 60 words with the help of the outlines given below:, Sardar, Vallabh, bhai..........Ironmanof..........leaders...........Gujarat..........Indin, freedom...........Deputy Prime Minister.........Home Minister.........'Bharat, Ratna., or, Write a paragraph on 'Sardar Patel' in about 60 words., , Sardar Patel, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is called the Iron man of India. He was one of, the great social leaders of India. He was born on 31 October, 1875 in Gujarat., He Played a leading role in the Indian freedom struggle. He became the first, Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India. Sardar Patel died on 15th, December, 1950. For his services to the nation Sardar Patel was conferred, with 'Bharat Ratna' in 1991., Qus.4 Write a paragraph in about 60words with the help of the outlines given, below, (Sec.Exam.2014), Career Day......celebrations ...... programme.........preparations.......name of, guests invited .......the message/guidance...........you were inspired., , 89

Page 90 :
Career Day Celebrations, Career Day was celebrated on 12 January in our school. The birthday of, Swami Vivekananad is celebrated as Career Day. The Organising Committee, made all the preparations. The names of the guests invited were shortlisted., The speakers gave career guidance. Charts were displayed to give messages, about career making. Students knew about the job opportunities and, scholaeships. We were inspired., Qus. 5 Write a paragraph on the topic 'Our New Principal' in about 60 words., (Sec.Exam.2014), , Our New Principal, I read in Govt. sr. sec. school, Jhotwara Jaipur. Mr. Dev kumar is our new, principal. He believes in simple living and high thinking. He works very hard. He, helps the weak and poor students. He is a kind teacher. He lives a simple life., He loves all the students and all the students love and respect him. We are, proud of him., Qus. 6 Write a paragraph in about 60 words with the help of the given, outlines given below :, Annual Prize........ Friday............ chief guest .........welcome song .......report, .......cultural programme........prize ........ distribution........shields.......best in, all ........speech....... National Anthem......cup of tea., (Sec. Exam., 2013), or, Write a paragraph on ' The Prize Distribution Function of Your School' in, about 60 words., (Sec. Exam., 2012,2013), , The Annual / Prize Distribution Function of My School, The Annual/Prize Distribution Function of my school was celebrated on, Friday at our school. The Collector was the Chief Guest. The Principal, welcomed the guests. A welcome song was sung by the students. Then, the, Principal read the annual report of school. Some cultural programme, presented by the students. Then, the collector gave away the prizes to the, , 90

Page 91 :
prize-winners. The Chief Guest made a speech. The function ended with the, National Anthem. Everybody had a cup of tea., Qus.7 Write a paragraph on the topic 'My Parents' in about 60 words., My parents.... good human being....father, teacher ...mother....housewife, ...... strengths and weaknesses..... early to bed, early to rise.... 'Yoga', 'Pranayama' .... worship....help......mother over compassionate .....father, strictly economic ........ like, love &respect., (Sec. Exam. 2013), , My Parents, My Parents are good human beings. My father is a teacher and my, mother is a housewisfe. They believes in simple living and high thinking. They, have strengths and weaknesses. They go to bed early and rise early too. They, practice Yoga daily. They worship God. They are always ready to help the, needy. They always take care of me. I like, love and respect of my parents., Qus.8 Write a paragraph in about 60 words with the help of the outlines., The book I like most……my sister……birthday………..body boo..........ideals of, life., or, Write a paragraph on ‘The Book I Like Most’ in about 60eords., , The Book I Like Most, I have many books. But I like ‘Ramcharit Manas’ the most. It was, written by Tulsi Das. My sister gave it to me on my birthday. It is the life story, of Shri Ram. His father ordered him to go to forest. He obeyed his father and, went to forest. His younger brother Laxman and his wife Sita also went with, him. After fourteen years they returned to Ayodhya. It tells us duties of a son, , 91

Page 92 :
to his father duties of a brother to his brother, duties of a wife to her husband, duties of a king to his people., , Qus.9 Write a paragraph in about 60 words with help of the given outline., A visit to a village fair ……………friends ……………..stalls, ………………sweet and other thing ……………toys …………………..enjoyed, ………………home., or, Write a paragraph on ‘A visit To a Village Fair’ in about 60 words., , A visit To A village fair, Last week I went to the fair of Balaji. I went there with my friends., We took a round of the fair ground. There were many shops and stalls. They, were selling toys, balloons and other things. Some were selling sweets and, namkin. There were merry –go- rounds. We took some namkin and tea. We, bought some toys and returned home. I enjoyed the fair very much., Qus.10 Write a paragraph in about 60 words with the help of the given, outlines., Hobbies…my hobby……gardening…………work in garden…….grow, flower……….enjoy., or, Write a paragraph on ‘My Hobby’ in about 60 words., , 92

Page 93 :
My Hobby, Hobby is a good pastime. Different people have different hobbies. My, hobby is gardening. I have a small garden. I get up early in the morning and, work there. I grow vegetables and flowers there. In this way we get free and, fresh vegetables. My garden increases the beauty of my house. My parents are, happy to see the garden., Qus. 11 Write a paragraph in about 60 words with the help of the given, outlines., My favorite teacher……teachers……very well……very punctual…… ready to, help… believes., or, Write a paragraph on ‘My Favorite Teacher’ in about 60 words., , My Favorite Teacher, I read in Govt. sr. sec. school Jhotwara Jaipur. There are many, teachers in the school. Shri Ramesh is my Favorite Teacher. He teaches us, English. He teaches very well. He believes in simple living and high thinking .He, works very hard. He helps the weak and poor students. He is a kind teacher. He, lives a simple life. He loves all the students and all the students love and, respect him. We are proud of him., Qus. 12 Write a paragraph in about 60 words with the help of the given, outlines., My best friends..….true friend…...his father ..…help others….honest and, humble…..lucky., or, Write a paragraph on my best friends in about 60words., , My Best Friend, I have many friends but Ramesh is my best friend. He reads with me in, my class. His father is a teacher and his mother is a doctor. He comes to school, regularly. He always stands first in the class. He is very simple. He is very kind., , 93

Page 94 :
He helps the weak and poor students. He is very honest and humble. He helps, me very much. I am lucky to have such a good friend., Qus.13 Write a paragraph in about 60 words with the help of the given, outline., Last week ………….a picnic…………..with my friends…………….pleasant weather, ………..played………enjoyed music…………sing and dance come back., or, Write a paragraph on a picnic in about 60 words., , A picnic, Last week I went on a picnic with my friend. We went to the Central, Park. The weather was very pleasant. We played badminton and kabaddi about, two hours. We took a number of photographs. Now we were tired. Then we, sat at a place and enjoyed music. We rook some fruits and food. Some of us, danced also. We come back before sunset., Qus.14 Write a paragraph in about 60 words with the help of the given, outline:, Morning walk…...coal air ……..mind and body …...…risin sun………refresh and, fill energy…………. fresh ……..for health……close to nature., or, Write a paragraph on morning walk in about 60 words., , 94

Page 95 :
Morning walk, Morning walk is the best exercise for our health. It keeps our mind and body, fit. Morning air is fresh. There is very little pollution at this time, so we can, breathe pure oxygen in our lungs. In the morning, it is all peaceful and, beautiful. The air is cool and fresh. Morning walk is good for health. I really, enjoy being close to nature., Qus.15 Write a paragraph in about 60 words with the help of the given, outline:, A visit to a historical place………last Sunday …………..went to Delhi, …………visited ………historical…………. ……..features., or, Write a paragraph on ‘A visit to a historical place’ in about 60 words., , Visit to a Historical Place / Visit to an Educational Tour, A historical tour (an educational tour ) is a part of our practical education. Last, Sunday, we went to Agra and Delhi with my friends. We went to see the Taj, Mahal. It is made of white marble. It is very beautiful. Then we went to Delhi., We visited the Red Fort, the Qutab Miner, the India Gate, the Birla Mandir, and, many other places. The tour gave us a lot of knowledge and experience., Qus.16 Write a paragraph in about 60 words with the help of the given, outline:, The scene ………railway plat farm…………..………great crowd ………many, vendors………….books and magazine…………..train…………came out., or, Write a paragraph on ‘The Scene at the Railway Platform’ in about 60 words., , The Scene at the Railway PlatForm, , 95

Page 96 :
Last Sunday I went to receive my uncle. I reached the Station. I bought a, platform ticket. I reached the plat form . There was great crowd at the Station., There were many Stalls and Vendors. They were Selling Sweets, Namkin, fruits,, news paper, magazine and other things. Some passengers were sitting on, benches. Some Persons were walking here and there. The train came. I saw my, uncle. I received my uncle. We came out of the Station., Qus.17 Write a paragraph in about 60 words with the help of the given, outline:, Computer........science to man…….wonderful machine……necessary, information…….fed into it…..solves the problems., or, Write a paragraph on ‘The Computer’ in about 60 words., , The Computer, Computer is a gift of science to man. It is a wonderful machine. It, makes calculations at a very high speed and correctly. It can add, Subtract,, divide and multiply correctly. It keeps records. It is very useful in the field of, education. Computers are also used in banks, railways, post offices, offices,, and many other fields. Now the computer has become the necessary of man., The future of computer is very bright., Qus.18 Have you ever seen a fire accident? Write a paragraph in about 75, words describing, a fire, accident. Also, mention, what you saw., , 96

Page 97 :
A house on Fire, Last Sunday I was going to market. I saw a house which was on fire.I, reached there. Many people were there. Flames were rising high. Smoke was, there. Everyone was active. Some people were crying and some were running, here and there some people were bringing water. They were throwing water, on the fire. Then fire brigade came and controlled the fire in two hours. We, thanked God that no one lost his or her life., Qus:19 Have you ever visited a zoo? Write a paragraph in about 75 words, detailing a visit to a zoo. Mention the animals and birds you saw., , A Visit to a Zoo, Last Sunday I went to the zoo with my parents. There were many, animals and birds there. I saw there lions, tigers, monkeys, foxes, wolves and, other animals. They were living in cages. Lions and tigers were eating meat., Some animals were eating grass. I saw that some monkeys were jumping here, and there. I gave them some bananas. We took a round of the zoo. I enjoyed, very much. We come back., , 97

Page 98 :
Qus.20.Write, paragraph in, words on the, shown in, , a short, about 75, incident, picture., , A Drowning Incident, The picture is of a drowning incident. A small child falls into a river. He, does not know swimming. He cries ‘save! Save!’ a man who was standing on, the bank of the river. He knew swimming. So he jumps into the water. He, swims fast and reaches the drawing child. He takes the child in his arms and, beings him back on the bank. Thus he saves a child., Qus.21 Write a paragraph about 75 works on the personality given in the, picture., , Mahatma Gandhi, Gandhiji is called the father of the nation. He was born on October 2,, 1869 in Gujarat. His full name was Mohandas Karmchand Gandhi. He was, educated in England. He went to South Africa to practise as a lawyer. He, fought against the British to make India free. His movements were based on, truth and non- violence. He was sent to jail several times. Finally, India was, free on August 15, 1947. On January 30, 1948 he was shot dead by Nathram, Godse., 98

Page 99 :
Qus.22 Write a paragraph in about 75 words on the scene shown in the, picture., , Environmental Pollution, Today pollution is one of the biggest challenges before the world. It is a great, threat to human life. Man has interfered too much with nature. As a result,, environment has been polluted. There are many kinds of pollution such as(i)Air pollution, (ii)water pollution,(iii) noise pollution,(iv) soil pollution., Pollution is mostly caused by the smoke coming out of the chimneys of, factories, mills etc. Thus environmental pollution is dangers thing to the human, being., , Qus.23 Write a paragraph in about 60 words on the Television., , Television, Television is a wonderful gift. It is one of the many useful given by science and, technology. I like this gift. There are special programmes for student,, businessmen,, , 99

Page 100 :
Scientist, farmers etc. which impart knowledge. It shows of cricket, football, etc. it also shown entertaining programmes like films, dramas, etc. but some, programmes show downfall of moral values. They should not be shown on T.V., , Road Safety, Car Pooling, , 100

Page 101 :
Other Names of Car pooling :Lift Sharing, , Environment, Friendly, , CAR POOLING, , Ride Sharing, , Car Sharing, , * Car pooling Reduces, , 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., , Fuel Cost, Toll cost, Stress of driving, Carbon emissions, Parking Space, Traffic Congestion, , Car pooling is sharing of car Jounrneys., , Drunk Driving, 1. Drunk Driving, Buzzed driving, 2. Punishment, 1. Section 185 of Motor Vehicle act., 101

Page 102 :
2. Fine upto rs. 2000, 3. Imprisonment upto 6 months, 3., Result, 1 Can lead to accidents., 2 Dangerous for Driver., 3 Dangerous for other road users., 4. Drunk Driving is driving under the influence of wine., 5. The Drunk driver loses control., His mind and body becomes dull., This leads to accidents., , Trick, , :-, , rhuks Topics (The importance of Traffic Lights / Traffic Rules / Lane discipline) ds fy,, , Same sentences gS A only ,d word ( Traffic lights/ Traffic rules/ Traffic lane discipline) change djuk gS, A, , 1. Traffic lights create safety of vehicles., 2. Traffic lights create an order., 3. Traffic lights create a traffic system, 4. Traffic lights save accidents, 5. Traffic lights save life, 6. Terffic lights save loss of property,
So we should follow Traffic Lights.,
Drivers must not use Mobile Phone., Rules:1. The Green light means "Go", 2. The Red light means "stop", 3. The Yellow light Means "Get ready", , Trick :- Lane discipline Topic esa pkj points extra add djus gS%&, 1., 2., 3., 4., , The first Lane – for cars, The second Lane- For Twowheelers, The third Lane- for heavy vehicles, The fourth Lane-for cycles, 102

Page 103 :
Safe Driving, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., , Use Horn, Speed Limit, Use Indicatros, Low volume music, No use of phones, , Note:- Make diagrams as many as possible for all answers., , Driving Licence, Must for Driving, 1. Driving Licence, 2. Automobile insurances, , RTO issues a driving licence., R, , Regional, , T, , Transport, , Age for driving licence, , O, , Office, , 18 years., , 103