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CHAPTER, , 3, , BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, LEARNING OUTCOMES, After studying this chapter, you will be able to:, ⬥, , Have an overview of corporate history of some of the selected Indian and Global, companies., , ⬥, , Gain information about management teams of selected companies., , ⬥, , Know the market and financial performance of different companies., , ⬥, , ⬥, ⬥, , Know the vision, mission and core values of different companies., Gain vital information on products and services of famous brands of different, companies., Analyse a company’s information as a business analyst., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.2, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , CHAPTER OVERVIEW, OVERVIEW OF SELECTED COMPANIES, INDIAN COMPANIES, , ● Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Ltd., ● Asian Paints Ltd., ● Axis Bank Ltd, ● Bajaj Auto Ltd., ● Bharti Airtel Ltd., ● Bharat Petroleum Co. Ltd., ● Cipla Ltd., ● Coal India Ltd., ● Dr. Reddy's Lab. Ltd., ● Flipkart, ● GAIL(India) Ltd., ● HDFC Bank Ltd., ● ICICI Bank Ltd., ● Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., ● Infosys Ltd., ● ITC Ltd., ● Larsen & Toubro Ltd., ● NTPC Ltd., ● Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., ● Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd., ● Reliance Indstries Ltd., ● State Bank of India, ● Tata Sons Limited, ● Wipro Ltd., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, , GLOBAL COMPANIES, , ● Amazon, ● American Express, ● Apple, ● Goldman Sachs, ● HP Inc., ● IBM Corporation, ● Intel Corporation, ● Microsoft Corporation, ● Nestle, ● Walmart

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .3, , 3.1, , 3.3, , INTRODUCTION, , Think of your favourite product and then think about the company which offers it, or think of a company you, want to work with!, The first few things that come to our minds are, “what does this company do”, “what are the products/services, of this company”, “how big is it”, “who owns this company” and many more curious questions. A company, overview is the most effective way to acquire business intelligence and gain vital information about a company,, its businesses, their products, services and processes, prospects, customers, suppliers, competitors; etc., However, company overview requires the expertise of qualified professionals, as it involves a detailed analysis, of the company history, its structure, philosophy, portfolio of products and services, clients, important, information about finance, human capital, technological resources, marketing capabilities etc., In order to meet the needs of the competitive environment, with many quick and accurate tools of the, ‘information age’ at their disposal, it becomes essential for business professionals such as:, ♦, , Budget analysts,, , ♦, , Financial analysts,, , ♦, , Management analysts, and, , ♦, , Market research analysts, , to analyse business practices, identify potential business problems, market requirements and provide financial,, marketing or managerial solutions., a), , Budget Analysts: Budget analysts help companies and organizations to keep their finances on track., They prepare budgets, the plan of expenditure, and develop forecasts, future oriented planning, based, on past expenditures and economic trends. Budget analysts are vital to achieve financial goals,, maintain profitability and attain long-term growth. While they do not make final decisions regarding, budgets, their expertise is strongly valued by management leaders., , b), , Financial Analysts: Financial analysts are also called security analyst, equity analyst, investment, analyst or rating analyst. As the name suggests they focus on investments and market. They offer, advice on investment decisions for external or internal financial clients as a core part of the job. A, financial analyst researches macro economic and micro economic conditions along with company, fundamentals to make business sector and industry related recommendations. They also often, recommend a course of action, such as to buy or sell a company’s stock based upon its overall current, and predicted strength., , c), , Management Analysts: Management analysts are also known as management consultants. They, work with the heads of businesses to improve efficiency and, consequently, profitability. Management, Consultants work on case basis, where they are presented with a problem set and they work to find, viable solutions to it, both in terms of operations and finance. It is one of the most preferred job roles, for professional graduates around the world. Unlike the other types of analysts listed in this section,, management analysts are more likely to work as freelance consultants., , d), , Market Research Analysts: Market research analysts study strength and weaknesses of, organisations, in order to advise a company about the decisions to be taken to increase its market, share and profitability. They study market conditions to examine potential trends of sales of a product, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.4, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, or service. They help companies understand what products, what kind of features and quality in the, product customers need, who will buy them, and at what price.They offer an overview of the market, and help the organisation to compare itself with its competitors and bring about changes and new, products to lure more customers and win over competition., , 3.2, , COMPANY OVERVIEW (THE METHODOLOGY), , The basic idea behind this chapter is to sensitise you about the existence of business organisations and their, importance in the overall economic system of India. It is believed that understanding an organisation begins, with understanding its history, present and future. Likewise, this chapter shall flow you through various, organisations, carefully picked to cover various industries of India that shall give you a brief knowledge about, that particular organisation/company., The methodology used is to cover major corporations from NIFTY 50, that serve as pillars of economy in, various sectors., Wait, we just used terms like industry, organisation, company, corporations, sector and NIFTY 50. Are these all, the same? Is there any difference between these terms?, Understand this, a company or a corporation or an organisation is one and the same. We use these words, interchangeably. Further, industry and sector can also be used interchangeably. When we talk about a, company/organisation/corporation, we actually refer to a single company, whereas, when we talk about a group, of companies in the same line of business, we term them as an industry or sector. For example, all companies, working in real estate business are together called Real Estate Industry or Real Estate Sector., Coming to NIFTY 50, the very basis of this chapter is based on NIFTY 50. But what is NIFTY 50?, The NIFTY 50 is a benchmark Indian stock market index, means it is an indicator of performance, that, represents the weighted average of 50 largest Indian companies listed on the National Stock Exchange. Just, like a thermometer indicates your body temperature, the NIFTY 50 indicates the performance of the top 50, largest companies whose shares are traded on the National Stock Exchange., In this chapter, we shall study about some of these NIFTY 50 companies and understand what to know about a, company as a professional., Further, you would observe that these companies are from different sectors/industries, like Coal Industry,, Information Technology Industry, Export and Import of Natural Resources, Petroleum Industry, Banking, Industry, E-Commerce Industry, etc., The information given in the chapter is representative in the sense that each of the organisation covered is too, big with large expanse of information to be fully covered here. Students are expected to have knowledge of, developments in the corporate world by reading financial papers or visiting the websites of corporates, on a regular basis., A company overview will usually include:, ♦, , Company Introduction: What does it do?, , ♦, , Philosophy: Vision and Mission, , ♦, , Company History, , ♦, , Core Management Team: Top Management, , ♦, , Portfolio of Businesses; Its Products and Services, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .5, , 3.5, , ♦, , Competitive Scenario: Who are the competitors, , ♦, , Financial Performance: This keeps changing, , ♦, , Market Position: Rankings from various global ranking magazines, , ♦, , Business in News: Growth plan, mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, future endeavours and direct, global presence, etc., , We can analyse a company through above information and gain an in-depth understanding of competing, companies and the key players in the different areas of business. With a detailed company profile, we will be, able to get an insight into its competitors’ strengths, weaknesses, strategies and performance. Armed with this, information, we will be able to identify and analyse business areas that need immediate attention by the, company's top management., Print, electronic and social media is all important these days. It is the first thing that greets us in the morning., One gets awareness about what is happening in all parts of the business world and its environment., Business news focus primarily on market or policy news as it is relevant to business, owners, economists, financiers, public policy makers, business analysts, professors, researchers and students., Similarly there are very popular global magazines that rank companies based on various parameters. One of, the most influential magazines to do so is FORBES. Forbes comes out with an annual ranking of top performing, companies every year. Another very popular ranking is “FORTUNE 500” rankings, done by Fortune Magazine., We have mentioned the ranking of the companies discussed in this chapter to make you understand how huge, and relevant they are globally., Several events take place in the environment on daily basis that influence the business environment and, economy at large and give rise to trends, issues and expectations. Such events happen in the form of:, ♦, , Positive and negative business events happening in domestic as well as global markets and how they, impact companies and their businesses., , ♦, , Government’s economic and social policies and their performance, also not to forget the, announcements of new policies., , ♦, , Performance of different sectors of economy on the contemporary measures of growth and, development., , ♦, , Economic conditions, indicators or factors and their movement with positive or negative impact on the, different companies and their businesses., , ♦, , Stock market movements, their performance and fluctuations in share prices of companies or group of, companies., , ♦, , Mergers and acquisitions of businesses, Joint ventures, consortiums, future endeavours of different, companies., , ♦, , Companies going global through export or import, opening subsidiary companies or direct investment, in foreign market., , ♦, , Domestic and global markets changing or shifting from one sector to another., , ♦, , New markets emerging across the globe., , ♦, , Advertisements, tenders, expression of interest and other important announcements., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.6, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , So much happens every minute in the business world that unless we keep ourselves abreast of these changes, we cannot adjust ourselves to them or move with the times successfully. Thus, it is important for a Chartered, Accountancy student to grasp the business news on a regular basis., In the sections that follow, vital information about some of the eminent national and multinational companies, from different sectors and a wide range of industries has been given. This will give an insight about the core, management team, products and services, achievements and financial performance, etc. of the discussed, companies., While reading the chapter you may come across the designations given to the leadership team of the given, organisations. Given below is the list for your quick reference;, Chairman : The person who owns a major portion of the company and is at the topmost level of management., CEO (Chief Executive Officer) : Leader of all departments, takes future oriented decisions and leads the, overall management of the company., MD (Managing Director)/ CMD (Chief Managing Director) : Person who is part of the Board of Directors, and, is concerned with ensuring that the decisions of Board of Directors are being implemented. However, in, government companies, Managing Director may act as CEO. And sometimes the same person may act as both, CEO and MD., Director : Head of Operations, could be some specific department or the organisation as a whole. Reports to, CEO. However, in government companies, even a Director may act as CEO., CFO (Chief Financial Officer) : Reports directly to the CEO. As the name suggests, this person is the head of, Finance for the entire organisation. Most of the organisations’ have Chartered Accountants as their CFO., , 3.3, , AN OVERVIEW OF SELECTED INDIAN COMPANIES, ADANI PORTS AND SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE LTD, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1998, , Ownership group, , :, , Adani Group, , Headquarter, , :, , Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, , Present Head (MD), , :, , Gautambhai Shantilal Adani, , Chief Executive Officer, , :, , Karan Gautambhai Adani, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Rakesh Shah, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .7, , 3.7, , Company Introduction, APSEZ represents a large network of ports with India’s largest SEZ at Mundra. APSEZ Port Business is integral, to its logistics business and is India’s largest private port operator with presence across ten locations., Ports & Terminals, APSEZ operates ports in Mundra, Dahej, Hazira, Dhamra and Kattupalli and terminals in Murmugao,, Vishakhapatnam, Tuna-Tekra. Ennore Container Terminal and Vizinjham Port are under construction., Industrial Land (SEZ/ DTA/ FTWZ), Mundra is home to India’s only port-led multi-product SEZ. Mundra has accrued advantages of an efficient, private seaport, logistical connectivity, economic benefits and allied infrastructure, thereby offering excellent, investment opportunities for diversified businesses., , Information Bubble, SEZ (Special Economic Zone), is a specifically defined area setup by the government where, special benefits, like tax holidays, free electricity and water for industries, cheap lease, rentals, etc., are offered, to attract business owners. This help to increase employment and, overall GDP of the country. Similarly, DTA is Domestic Tariff Area, the area which is not SEZ, is called DTA. And, FTWZ is Free Trade and Warehousing Zone, similar to SEZ, in FTWZ, warehousing businesses are given benefits to setup supply chain businesses., , Logistics, Seamless multi-modal logistics solutions are provided right to and from the customers’ premises. Our Inland, Container Depots help ports expand their hinterland connectivity while our private rakes and strategic alliances, help in seamless pan-India cargo movement., Business in News, ♦, , APSEZ ranked 1754th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , APSEZ ranked 276th on Forbes World's Best Employer's List 2019., , ♦, , In March, 2019, Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Ltd. (APSEZ), India’s largest private port, operator recorded cargo movement of more than 200 million metric tonnes (MMT). It became the, India’s 1st port operator to achieve this milestone and 5th in the world., https://www.adaniports.com/Newsroom/Media-Releases/Adani-becomes-1st-Indian-port-operator, , For more information you may visit company website: www.adaniports.com, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.8, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , ASIAN PAINTS LTD., , Incorporation year, , :, , 1942, , Headquarter, , :, , Mumbai, India, , Present Head (MD & CEO), , :, , K B S Anand, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Jayesh Merchant, , Company Introduction, Asian Paints operates in 16 countries. It has 26 paint manufacturing facilities in the world which serve, consumers in over 65 countries. It manufactures a wide range of paints for decorative and industrial use. Its, research and technology division has over 200 highly qualified scientists for technological developments. It is, India’s leading and Asia’s fourth largest paint company. Today, it is double the size of any other paint company, in India. The nearest rivals or competing firms of the Asian Paints Ltd. are - Kansai Nerolac Paints Ltd.,, Shalimar Paints Ltd., Jenson & Nicholson (India) Ltd. and Berger Paints (India) Ltd., Philosophy, Asian Paints aims to become one of the top five decorative coatings companies world-wide by leveraging its, expertise in the higher growth emerging markets. Simultaneously, the company intends to build long term value, in the industrial coatings business through alliances with established global partners., Company History, It was initially set up as a partnership firm by four friends (Champaklal H. Choksey, Suryakant, C. Dani, Arvind R. Vakil, Chimanlal N. Choksi). The company has been a market leader in paints since, 1967., Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, Asian Paints manufactures wide range of paints for decorative and industrial use., In Decorative paints, Asian Paints is present in all the four segments:, ♦, , Interior Wall Finishes,, , ♦, , Exterior Wall Finishes,, , ♦, , Enamels and, , ♦, , Wood Finishes., , Business in News, Asian Paints ranked 1596th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., Asian Paints ranked 232nd on Forbes World's Best Employer's List 2019., For more information you may visit company website: www.asianpaints.com, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .9, , 3.9, , AXIS BANK LIMITED, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1993, , Headquarter, , :, , Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., , Present Head (MD and CEO), , :, , Mr. Amitabh Chaudhry, , Non-executive Chairman, , :, , Mr. Rakesh Makheja, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Puneet Sharma, , Company Introduction, Axis Bank is the third largest private sector bank in India. The Bank offers the entire spectrum of financial, services to customer segments covering large and mid-corporates, Micro Small and Medium Enterprises, (MSME), Agriculture and Retail Businesses., The overseas operations of the Bank are spread over ten international offices with branches at Singapore,, Hong Kong, Dubai (at the DIFC), Colombo and Shanghai; representative offices at Dhaka, Dubai, Abu Dhabi,, Sharjah and an overseas subsidiary in London, UK., Company History, Axis Bank is one of the first new generation private sector banks to have begun operations in 1994. The Bank, was promoted in 1993, jointly by Specified Undertaking of Unit Trust of India (SUUTI) (then known as Unit Trust, of India), Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC), National, Insurance Company Ltd., The New India Assurance Company Ltd., The Oriental Insurance Company Ltd. and, United India Insurance Company Ltd. The shareholding of Unit Trust of India was subsequently transferred to, SUUTI, an entity established in 2003., Philosophy, Vision: To be the preferred financial solutions provider excelling in customer delivery through insight,, empowered employees and smart use of technology., Core Values: Customer centricity, ethics, transparency, teamwork and ownership., Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, The Bank has ten wholly owned subsidiaries, Axis Capital Ltd., Axis Private Equity Ltd., Axis Trustee Services, Ltd., Axis Asset Management Company Ltd., Axis Mutual Fund Trustee Ltd., Axis Bank UK Ltd., Axis Securities, Ltd., Axis Direct, Axis Finance Ltd., Axis Securities Europe Ltd. and Axis Treds Limited., Segments, , Services, , Retail Banking, , Personal banking, card services, Internet banking, ATM services, depository,, financial advisory services, Insurance and Non-resident Indian (NRI) services., , Corporate Banking, , Credit, treasury, syndication, investment banking and trustee services., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.10, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , International Banking, , Corporate banking, trade finance, treasury and risk management solutions, through the branches at Singapore, Hong Kong, DIFC, Shanghai and Colombo,, and also retail liability products from its branches at Hong Kong and Colombo., , Business in News, ♦, , Axis Bank ranked 727th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , Axis Bank ranked 232nd on Forbes World's Best Employer's List 2019., , ♦, , Axis Bank Limited, one of India’s largest private sector banks announced the opening of its Qualified, Institutions Placement (“QIP”) to raise funds of ` 12500 crores., https://www.axisbank.com/docs/default-source/press-releases/press-release-25-09-2019-axis-bank.pdf?sfvrsn, =5016f56_6, , For more information you may visit company website: www.asianpaints.com, , BAJAJ AUTO LIMITED, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1945, , Ownership group, , :, , Bajaj Group, , Headquarter, , :, , Pune, Maharashtra, India, , Chairman, , :, , Mr. Rahul Bajaj, , Present Head (MD and CEO), , :, , Mr. Rajiv Bajaj, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Mr. Soumen Ray, , Company Introduction, Bajaj Auto Limited is an Indian two-wheeler, three-wheeler and car manufacturing company. It is one of the, world’s top manufacturer of motorcycles in India. It is the world’s largest three-wheeler manufacturer. Bajaj, Auto is India’s largest exporter of motorcycles and three-wheelers. It has operations in 50 countries creating a, line of bikes targeted to the preferences of entry-level buyers., Company History, It was founded by Jamnalal Bajaj in Rajasthan in the 1940s. In 1959, it obtained a licence from the Government, of India to manufacture two-wheelers and three-wheelers and it became a public limited company in 1960., Philosophy, Vision: To attain world class excellency by demonstrating value added products to customers., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .11, , 3.11, , Mission:, ♦, , Focus on value based manufacturing, , ♦, , Continual Improvement, , ♦, , Total elimination of wastes, , ♦, , Pollution free and safe environment, , Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, Segments, , Products, , Motorcycles, , Avenger, CT 100, Dominar, Discover, V 12, V 15, Pulsar, etc., , Three Wheelers, , RE Compact, RE Compact 4S, RE Optima and RE Maxima., , Low Cost Cars, , Bajaj Qute, Bajaj RE60, etc., , Business in News, ♦, , Bajaj Auto ranked 1531st on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , Bajaj Auto ranked 448th on Forbes World's Best Employer's List 2019., , ♦, , Winners in the Auto Two Wheelers category by the International Advertising Association as part of the, IndIAA Awards (2019) – Advertising campaign ‘Bajaj Auto - The World's Favourite Indian’, https://www.bajajauto.com/about-us/awards-achievements, , ♦, , ‘First-In-The-Industry’ status of having all its manufacturing plants certified for 'Special Award for TPM, Achievement' by Japan Institute for Plant Maintenance (JIPM) (2019), https://www.bajajauto.com/about-us/awards-achievements, , For more information you may visit company website: www.bajajauto.com, , BHARTI AIRTEL LIMITED, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1995, , Ownership group, , :, , Bharti Group, , Headquarter, , :, , New Delhi, India, , Chairman, , :, , Mr. Sunil Bharti Mittal, , Present Head (MD and CEO), , :, , Mr. Gopal Vittal, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Mr. Nakul Sehgal, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.12, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , Company Introduction, Bharti Airtel Limited is a leading global telecommunications company with operations in 20 countries across, Asia and Africa., Airtel provides GSM, 3G and 4G LTE mobile services, fixed line broadband and voice services depending upon, the country of operation. It is the largest mobile network operator in India and the third largest in the world with, 400 million subscribers., Company History, In 1984 Sunil Mittal started assembling push-button phones in India. By the early 1990s, Bharti was making fax, machines, cordless phones and other telecom gear. In 1992, he successfully bid for one of the four mobile, phone network licences auctioned in India. He was one of the first Indian entrepreneurs to identify the mobile, telecom business as a major growth area. His plans were finally approved by the Government in 1994 and he, launched services in Delhi in 1995, when Bharti Cellular Limited (BCL) was formed to offer cellular services, under the brand name AirTel. Within a few years, Bharti became the first telecom company to cross the 2million mobile subscriber mark., Philosophy, Vision: To enrich the lives of customers. The company’s obsession is to win customers for life through an, exceptional experience., Mission: Hunger to win customers for life., Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, Segments, , Products, , Telemedia, , Broadband internet access through DSL, Internet leased lines,, MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) solutions, IPTV and fixed line, telephone services., , Digital television, , Direct-to-Home (DTH) TV services, , Enterprise, , End-to-end telecom solutions to corporate customers and national, and international long-distance services to telcos through its, nationwide fibre optic backbone, last mile connectivity in fixed-line, and mobile circles, VSATs, ISP and international bandwidth access, through the gateways and landing stations., , Mobile data service, , USB Modem, Airtel Datacard, etc., , Enterprise business solutions, , GPRS Based Solutions like mobile applications tools for enterprise,, TrackMate, automatic meter reading solutions etc. and the other is, SMS Based Solutions like interactive sms, bulk sms, inbound call, centre solutions., , Business in News, ♦, , Bharti Airtel ranked 700th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , Airtel Business has been awarded as the “Enterprise Data Service Provider of the Year” and the, “Enterprise Telecom Service Provider of the Year” in the large enterprise segment at the 17th edition, of the Frost & Sullivan ICT Awards., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .13, , 3.13, , https://www.airtel.in/press-release/07-2019/airtel-bags-top-honors-at-the-frost-and-sullivan-ict-awards, ♦, , Waybeo, a Trivandrum headquartered startup focused on deep AI based analytics for cloud telephony,, is the fifth startup to join the fast growing Airtel Startup Accelerator Program, which helps promising, startups unlock their potential., https://www.airtel.in/press-release/09-2020/airtel-onboards-Waybeo-to-its-startup-accelerator-program, , Information Bubble, Do you know that huge companies owned by government i.e. government companies, are tagged as, Navratnas, Maharatnas, and Miniratnas, based on their revenue and size of operations. As of January, 2020, there are 10 Maharatnas and 14 Navratna Companies in India., We are about to discuss Bharat Petroleum below, which is a Maharatna Company. All government, companies that we shall discuss in the chapter are Mahratnas or Navratnas., In the beginning we talked about NIFTY 50, all these companies are also part of NIFTY 50. Further, as, already mentioned, to learn about what Maharatnas and Navratnas are, you must be curious enough to go, and search about them., For more information you may visit company website: www.airtel.com, , BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LTD., , Incorporation year, , :, , 1952, , Ownership Group, , :, , Government of India, , Headquarter, , :, , Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, , Chairman, MD and CEO, , :, , D Rajkumar, , Chief Finance Officer (CFO), , :, , Neelakantapillai Vijayagopal, , Company Introduction, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) is an Indian state-controlled oil and gas company. The, Corporation operates two large refineries of the country located at Mumbai and Kochi. Bharat Gas has been a, pioneer in more ways than one churning out several innovative customer centric offerings such as LPG, cylinders and Mini LPG cylinders. The 24X7 services provided by Bharat Petroleum Aviation Fuel Services, makes it the preferred supplier for all major domestic and international airlines in India. 40% of the international, volumes in India are fuelled by BPCL plane services. Their presence in the defence sector is equally strong., Bharat Petroleum is the only oil company in India to have equity stake in the 1 st Greenfield Airport at Cochin, International Airport Limited., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.14, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , Company History, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd was incorporated in 1952 as a private limited company with the name Burma, Shell Refineries Ltd. The company began its work on the marshland of Trombay at Bombay. The refinery on, 454 acres of land at village Mahul went on-stream on 30th January 1955 one year ahead of schedule. In, January, 1976 Burmah Shell Group of Companies was taken over by the Government of India to form Bharat, Refineries Ltd. In August, 1977 the company was renamed as Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. The company, was also the first refinery to process newly found indigenous crude (Bombay High) in the country., Philosophy, Vision: Be a model corporate entity with social responsibility committed to energizing lives through sustainable, development., Mission: Create a ‘positive impact’ in all the communities where we operate., ♦, , To transform 150 villages from ‘water scarce to water positive’., , ♦, , To enable education of more than 10 lakh children., , ♦, , To create a resource of ‘Expert Panels’ on issues pertaining to our thrust areas., , ♦, , To encourage employee volunteering through our corporate culture and have a minimum of 10% of, employees volunteering in the next five years., , Portfolio of Businesses; Products and Services, The company business is divided in seven SBUs (Strategic Business Units), like Retail, Lubricants, Aviation,, Refinery, Gas, I&C and LPG. They have popular Loyalty Program like Petrocard, Smartfleet., Bharat Petroleum operates the following refineries:, i., , Mumbai Refinery: Located near Mumbai, Maharashtra. It has a capacity of 13 million metric tonnes, per year., , ii., , Kochi Refineries: Located near Kochi, Kerala. It has a capacity of 9.5 million metric tonnes per year., , iii., , Bina Refinery: Located near Bina, Sagar district, Madhya Pradesh. It has a capacity of 6 million metric, tonnes per year. This refinery is operated by Bharat Oman Refineries Limited, a joint venture between, Bharat Petroleum and Oman Oil Company., , iv., , Numaligarh Refinery: Located near Numaligarh, Golaghat district, Assam. It has a capacity of 3 million, metric tonnes per year., , Business in News, ♦, , BPCL ranked 601st on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , Bharat Petroleum receives special award from Shri Dharmendra Pradhan, Hon’ble Minister for, Petroleum & Natural Gas and Steel for their contribution to facilitate Bulk LPG Tank Trucks ownership, by SC/ST Entrepreneurs., https://www.bharatpetroleum.com/about-bpcl/awards-and-accolades.aspx, , ♦, , BPCL received the prestigious ‘Star PSU’ Award from Business Standard at the Annual Awards for, Corporate Excellence on 31.3.2018., https://www.bharatpetroleum.com/about-bpcl/awards-and-accolades.aspx, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .15, ♦, , 3.15, , BPCL was awarded on 25th October 2018, with ‘Golden Peacock Award 2018’ for ‘Excellent Corporate, Governance’ in a glittering event in London., https://www.bharatpetroleum.com/about-bpcl/awards-and-accolades.aspx, , For more information you may visit company website: www.bharatpetroleum.in, , CIPLA LIMITED, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1935, , Headquarter, , :, , Mumbai, India, , Chairman, , :, , Y. K. Hamied, , Present Head (MD and CEO), , :, , Umang Vohra, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Kedar Upadhey, , Company Introduction, Cipla Ltd. is a leading medicine manufacturer in India. The company has about 1,500 pharmaceutical products, in more than 60 therapeutic categories. Some are sold domestically, while the rest reach international markets, in more than 150 countries. It offers prescription drugs for all kinds of ailments -- arthritis, cancer, depression as well as over-the-counter drugs for colds, oral hygiene, and skin care. Cipla leads the domestic retail, pharmaceutical market. The company also makes bulk drugs, agrochemicals, and animal products. Cipla has, earned a worldwide recognition for adhering to the highest standards of quality and has received approvals, from Ministries of Health of various nations and major international regulatory agencies., Company History, Cipla was founded as The Chemical, Industrial, and Pharmaceutical Laboratories by Khwaja Abdul Hamied in, 1935. The name of the Company was changed to ‘Cipla Limited’ on 20 July 1984. In the year 1985, US FDA, approved the company’s bulk drug manufacturing facilities., Philosophy, Cipla has developed good positive image by providing support to cancer patients by introducing drugs at low, cost., Slogan: Caring for life., Vision: To be the first global biotech company to provide high quality products at affordable prices that will, enable access for millions of patients world-wide by the year 2025, Mission: Cipla’s mission is to be a leading global healthcare company which uses technology and innovation to, meet every day needs of all the patients., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.16, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, Cipla sells active pharmaceutical ingredients to other manufacturers as well as pharmaceutical and personal, care products, including Escitalopram (anti-depressant), Lamivudine and Fluticasone propionate. It is the, world’s largest manufacturer of antiretroviral drugs. Cipla currently manufactures more than 200 generic and, complex Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)., Business in News, ♦, , Meditab Specialities Private Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company acquired 75% stake in, Mabpharm Private Limited (‘Mabpharm’)., , ♦, , Cipla Limited has acquired in Oct, 2019 novel and patented anti-infective product, Elores, from Venus, Remedies Limited (“VRL”) for the Indian market to further strengthen its presence in the branded, Indian critical care space and as a part of its agenda to contribute to the fight against Anti-Microbial, Resistance (AMR)., https://www.cipla.com/press-releases-statements/cipla-acquires-novel-anti-infective-elores-further-antimicrobial, , ♦, , The 82-year-old chairman of pharmaceutical major Cipla (Prominent scientist and businessman Yusuf, Hamied ) has been made an Honorary Fellow of the prestigious body, comprising of many of the, world's most eminent scientists in the 2019 list of new fellows of the UK's Royal Society., https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/cipla-chairman-hamied-receives-uk-royal-societyhonour-119041800962_1.html, , For more information you may visit company website: www.cipla.com, , COAL INDIA LIMITED, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1975, , Ownership group, , :, , Govt. of India, , Headquarter, , :, , Kolkata, India, , Present Head (CMD) and Chairman, , :, , Mr. Pramod Agrawal (IAS), , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Mr. S. Sarkar, , Company Introduction, Coal India Limited (CIL) is an Indian state-controlled coal mining company. It is the largest coal producer, company in the world. It contributes about 84% of coal production in India. Government of India owns it and, controls the operations through Ministry of Coal. In April 2011, CIL was conferred the Maharatna status by the, Union Government. It is operating through 82 mining areas. CIL manages 200 other establishments like, workshops, hospitals etc. Further, it also owns 26 technical & management training institutes and 102, Vocational Training Institutes. It commands nearly 74% of the Indian coal market., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .17, , 3.17, , Company History, Nationalization of coal industry in India in the early seventies was a fall out of two related events. In the first, instance it was the oil price shock, which led the country to take up a close scrutiny of its energy options. A, Fuel Policy Committee set up for this purpose identified coal as the primary source of commercial energy., Secondly, the much needed investment for growth of this sector was not forthcoming with coal mining largely in, the hands of private sector., Philosophy, Vision: To emerge as a global player in the primary energy sector committed to provide energy security to the, country by attaining environmentally & socially sustainable growth through best practices from mine to market., Mission: To produce and market the planned quantity of coal and coal products efficiently and economically in, an eco-friendly manner with due regard to safety, conservation and quality., Portfolio of Company; It’s Subsidiaries, Coal India Limited (CIL) produces coal through seven of its wholly owned subsidiaries. These are:, ♦, , Eastern Coalfields Limited (ECL),, , ♦, , Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL),, , ♦, , Central Coalfields Limited (CCL),, , ♦, , Western Coalfields Limited (WCL),, , ♦, , South-Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL),, , ♦, , Northern Coalfield Limited (NCL), and, , ♦, , Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL)., , Its 8th wholly owned subsidiary Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Limited (CMPDIL) provides, exploration, planning and technical support to all the 7 production subsidiaries., Joint Ventures: CIL has two joint ventures:, ♦, , International Coal Ventures Private Limited (ICVPL) was formed in 2009 for acquisition of coking coal, properties outside India. CIL holds 2⁄7th share in paid up capital of ICVPL., , ♦, , CIL-NTPC Urja Pvt. Ltd. is a 50:50 JV between CIL and NTPC, formed in April, 2010 for acquisition of, coal blocks in India and abroad., , Business in News, ♦, , Coal India ranked 612th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , CIL has been awarded the ‘CSR Winner Award for Rural Development and Infrastructure’ at the 6th, CSR Impact Awards 2018-19. CIL was recognised for the Integrated Rural Development done in, Purulia., https://www.coalindia.in/hiin/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA, %E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E, 0%A4%82.aspx, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.18, ♦, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, CIL exchanged MoUs with Mr. Leonid Gennadievich Petukhov, Director General, "The Far East, Agency for Attracting Investments and Supporting Export" and "Far Eastern Mining Company" (FEMC), of Russian Federation (Russia) in Sep. 2019, https://www.coalindia.in/DesktopModules/DocumentList/documents/CIL%20SIGNS%20MoUs%20IN%2, 0RUSSIA%20(1).pdf, Information Bubble, Wholly owned Subsidiary? What is it?, As the name suggests, it is a subsidiary, a sub-part organisation of the main company, which is entirely owned by the parent company. Thus, wholly owned!, , For more information, you may visit company website: www.coalindia.in, , DR. REDDY’S LABORATORIES LTD., , Incorporation year, , :, , 1984, , Headquarter, , :, , Hyderabad, Telangana, India, , Chairman, , :, , Kallam Satish Reddy, , Present Head (CEO), , :, , Erez Israeli, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Saumen Chakraborty, , Company Introduction, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories is an Indian multinational pharmaceutical company. Dr. Reddy’s manufactures and, markets a wide range of pharmaceuticals in India and overseas. The company has over 190 medications,, 60 Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) for drug manufacture, diagnostic kits, critical care,, and biotechnology products. It strengthened its Indian manufacturing operations by acquiring American, Remedies Ltd. in 1999. This acquisition made Reddy’s the third largest pharmaceutical company in India,, after Ranbaxy and Glaxo (I) Ltd., with a full spectrum of pharmaceutical products, which included bulk drugs,, intermediates, finished dosages, chemical synthesis, diagnostics and biotechnology., Company History, Dr. Reddy’s originally launched in 1984 producing Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). In 1986, Reddy’s, started operations on branded formulations. Within a year, it had launched Norilet, the company’s first, recognized brand in India. In 1987, the company started transforming itself from a supplier of pharmaceutical, ingredients to other manufacturers into a manufacturer of pharmaceutical products., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .19, , 3.19, , Philosophy, ♦, , Bringing expensive medicine within reach., , ♦, , Addressing unmet patient needs, , ♦, , Helping patients manage disease better, , ♦, , Enabling and helping our patients ensure that our medicines are available where needed, , ♦, , Working with patients to help them succeed, , Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, Segments, , Products, , Brand, , Generic, , Tablets, capsules, injectables, and topical Omez (Omeprazole), Nise (Nimesulide),Ketorol (Ketorolac, creams., Thromethamine), Stamlo (Amlodipine Besylate) and Razo, (Rabeprazole)., , Over the Medicines on pain management, Cetrine, Nise gel, Ibuclin and Novigan., counter, dermatology and allergy management, areas, and gynecology., Business in News, ♦, , The company announced that it has entered into a definitive agreement with Wockhardt Limited to, acquire select divisions of its branded generics business in India and a few other international, territories of Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and Maldives for a consideration of ` .1850 Crores., https://www.drreddys.com/media/904665/press-release_dr-reddys-wockhardt.pdf, , ♦, , Dr. Reddy Laboratories was listed among 1200 of India’s most trusted brands according to the Brand, Trust Report, 2014., , ♦, , Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. initiated a voluntary nationwide recall on October 1, 2019, (at the retail, level for over-the-counter products and at the consumer level for prescription products) of all of its, ranitidine medications sold in US due to confirmed contamination with N-Nitrosodimethylamine, (NDMA) above levels established by the USFDA’s. (USFDA-The Food and Drug Administration is a, federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.), https://www.drreddys.com/media/904612/cder-press-release-ranitidine-recall-final-v3.pdf, , ♦, , Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. has entered into an agreement (April,19) to acquire a portfolio of 42, approved, non-marketed Abbreviated New Drug Applications (ANDAs) in the U.S. The value of total, addressable market for these products in the U.S. is approximately $645 million for the calendar year, ending in December 2018., https://www.drreddys.com/media/904336/injectable_deal_april_2019_v10.pdf, , For more information you may visit company website: www.drreddys.com, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.20, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , FLIPKART, , Incorporation year, , :, , 2007, , Headquarter, , :, , Singapore (legal domicile), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India(Operational Headquarter), , Founders, , :, , Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal, , Present Head (CEO), , :, , Kalyan Krishnamurthy, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Sriram Venkataraman, , Company Introduction, Flipkart is an E-commerce company, selling almost everything retail through its website and mobile, applications. It was founded by Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal in 2007. The company initially focused on, book sales, before expanding into other product categories such as consumer electronics, fashion, home, essentials & groceries, and lifestyle products., The service competes primarily with Amazon's Indian subsidiary. As of 2017, Flipkart held a 39.5% market, share of India's e-commerce industry. Flipkart is significantly dominant in the online fashion retail (which was, achieved by its acquisition of Myntra), and was described as being "neck and neck" with Amazon in the sale of, electronics and mobile phones. Flipkart also owns PhonePe, a mobile payments service based on the Unified, Payments Interface (UPI)., In August 2018, U.S.-based retail chain Walmart acquired an 81% controlling stake in Flipkart for US$16 billion., Company History, Flipkart was founded in October 2007 by Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal, who were both alumni of the Indian, Institute of Technology Delhi and formerly worked for Amazon. The company initially focused on online book, sales with country-wide shipping. Following its launch, Flipkart slowly grew in prominence; by 2008, it was, receiving 100 orders per day., It expanded very quickly over the years acquiring a lot of businesses and finally sold off major stake to Walmart, in 2018., Philosophy, Vision: To become Amazon of India, Mission: Providing delightful customer experience, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .21, , 3.21, , Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, The catalogue of products and services on offer on the website and mobile application range from electronics, to appliances, fashion for men, women and kids, ticket booking, flights booking, home appliances, furniture,, books, sports equipment, etc., Flipkart and its Subsidiaries:, ♦, , Myntra, for fashion, , ♦, , Jabong, for fashion, , ♦, , PhonePe, online payment channel, , ♦, , Ekart, logistics and retail, , ♦, , Jeeves, , ♦, , 2GUD, , Business in News, ♦, , Sachin Bansal was awarded Entrepreneur of the Year 2012–2013 from The Economic Times, a leading, Indian economic daily newspaper., , ♦, , In September 2015, the two founders entered Forbes India Rich List debuting at the 86th position with, a net worth of $1.3 billion each., , ♦, , In April 2016, Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal were named to Time magazine's list of The 100 Most, Influential People., , ♦, , According to a report in November 2014, Flipkart was operating through a complex business structure, which included nine firms, some registered in Singapore and some in India. In 2012, Flipkart cofounders sold WS Retail to a consortium of investors led by Rajeev Kuchhal, , Source : wikipedia.org and www.flipkart.com, , For more information you may visit company website: www.flipkart.com, , GAIL (INDIA) LTD., , Incorporation year, , :, , 1984, , Ownership group, , :, , Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas (MoP&NG), , Headquarter, , :, , New Delhi, India, , Chairman, , :, , Shri Manoj Jain, , Present Head (MD and CEO), , :, , Shri Manoj Jain, , Finance Director (CFO), , :, , A.K. Tiwari, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.22, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , Company Introduction, Gas (India) Limited (GAIL) is the largest state-owned natural gas processing and distribution company in, India. It is India’s principal gas transmission and marketing company. It has the following business segments:, natural gas, liquid hydrocarbon, liquefied petroleum gas transmission, petrochemical, city gas distribution,, exploration and production, GAILTEL and electricity generation. GAIL was conferred with, the ‘Maharatna’ status on 1st February, 2013 by the Government of India. It has more than 70% market share in, both gas transmission and marketing., GAIL owns the country’s largest pipeline network, the cross-country 2300 km Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur, pipeline with a capacity to handle 33.4 MMSCMD gas. Today the company owns and operates more than, 11000 km long cross country natural Gas Pipeline in India having presence in 22 states in the country. It also, owns and operates more than 2000 km long LPG pipelines in the country and has the pride to operate one of, the world’s longest exclusive LPG pipeline in the country from Jamnagar in Gujarat to Loni in Uttar Pradesh., Company History, GAIL (India) Limited was incorporated in August 1984 as a Central Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) under the, Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas. It was formerly known as Gas Authority India Limited., Philosophy, Vision: To be the leading company in Natural Gas and Beyond, with Global Focus, Committed to Customer, Care, Value Creation for all Stakeholders and Environmental Responsibility., Mission: To accelerate and optimize the effective and economic use of Natural Gas and its fractions for the, benefit of the national economy., Portfolio of Company; It’s Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures, Subsidiaries, ♦, , GAIL Gas Limited, , ♦, , Brahmaputra Cracker and Polymer Limited (BCPL), , ♦, , GAIL Global (Singapore) Pte Limited, , Joint Ventures, ♦, , Aavantika Gas Limited (AGL): GAIL has 22.5% stake in the Company along with HPCL as an equal, partner., , ♦, , Bhagyanagar Gas Limited (BGL): GAIL has a 22.5% stake in the company along with HPCL as an, equal partner., , ♦, , Central U.P. Gas Limited (CUGL): GAIL has 25% stake in the Company along with BPCL as an equal, partner. CUGL has connected 200 commercial and industrial units in both the cities., , ♦, , Green Gas Limited (GGL): GAIL has a 22.5% stake in the company along with IOCL as an equal, partner., , ♦, , Indraprastha Gas Limited (IGL): GAIL has a 22.5% stake in the company along with BPCL as an equal, partner., , ♦, , Mahanagar Gas Limited (MGL): GAIL has a 49.75% stake in the company along with British Gas as an, equal partner., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .23, , 3.23, , ♦, , Maharashtra Natural Gas Limited (MNGL): GAIL has a 22.5% stake in the company along with BPCL, as an equal partner., , ♦, , Petronet LNG Limited (PLL): GAIL has a 12.5% equity stake in PLL, along with BPCL, ONGC and, IOCL as equal partners., , ♦, , Ratnagiri Gas and Power Pvt. Ltd. (RGPPL): GAIL has 32.88% stake in the company along with NTPC, as an equal partner., , ♦, , Tripura Natural Gas Company Limited (TNGCL): GAIL has 29% stake in the company., , ♦, , GAIL China Gas Global Energy Holdings Limited: GAIL has 50% equity interest in the company along, with China Gas as the equal partner., , Business in News, ♦, , GAIL ranked 1257th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , GAIL ranked 290th on Forbes World's Best Employers' List 2019., , ♦, , GAIL won the Prestigious CII-National Water Awards for Excellence in Water Management-2016 in, “out of fence Category”., , ♦, , GAIL’s Petrochemical unit at Pata came 1st in 16th National Award for Excellence in Cost, Management 2018 from ICAI, in Public Sector Manufacturing, Mega Category., https://gailonline.com/pdf/news/2019/GAIL%20News%2001%20NOV%202019-%201.pdf, , ♦, , GAIL India Ltd will invest over ` 45,000 crore over the next five years to expand the National Gas Grid, and city gas distribution network. Of this, ` 32,000 crore would go into pipeline laying and another `, 12,000 crore in city gas distribution (CGD) networks for retailing of CNG to automobiles and piped, natural gas to household kitchens., https://gailonline.com/pdf/news/2019/GAIL%20News%2021%20AUG%202019-gail.pdf, , For more information you may visit company website: www.gailonline.com, , HDFC BANK LIMITED, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1994, , Ownership Group, , :, , HDFC Group, , Headquarter, , :, , Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, , Chairman, , :, , Deepak S. Parekh, , Present Head (MD), , :, , Aditya Puri, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Srinivasan Vaidyanathan, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.24, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , Company Introduction, HDFC Bank Limited is an Indian banking and financial services company. The Bank’s distribution network is run, through 4,715 branches and 12,260 ATMs across 2,657 cities. HDFC is a market leader in e-commerce. It, provides a series of digital offerings like - 10 second personal loan, Chillr, PayZapp, SME Bank, Watch, Banking, 30-Minute Auto Loan, 15-minute Two-Wheeler Loan, e-payment gateways, Digital Wallet, etc. HDFC, Bank provides a number of products and services which includes Wholesale banking, Retail banking, Treasury,, Auto (car) Loans, Two Wheeler Loans, Personal loans, Loan against Property and Credit Cards., Company History, In 1994, HDFC Bank was incorporated, with its registered office in Mumbai, India. Its first corporate office and a, full service branch at Sandoz House, Worli was inaugurated by the then Union Finance Minister, Manmohan, Singh. The bank is the first of its kind to receive an in-principle approval from the RBI for the establishment of a, bank in the private sector., Philosophy, Mission: To be a World Class Indian Bank., The objective is to build sound customer franchises across distinct businesses so as to be the preferred, provider of banking services for target retail and wholesale customer segments, and to achieve healthy growth, in profitability, consistent with the bank’s risk appetite. HDFC Bank’s business philosophy is based on five core, values: Operational Excellence, Customer Focus, Product Leadership, People and Sustainability., Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, HDFC Group companies are HDFC Ltd., HDFC Securities., HDFC Mutual Fund, HDFC Realty, HDFC Life,, HDFC ERGO, HDFC Pension and HDB Financial Services., Business in News, ♦, , HDFC Bank ranked 146th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , HDFC Bank ranked 119th on Forbes World's Best Employer's List 2019., , ♦, , HDFC Bank has been adjudged ‘India’s Best Bank’ by Euromoney Awards for Excellence 2019 for 12th, consecutive year., https://www.hdfcbank.com/content/api/contentstream-id/723fb80a-2dde-42a3-97937ae1be57c87f/9543f6fd-75ef-49fb-8e61-2638c2f03fbf?, , ♦, , HDFC Bank has won top honours at the Nasscom DSCI Excellence Awards 2019. (DSCI- Data, Security Council of India), https://www.hdfcbank.com/content/api/contentstream-id/723fb80a-2dde-42a3-97937ae1be57c87f/24ca3b2d-3898-4121-b0b8-50b13fc5294e?, , ♦, , HDFC Bank was adjudged ‘Best MSE Bank’ at the 2nd SIDBI-ET India MSE Awards 2019. The Bank, has a strong MSME portfolio with advances to this segment standing at over ` 1.25 lakh crore as of, March 31, 2019., https://www.hdfcbank.com/content/api/contentstream-id/723fb80a-2dde-42a3-97937ae1be57c87f/ae2298e7-19aa-41aa-9687-30f2cd8ae4c2?, , For more information you may visit company website: www.hdfcbank.com, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .25, , 3.25, , ICICI BANK LIMITED, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1994, , Ownership group, , :, , ICICI group, , Headquarter, , :, , Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, , Chairman, , :, , Sandeep Bakshi, , Present Head (MD and CEO), , :, , Sandeep Bakshi, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Rakesh Jha, , Company Introduction, ICICI Bank (Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India) is the largest private sector bank and a, multinational banking and financial services company. ICICI Bank currently has a network of 4,867 Branches, and 14,367 ATM’s across India. The bank has branches in United States, Singapore, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Sri, Lanka, Qatar, Oman, Dubai International Finance Centre, China and South Africa; and representative offices in, United Arab Emirates, Bangladesh, Malaysia and Indonesia. The company’s UK subsidiary has also, established branches in Belgium and Germany., Company History, ICICI Bank was originally promoted in 1994 by ICICI Limited, an Indian financial institution, and was its whollyowned subsidiary. ICICI’s shareholding in ICICI Bank was reduced to 46% through a public offering of shares in, India in fiscal 1998, an equity offering in the form of AD` listed on the NYSE in fiscal 2000, ICICI Bank’s, acquisition of Bank of Madura Limited in an all-stock amalgamation in fiscal 2001, and secondary market sales, by ICICI to institutional investors in fiscal 2001 and fiscal 2002. ICICI was formed in 1955 at the initiative of the, World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of Indian industry., Philosophy, Vision: To be the leading provider of financial services in India and a major global bank., Mission: ICICI will leverage our people, technology, speed and financial capital to:, ♦, , be the banker of first choice for our customers by delivering high quality, world-class products and, services., , ♦, , expand the frontiers of our business globally., , ♦, , play a proactive role in the full realisation of India’s potential., , ♦, , maintain a healthy financial profile and diversify our earnings across businesses and geographies., , ♦, , maintain high standards of governance and ethics., , ♦, , contribute positively to the various countries and markets in which we operate., , ♦, , create value for our stakeholders., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.26, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, ICICI Group companies and its subsidiaries are: ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company, ICICI Securities,, ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company, ICICI Prudential AMC & Trust, ICICI Venture, ICICI Direct, ICICI, Foundation and Disha Financial Counselling. ICICI Bank also has banking subsidiaries in UK and Canada., Segments, , Products, , Funds and Investments, , Mutual funds, Deposits, Portfolio management services, etc., , Banking Products, , Saving accounts, Home loans, Family wealth account, Car loans, Foreign exchange, services and Demat account., , Insurance, Protection, , and, , Risk Life Insurance and General Insurance., , Credit Cards, , ICICI Bank Diamant Credit Card, ICICI Bank Sapphiro Credit Card and Jet Airways, ICICI Bank Sapphiro Credit Card, , Banking Services, , Mutual Fund Transaction Platform, Lockers, iWealth, iMobile, Smart Vault, e-Locker,, i-Track, Video Banking App and Preferred Time Delivery., , Business Banking, , Current Account, Trade Services, Business Loans, Business Insurance and Cash, Management Services., , Business in News, ♦, , ICICI Bank ranked 255th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , ICICI Foundation was awarded by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship at the, National Entrepreneurship Awards., , ♦, , ICICI Bank crossed milestone of issuing 2 million FASTag, highest in India by Oct 31,2019, https://www.icicibank.com/aboutus/article.page?identifier=news-icici-bank-crosses-milestone-ofissuing-2-million-fastag-highest-in-india--20193110124211052, , ♦, , ICICI Rural Self Employment Training Institute (ICICI RSETI), which provides free of cost vocational, training to less-privileged youth, inaugurated a new building in the Jodhpur city( INDIA) (Sep. 2019) ., The building has been awarded a ‘Net Zero Energy- Platinum’ rating by the Indian Green Building, Council (IGBC), making it the first new building in the country to get the coveted certificate., https://www.icicibank.com/aboutus/article.page?identifier=news-icici-rseti-inaugurates-indias-first-igbcrated-net-zero-energy-platinum-new-building-in-jodhpur--20191109150555153, , ♦, , ICICI Bank launched ‘InstaBIZ’, India’s first most comprehensive digital banking platform for MSMEs in, July 2019, https://www.icicibank.com/aboutus/article.page?identifier=news-icici-bank-launches-instabiz-indiasfirst-most-comprehensive-digital-banking-platform-for-msmes-20191707122800108, , For more information you may visit company website: www.icicibank.com, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .27, , 3.27, , INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LTD., , Incorporation year, , :, , 1959, , Headquarter, , :, , New Delhi, India, , Chairman (CMD), , :, , Sanjiv Singh, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Sandeep Kumar Gupta, , Company Introduction, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOC) is India’s Largest Commercial Enterprise. Indian Oil accounts for nearly half, of India’s petroleum products market share, 35% national refining capacity (together with its subsidiary Chennai, Petroleum Corporation Ltd., or CPCL), and 71% downstream sector pipelines through capacity. The Indian Oil, Group owns and operates 11 of India’s 23 refineries with a combined refining capacity of 80.7 MMTPA (Million, Metric Tonnes Per Annum). Indian Oil’s cross-country pipeline network, for transportation of crude oil to, refineries and finished products to high-demand centres, spans over 11,220 km., Company History, Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) was incorporated on June 30, 1959 as Indian Oil Company. The company was renamed, as Indian Oil Corporation on September 1, 1964 following the merger of Indian Refineries (established 1958) with it., Philosophy, Vision: A major diversified, trans-national, integrated energy company, with national leadership and a strong, environment conscience, playing a national role in oil security and public distribution., Mission:, ♦, , To achieve international standards of excellence in all aspects of energy and diversified business with, focus on customer delight through value of products and services, and cost reduction., , ♦, , To maximise creation of wealth, value and satisfaction for the stakeholders., , ♦, , To attain leadership in developing, adopting and assimilating state-of- the-art technology for, competitive advantage., , ♦, , To provide technology and services through sustained Research and Development., , Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, IOC has leading energy brands like XTRAPREMIUM petrol, XTRAMILE diesel and PROPEL petrochemicals,, IndianOil’s SERVO lubricants and Indane LPG have earned the coveted Superbrand status. IOC has several, Refineries in Guwahati, Bongaigaon, Barauni, Gujarat, Haldia Refinery, Mathura, Panipat and Paradip., Indian Subsidiaries, Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited, IndianOil - CREDA Biofuels Limited, Indian Catalyst Private Limited, , Operations, Refining of petroleum products, Plantation of Jatropha and extraction of oil for Bio-Diesels, Manufacturing of FCC catalyst / additive, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.28, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , Foreign Subsidiaries, , Opeartions, , IndianOil (Mauritius) Ltd. Mauritius, , Terminalling, Retailing & Aviation refuelling, , Lanka IOC PLC,Sri Lanka, , Retailing, Terminalling & Bunkering, , IOC Middle East FZE, UAE, , Lube blending & marketing of lubricants, , IOC Sweden AB, Sweden, , Investment company for E&P Project in Venezuela, , IOCL (USA) Inc., USA, , Participation in Shale Gas Asset Project, , IndOil Global B.V. Netherlands, , Exploration & Production, , Business in News, ♦, , IOCL ranked 389th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , IndianOil bagged the Federation of Indian Petroleum Industry's (FIPI) 'Sustainably Growing Corporate, of the Year' award for excellence in sustainability performance and benefits extended to society and, the environment, 2019, https://www.iocl.com/aboutus/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=54728&tID=8, , ♦, , IndianOil won the National CSR Aaward instituted by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of, India, under Women and Child Development category for its Assam Oil School of Nursing project at, Digboi. IndianOil has spent an amount of RS. 490.60 crore on various CSR initiatives during 2018-19., https://www.iocl.com/aboutus/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=54620&tID=8, Information Bubble, Hope you are observing the rankings from global magazines like Forbes, that we have, mentioned in the news column. This shows how well a company ranks on the global, level. Forbes issues an annual list of 2000 World's Largest Public Corporations., , For more information you may visit company website: www.iocl.com, , INFOSYS LTD., , Incorporation year, , :, , 1981, , Headquarter, , :, , Bengaluru, India, , Chairman, , :, , Nandan Nilekani, , Present Head (MD and CEO), , :, , Salil Parekh, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Nilanjan Roy, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .29, , 3.29, , Company Introduction, Infosys Technologies Limited is an Indian multinational corporation that provides business, consulting, information technology and outsourcing services. It is a global leader in technology and consulting, services. It enables 1045 clients in more than 50 countries to create and execute strategies for their digital, transformation. Globally, it has 85 sales and marketing offices and 114 development centres., Company History, It was founded in 1981 by 7 Engineers N. R. Narayana Murthy, Nandan Nilekani, N. S. Raghavan, S., Gopalakrishnan, S. D. Shibulal, K. Dinesh and Ashok Arora after they resigned from Patni Computer Systems., The company was incorporated as “Infosys Consultants Pvt Ltd.” with a capital of `10,000 in Pune. It signed its, first client, Data Basics Corporation, in New York City. In 1983, the company’s corporate headquarters was, relocated from Pune to Bengaluru., The Company changed its name to “Infosys Technologies Private Limited” in April 1992 and to “Infosys, Technologies Limited” when it became a public limited company in June 1992. It was later renamed to “Infosys, Limited” in June 2011., Philosophy, Vision: To be a globally respected corporation that provides best-of-breed business solutions, leveraging, technology, delivered by best-in-class people., Mission: To achieve our objectives in an environment of fairness, honesty, and courtesy towards our clients,, employees, vendors and society at large., Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, It provides software development, maintenance and independent validation services to companies in banking,, finance, insurance, manufacturing and other domains. One of its known products is ‘Finacle’ which is a, universal banking solution with various modules for retail and corporate banking., Its key products are:, ♦, , Mana - Knowledge based AI platform, , ♦, , Infosys Information Platform (IIP)- Analytics platform, , ♦, , EdgeVerve Systems, , ♦, , Finacle- Global banking platform by EdgeVerve Systems, , ♦, , Panaya Cloud Suite, , ♦, , Skava, , Business in News, ♦, , Infosys ranked 602nd on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , In 2019, Infosys has been Awarded the ‘Excellent Partner Award’ by Mazda (Japanese multinational, automaker based in Hiroshima, Japan), https://www.infosys.com/newsroom/press-releases/2019/excellent-partner-award.html, , ♦, , In 2019, Infosys was presented with the prestigious United Nations Global Climate Action Award in the, ‘Climate Neutral Now’ category at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP 25) in Madrid, Spain., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.30, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, https://www.infosys.com/newsroom/press-releases/2019/carbon-neutral-now-category-awardcop25.html, , ♦, , Infosys has been certified by the Top Employers Institute as a 2020 ‘Top Employer’, in recognition of, its excellence in employment practices across Australia, Singapore and Japan., https://www.infosys.com/newsroom/press-releases/2019/recognized-top-employer-2020.html, , ♦, , Infosys to Acquire Award-Winning Digital Customer Experience, Commerce & Analytics Company,, Blue Acorn iCi, https://www.infosys.com/newsroom/press-releases/2020/digital-customer-experience-leaderamerica.html, , ♦, , Infosys Completes Acquisition of GuideVision, a Leading ServiceNow Elite Partner in Europe, https://www.infosys.com/newsroom/press-releases/2020/completes-acquisition-guidevision.html, , For more information you may visit company website: www.infosys.com, , ITC LIMITED, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1910, , Ownership group, , :, , ITC Group, , Headquarter, , :, , Kolkata, India, , Chairman, , :, , Sanjiv Puri, , Present Head (MD and CEO), , :, , Sanjiv Puri, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Supratim Dutta, , Company Introduction, ITC Ltd. is an Indian conglomerate company. It has diversified its business in Fast-Moving Consumer Goods, (FMCG), Hotels, Paperboards and Packaging, Agri Business and Information Technology. ITC is rated among, the World’s Best Big Companies, Asia’s ‘Fab 50’ and the World’s Most Reputable Companies by Forbes, magazine and as ‘India’s Most Admired Company’ in a survey conducted by Fortune India magazine and Hay, Group. The growth of the company has been rated by a Nielsen Report to be the fastest among the consumer, goods companies operating in India., Company History, It was established as a private company in August, 1910 as the Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited. It, was converted into a public limited company in 1954. It was further renamed as the Indian Tobacco Company, Limited in 1970 and to ITC Limited in 1974., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .31, , 3.31, , Philosophy, Vision: Sustain ITC’s position as one of India’s most valuable corporation through world class performance,, creating growing value for the Indian economy and Company’s stakeholders., Mission: To enhance the wealth generating capability of the enterprise in a globalization environment,, delivering superior and sustainable Stakeholder value., Trusteeship, customer focus, respect for people, excellence and innovation are the core values of the ITC, Ltd., Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, Segments, , Products, , Fast-Moving Consumer Cigarettes and Cigars, Goods (FMCG), , Brand, Navy Cut, Capstan, Berkeley, Bristol, Flake, Silk, Cut, Duke & Royal, Gold Flake, Scissors, John, Player, etc., , Foods, , Aashirvaad, Sunfeast, Bingo!, Yippee!, Kitchens of, India, B Natural, mint-o, Candyman and GumOn., , Personal Care, , Essenza Di Wills’, ‘Fiama’, ‘Vivel’, “Engage” and, ‘Superia’, , Education and Stationary, , Classmate and Paperkraft., , Lifestyle Retailing, , Wills Lifestyle and John Players., , Safety Matches and Agarbatti, , Aim, I Kno and Mangaldeep., , Luxury hotels and Welcome ITC Grand Bharat in Gurgaon. ITC Grand Chola in, Chennai, ITC Maurya in Delhi, ITC Maratha in, Hotels, Mumbai, ITC Sonar in Kolkata, ITC Grand Central in, Mumbai, ITC Windsor & ITC Gardenia in Bengaluru,, ITC Kakatiya in Hyderabad and ITC Mughal in Agra, and ITC Rajputana in Jaipur., , Hotels, , Paperboards, Packaging, , and Papers, specialty, packaging Fine papers: Alfa Zap, Alfa Plus, Hi Brite, Hi Zine,, and Graphics, Perma White, etc, Thin Printing papers: Bible Printing, Pharma Print,, Superfine Printing, etc., Feed Ingredients - Soyameal, Food Grains - Wheat, and Wheat Flour, Rice, Pulses, Barley and Maize,, Marine Products - Shrimps and Prawns, Processed, Fruits, Coffee, etc., , Agri Business, , Agri-products, , Information Technology, , Domain-led, Data service, ITC Infotech, Design expert, Digital ready, and Differentiated delivery, , Business in News, ♦, , ITC ranked 907th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.32, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , ♦, , ITC ranked 117th on Forbes World's Best Employer's List 2019., , ♦, , 2019, ITC earns the Highest Global Recognition for Water Stewardship: ITC is the only company in, the world to be water positive for 17 years and its Water Stewardship Programme has cumulatively, covered 10.87 lakh acres benefiting over 3.20 lakh people in 15 states., https://www.itcportal.com/media-centre/press-releases-content.aspx?id=2201&type=C&news=itcearns-the-highest-global-recognition-for-water-stewardship, , ♦, , ITC in Oct,2019 launched the world's most expensive chocolate priced at ` 4.3 lakh per kilogram, under its Fabelle brand., https://www.itcportal.com/media-centre/press-reports-content.aspx?id=2190&type=C&news=ITCunveils-costliest-chocolate-at-` -400000-per-kg, Information Bubble, Conglomerate?, Read about ITC Ltd. again. It is operating businesses in various industries, Fast-Moving, Consumer Goods (FMCG), Hotels, Paperboards and Packaging, Agri Business and, Information Technology. Such companies that are so huge that they operate in various, industries rather than just one business are called Conglomerate. Simply put,, conglomerate is a combination of many businesses., , For more information, you may visit company website: www.itcportal.com, , LARSEN & TOUBRO LTD., , Incorporation year, , :, , 1938, , Ownership group, , :, , L&T Group, , Headquarter, , :, , Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, , Chairman, , :, , Anil Manibhai Naik, , Present Head (MD and CEO), , :, , S.N. Subrahmanyan, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Mr. Shankar Raman, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .33, , 3.33, , Company Introduction, Larsen & Toubro is a major technology, engineering, construction, manufacturing and financial services, conglomerate, with global operations. L&T addresses critical needs in key sectors - Hydrocarbon,, Infrastructure, Power, Process Industries and Defence - for customers in over 30 countries around the world., The Company’s manufacturing footprint extends across eight countries in addition to India. The company has, business interests in engineering, construction, manufacturing goods, information technology, and financial, services, and has offices worldwide., Company History, It was founded in 1938 by two Danish engineers taking refuge in India., Philosophy, Vision: L&T shall be a professionally managed Indian multinational, committed to total customer satisfaction, and enhancing shareholder value., Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, L&T has over 130 subsidiaries and 15 associate companies., Segments, Construction, Mining, , Products and Services, and Buildings and Factories, Transportation Infrastructure, Heavy Civil Infrastructure,, Water & Effluent Treatment, Renewable Energy, Power Transmission and, Distribution, Smart World and Communication, etc., Electrical, and Relays, Meters, Automation Products and Systems, Low Voltage Products,, Medium Voltage Products, Marinised products, Control and Automation, Marine, Automation, Switchboardsand Control Systems, etc., Heavy Engineering Process Plant, Nuclear Power Plant, Defence & Aerospace and Critical Piping, Hydraulic Cylinders, Swivel / Rotary Joints, High Torque Low Speed Motors,, Hydraulics, Radial Piston Pumps and Customised Hydraulic Systems., Hydrocarbon, Offshore, Onshore, Construction Services, Modular Fabrication, Engineering Services., IT Consulting and L&T Infotech., Digital Solutions, Metallurgical and Metallurgical and Material Handling., Material Handling, Power, Coal Based Power Plants, Thermal Power Projects and Gas Based Power Plants., Rubber Processing Mechanical Tyre Curing Presses, Hydraulic Tyre Curing Presses, Tyre Building, Machines, Auxiliary Equipment, Spares, Tube Curing Presses and Bladder Curing, Machinery, Presses., New Construction - Defence Shipbuilding, New Construction - Commercial, Shipbuilding, Shipbuilding, Ship Repairs and Refits & Mid-Life Upgrades., Technology, Industrial Products, Medical Devices, Process Industry, Telecom Consumer, Electronics and Semiconductor (TCES), Transportation, Embedded System and, Services, Applications, Engineering Process Services, Mechanical Engineering, Product, Lifecycle Management (PLM), Consulting Services, Plant and Process, Engineering, Engineering Analytics, etc., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.34, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , Business in News, ♦, , Larsen & Toubro ranked 443rd on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , Larsen & Toubro ranked 29th on Forbes World's Best Employer's List 2019., , ♦, , Larsen & Toubro in Oct. 2019, inaugurated Phase 1 of the Metro Express in the African island nation of, Mauritius by the Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi and the Hon’ble Prime Minister,, Mr. Pravind Kumar Jugnauth Prime Minister of Mauritius., https://corpwebstorage.blob.core.windows.net/media/41043/2019-10-04-hon-ble-prime-ministers-ofindia-mauritius-inaugurate-phase-1-of-lt-built-light-rail-system-metro-express-in-mauritius.pdf, , ♦, , L&T Construction have secured a prestigious project from the Navi Mumbai International Airport, Private Limited (NMIAPL) for the Engineering, Procurement and Construction of the greenfield Navi, Mumbai International Airport at Navi Mumbai in Sep.2019, https://corpwebstorage.blob.core.windows.net/media/40833/2019-09-03-lt-construction-awarded-amajor-contract-to-construct-the-navi-mumbai-international-airport.pdf, Information Bubble, Why do we have “Ltd.” written after the companies’ name?, Companies that have shares which are traded in stock market are called Public Companies, and the shareholders are the owner of the company as per the number of shares they own., The liability of these shareholders’, the owners per se, is limited to the number of shares they, own. Thus, the word “Ltd.” is used after these companies, to indicate that the liability of the, company and shareholders’ is limited., , For more information you may visit company website: www.larsentoubro.com, , NTPC LTD., , Incorporation year, , :, , 1975, , Ownership group, , :, , Government of India, , Headquarter, , :, , New Delhi, India, , Chairman and CEO, , :, , Gurdeep Singh, , Director of Finance (CFO), , :, , Shri A K Singhal, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .35, , 3.35, , Company Introduction, NTPC Ltd. is popularly known as National Thermal Power Corporation Limited. It is a public sector undertaking,, engaged in the business of generation of electricity and allied activities. It is the top power company of India, with a commissioned capacity of 48,028MW. It feeds a fourth of India’s electricity needs or as we say “NTPC, lights up every fourth bulb in the country”. It is one of the most efficient power companies in India, having, operations that match global standards. Commensurate with our country’s growth challenges, NTPC has, embarked upon an ambitious plan to attain a total installed capacity of 130 GW by 2032. The company has also, ventured into oil and gas exploration and coal mining activities., Company History, It was founded in 1975 to accelerate power development in India. It started work on its first thermal power, project in 1976 at Shaktinagar (named National Thermal Power Corporation Private Limited Singrauli) in Uttar, Pradesh. NTPC became a Maharatna company in May 2010, one of the only four companies to be awarded this, status., Philosophy, Vision: To be the world’s leading power company, energizing India’s growth., Mission: provide reliable power and related solutions in an economical, efficient and environment friendly, manner, driven by innovation and agility., Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, Subsidiaries, 1., , NTPC Electric Supply Company Ltd. (NESCL), , 2., , NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Ltd. (NVVN), , 3., , Kanti Bijlee Utpadan Nigam Limited, , 4., , Bharatiya Rail Bijlee Company Limited (BRBCL), , 5., , Patratu Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Limited (PVUNL), , Business in News, ♦, , NTPC ranked 497th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , NTPC ranked 288th on Forbes World's Best Employer's List 2019., , ♦, , A term loan agreement for ` 5000 crore was signed by NTPC with State Bank of India on 06th, December, 2019., https://www.ntpc.co.in/en/media/press-releases/details/ntpc-signs-term-loan-%E2%82%B95000-crorestate-bank-india, , ♦, , NTPC Ltd, India’s largest power generation company, has been bestowed with the ‘Golden Peacock, Award for Sustainability’ 2019, during the 19th International Conference on Corporate Governance &, Sustainability held in London (U.K)., https://www.ntpc.co.in/en/media/press-releases/details/ntpc-wins-%E2%80%98golden-peacock-awardsustainability%E2%80%99-2019, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.36, ♦, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, For the financial year 2018-19, NTPC Ltd. has paid final dividend of ` . 2,473.64 crore, being 25% of, the paid-up equity share capital of the Company., https://www.ntpc.co.in/en/media/press-releases/details/ntpc-ltd-pays-final-dividend-rs-247364-crore-fy2018-19, , For more information you may visit company website: www.ntpc.co.in, , OIL & NATURAL GAS CORPORATION LTD., , Incorporation year, , :, , 1956, , Ownership group, , :, , Government of India, , Headquarter, , :, , Uttarakhand, India, , Present Head (CMD), , :, , Shashi Shanker, , Director Finance (CFO), , :, , Subhash Kumar, , Company Introduction, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) is a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) of the Government of, India, under the administrative control of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. It is India’s largest oil and, gas exploration and production company. It is involved in exploring for and exploiting hydrocarbons in 26, sedimentary basins of India, and owns and operates over 11,000 kilometers of pipelines in the country. Its, international subsidiary ONGC Videsh currently has projects in 17 countries. It produces around 77% of India’s, crude oil (equivalent to around 30% of the country’s total demand) and around 62% of its natural gas. ONGC, has been ranked 449th in the Fortune Global 500 list of the world’s biggest corporations for the year 2015. It is, ranked 17th among the Top 250 Global Energy Companies by Platts., Company History, ONGC was founded on 14 August 1956 by Government of India, which currently holds a 68.94% equity stake., ONGC has discovered 6 of the 7 commercially producing Indian Basins, in the last 50 years, adding over 7.1, billion tonnes of In-place Oil & Gas volume of hydrocarbons in Indian basins., Philosophy, Vision: To be global leader in integrated energy business through sustainable growth, knowledge excellence, and exemplary governance practices., Mission:, ♦, , World Class, , ♦, , Integrated In Energy Business, , ♦, , Dominant Indian Leadership, , ♦, , Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .37, , 3.37, , Products and services: ONGC supplies crude oil, natural gas, and value-added products to major Indian oil, and gas refining and marketing companies, Business in News, ♦, , ONGC ranked 269th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , ONGC has been declared as the Winner of ‘Golden Peacock Award for Risk Management’ for 2019, by, the Awards Jury of Institute of Directors (IOD), India., https://www.ongcindia.com/wps/wcm/connect/en/media/press-release/golden-peacock-2019-awardrisk-management, , ♦, , Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) Limited adder another glory to its kitty bagging S&P Platts, Global Energy Award 2019 for Corporate Social Responsibility - Diversified Program. ONGC is the only, Indian company to bag honors from Platts this time across all categories., https://www.ongcindia.com/wps/wcm/connect/en/media/press-release/ongc-bags-global-energyawards-2019-for-csr, , ♦, , Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. (ONGC) has priced its maiden offering of USD bonds in the, aggregate principal amount of USD 300 million. The bonds will bear a coupon of 3.375% and will, mature in 2029. This is the tightest coupon for 10 year or longer tenor offering from India ever, achieved by any Indian Corporate., https://www.ongcindia.com/wps/wcm/connect/en/media/press-release/ongc-raises-usd300-million10year-bond, , For more information, you may visit company website: www.ongcindia.com, , POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD., , Incorporation year, , :, , 1989, , Ownership group, , :, , Government of India, , Headquarter, , :, , Gurugram, India, , Chairman (CMD), , :, , Shri R. N. Nayak, , Director Finance (CFO), , :, , Sriramchandra Murty Kocherlakota (KSR Murty), , Company Introduction, Power Grid Corporation is an Indian state-owned electric utilities company. It transmits about 50% of the total, power generated in India on its transmission network. Its transmission network consists of roughly 134,018, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.38, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , circuit kilometers and 214 EHVAC and HVDC substations, which provide total transformation capacity of, 278,862 MVA. POWERGRID’s interregional capacity is 63,650 MW. Initially, POWERGRID managed, transmission assets owned by NTPC, NHPC Limited (“NHPC”) and North-Eastern Electric Power Corporation, Limited. In January 1993, the Power Transmission Systems Act transferred ownership of the three power, companies to POWERGRID. All employees of the three companies subsequently became POWERGRID, employees. POWERGRID’s telecom company, POWERTEL, operates a network of 29,279 Kilometers and, points of presence in 210 locations across India., Company History, Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (POWERGRID) was incorporated on October 23, 1989 under the, Companies Act, 1956, as a public limited company, wholly owned by the Government of India. Its original name, was the ‘National Power Transmission Corporation Limited’, and it was charged with planning, executing,, owning, operating and maintaining high-voltage transmission systems in the country. On 8 November 1990, the, National Power Transmission Corporation received its Certificate for Commencement of Business. Their name, was subsequently changed to Power Grid Corporation of India Limited, which took effect on October 23, 1992., Philosophy, Vision: World Class, Integrated, Global Transmission Company with Dominant Leadership in Emerging Power, Markets Ensuring Reliability, Safety and Economy., Mission: We will become a Global Transmission Company with Dominant Leadership in Emerging Power, Markets with World Class Capabilities by:, ♦, , World Class: Setting superior standards in capital project management and operations for the industry, and ourselves, , ♦, , Global: Leveraging capabilities to consistently generate maximum value for all stakeholders in India, and in emerging and growing economies., , ♦, , Inspiring, nurturing and empowering the next generation of professionals., , ♦, , Achieving continuous improvements through innovation and state of the art technology., , ♦, , Committing to highest standards in health, safety, security and environment, , Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, POWERGRID’s telecom company, POWERTEL, operates a network of 29,279 Kilometers and points of, presence in 210 locations across India., Joint Ventures, i., , Powerlinks Transmission Limited, , ii., iii., , Torrent POWERGRID Limited, Jaypee POWERGRID Limited, , iv., , North-East Transmission Company Limited, , v., , Parbati-Koldam Transmission Company Limited, , vi., , Teestavalley Power Transmission Limited, , vii., , National High Power Test Laboratory Pvt. Limited, , viii., ix., , Energy Efficiency Services Ltd, Cross Border Power Transmission Company Ltd., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .39, x., , Bihar Grid Company Limited, , xi., , Kalinga Bidyut Prasaran Nigam Private Limited, , xii., , Power Transmission Company Nepal Ltd. (PTCN), , xiii., , RINL POWERGRID TLT Private Ltd. (RPTPL), , 3.39, , Subsidiaries, Power System Operation Corporation Limited (POSOCO), Businesses in News, ♦, , Power Grid ranked 845th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , Power Grid ranked 341st on Forbes Best Employer's Lists 2019., , ♦, , Power Grid was adjudged winner of “National Award for Excellence in CSR & Sustainability” under, organizational category of “Best Community Development Awards” on Integrated watershed, management in Kurnool (Andhra Pradesh) and Vijayapura (Karnataka) at National CSR Leadership, Congress & Awards function organized by Zee Business in August, 2019., https://www.powergridindia.com/accolades-awards, , ♦, , Power Grid has grabbed Central Board of Irrigation and Power (CBIP) Awards, 2019 for the following, categories:, o, , Best Performing Power Transmission Utility’, , o, , ‘CBIP Special Jury Award for Innovation Excellence in Power Transmission’, , https://www.powergridindia.com/accolades-awards, For more information you may visit company website: www.powergridindia.com, , RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LIMITED (RIL), , Incorporation year, , :, , 1966, , Ownership group, , :, , Reliance Group, , Headquarter, , :, , Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, , Present Head (CMD & CEO), , :, , Mukesh Ambani, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Srikanth Venkatchari and Alok Agarwal, , Company Introduction, Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) is an Indian conglomerate holding company. Its corporate headquarter is in, Mumbai. It is one of the India’s largest private sector company. Reliance has businesses across India and, engaged in hydrocarbon exploration and production, energy, petrochemicals, textiles, natural resources, retail,, and telecommunications., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.40, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , The company has more than 30 Lacs shareholders. However, Ambani family, holds approximately 52% of the, total shares whereas the remaining 48% shares are held by public shareholders., Company History, Reliance Industries was founded by Dhirubhai Hirachand Ambani and his brother Champaklal Damani in 1960s, as Reliance Commercial Corporation. In 1966, Reliance Textiles Industries Pvt. Ltd. was incorporated in, Maharashtra. It established a synthetic fabrics mill in the 1966 at Naroda in Gujarat. In 1975, the company, expanded its business into textiles, with ‘Vimal’ becoming its major textile brand in later years. The name of the, company was changed from Reliance Textiles Industries Ltd. to Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL) in 1985., Philosophy, RIL aim is to touch the lives of people in a positive way. RIL believes in inclusive growth as a universal concept, it is also depicted in the way it conducts its business. Growth and development are often defined conventionally, in terms of net profit, revenue, and other financial performance., Mission: To continue growing as a responsible organisation that believes in enriching the lives of those around, it. It continues undertaking social initiatives in the areas of education, healthcare, community infrastructure, skill, enhancement and social security., Growth is Energy…..Growth is Value… Growth is Happiness… Growth is Life..., Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, RIL has 81 subsidiary companies and 10 associate companies., Businesses, , Particulars, , Reliance Retail, , Popular Brands: Reliance Fresh, Reliance Footprint, Reliance Time Out, Reliance Digital,, Reliance Wellness, Reliance Trends, Reliance Autozone, Reliance Super, Reliance Mart,, Reliance iStore, Reliance Home Kitchens, Reliance Market (Cash n Carry) and Reliance Jewel., , Reliance, Sciences, , Life It works around medical, plant and industrial biotechnology. It works in products in biopharmaceuticals, pharmaceuticals, clinical research services, regenerative medicine, molecular, medicine, novel therapeutics, biofuels, plant biotechnology, and industrial biotechnology sectors, of the medical business industry., , Exploration, Production, , and It is complete chain of activity starting from exploration, appraisal, development and production., Its ventures are in conventional oil and gas blocks in Krishna Godavari, Mahanadi, Cauvery, Palar, Gujarat Saurashtra & Cambay Basin and two Coal Bed Methane (CBM) blocks in, Sohagpur East and West in Madhya Pradesh., , Petroleum Refining Products: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Propylene, Naphtha, Gasoline, Jet /Aviation, and Marketing, Turbine Fuel, Kerosene Oil, High-Speed Diesel, Sulphur, Petroleum Coke, etc., Brands: R-Care, A1 Plaza, Quick Mart, GAPCO, Refresh, RELSTAR, Reliance Aviation,, Reliance Gas, etc., Reliance, Petrochemicals, Reliance, Infocomm, (RJIL), , Products: Polymers, Polyesters, Fiber Intermediates, Aromatics and Elastomers., Brands: Recron, Relpet, Repol, Relena Eva, Relab, Relflex, etc., , Jio It is a broadband service provider which gained 4G licences for operating across India. Jio is, Limited capable of offering a unique combination of telecom, high speed data, digital commerce, media, and payment services. Reliance Jio has laid more than 2.5 lakh kilometres of fibre-optic cables,, covering 18,000 cities and over one lakh villages, with the aim of covering 100% of the nation’s, population by 2018., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .41, , 3.41, , Network 18, , It is a mass media company. It has interests in television, digital platforms, publication, mobile, apps, and films., Brands: Viacom 18, History TV18, Viacom, A+E Networks, ETV Network, Colors TV, CNN, News18, IBN7 and IBN Lokmat., , Reliance Textiles, , It has a manufacturing facility at Naroda. It is one of the largest and most modern textile, complexes in the world. It supplies premium finished fabrics to prestigious brands and export to, over 58 countries., Brand: Vimal, , Competitive Scenario, RIL is a ‘conglomerate’ business which deals both related and unrelated products and businesses. Its different, companies compete with different businesses for their different products and services., For Example: Reliance Fresh competes with Safal, Easyday, D-Mart, Spencer’s, etc. and Reliance Jewels, competes with Tanishq, Nakshatra, Gili, Moira, Karina, Riwaaz, etc., Business in News, ♦, , Reliance Industries ranked 58th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , RIL announces strategic investment in and partnership with Den Networks Limited and Hathway Cable, and Datacom Limited., , ♦, , RIL announces stratgic investment in Embibe to Form Indis's Laarget Artificial Intelligence (AI) Based, Education Program., , ♦, , Reliance Industries and UK's BP plc have agreed to form a new joint venture to set up 5,500 petrol, pumps and retail aviation turbine fuel to airlines in India. Reliance will hold 51 per cent stake in the, new joint venture, while BP will have the remaining 49 per cent., https://www.ril.com/getattachment/9f9efbd7-94b3-4db9-909a-208f0ffab12a/Reliance-and-BP-moveforward-with-Indian-fuels-par.aspx, , ♦, , Saudi Aramco and reliance industries signed a non-binding letter of intent in Aug,2019 to acquire a, 20% stake in the oil to chemicals (o2c) division of reliance industries limited valued at an enterprise, value of us$ 75 billion one of the largest foreign investments in India., https://www.ril.com/getattachment/7e396e65-30eb-41a0-9763-c59e1675cd3e/Saudi-Aramco-andReliance-Industries-Sign-a-Non-Bi.aspx, , ♦, , Reliance and Microsoft announced a partnership to accelerate the digital transformation in India., Under the deal, Microsoft will bring in the Azure Cloud on Jio Network targetting the enterprise and, business users seeking a technological shift., https://www.ril.com/getattachment/84fc1633-34af-4362-927b-9e7f245ced9b/Jio-and-MicrosoftAnnounce-Alliance-to-Accelerate.aspx, , ♦, , Jio partners with Aeromobile to launch India’s first in-flight mobile services, https://www.ril.com/getattachment/e681db09-6bd1-4f1a-b8cc-c628211fee7b/Jio-Partners-withAeromobile-to-Launch-India%E2%80%99S-Fir.aspx, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.42, ♦, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, Aggregate silver lake investment of ₹ 9,375 crore further endorses Reliance retail venture’s vision to, transform Indian retail, https://www.ril.com/getattachment/6913846e-50a5-44a7-8987-b9d45c2681fa/Silver-Lake-CoInvestors-to-Invest-Additional-%E2%82%B9-1,.aspx, , For more information you may visit company website: www.ril.com, , STATE BANK OF INDIA, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1806, , Headquarter, , :, , Mumbai, India, , Present Head (CMD), , :, , Rajnish Kumar, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Charanjit Surinder Singh Attra, , Company Introduction, State Bank of India is an Indian multinational, public sector banking and financial services government-owned, corporation. SBI is actively involved since 1973 in non-profit activity called Community Services Banking. SBI, has 14 regional hubs and 57 Zonal Offices that are located at important cities throughout India. It has more, than 14,000 branches, 58,500 ATMs, including 191 foreign offices spread across 36 countries. It is the largest, banking and financial services company in India by assets. State Bank of India is a banking behemoth and has, 20% market share in deposits and loans among Indian commercial banks., Company History, The bank traces its ancestry to British India, through the Imperial Bank of India, to the founding, in 1806, of, the Bank of Calcutta, making it the oldest commercial bank in the Indian subcontinent. Bank of Madras merged, into the other two “presidency banks” in British India, Bank of Calcutta and Bank of Bombay, to form, the Imperial Bank of India, which in turn became the State Bank of India in 1955. Government of India owned, the Imperial Bank of India in 1955, with Reserve Bank of India taking a 60% stake, and renamed it the State, Bank of India. In 2008, the government took over the stake held by the Reserve Bank of India., Philosophy, Vision:, ♦, , My SBI, , ♦, , My Customer first., , ♦, , My SBI: First in customer satisfaction, , Mission:, ♦, , We will be prompt, polite and proactive with our customers., , ♦, , We will speak the language of young India., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .43, ♦, , We will create products and services that help our customers achieve their goals., , ♦, , We will go beyond the call of duty to make our customers feel valued., , ♦, , We will be of service even in the remotest part of our country., , ♦, , We will offer excellence in services to those abroad as much as we do to those in India., , ♦, , We will imbibe state of the art technology to drive excellence., , 3.43, , Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, SBI’s major products and services are related with segments like, Personal Banking, NRI Services, Agriculture,, International Corporate, SME, Group Companies, Government Business and interest Rates services., SBI’s portfolio of businesses, Subsidiaries, , Non-banking Subsidiaries, , State Bank of India (Mauritius), , SBI Capital Markets Ltd., , SBI Sri Lanka, , SBI Funds Management Pvt. Ltd., , Indo–Nigerian Merchant Bank, , SBI Factors & Commercial Services Pvt. Ltd., , SBI Nepal, , SBI Cards & Payments Services Pvt. Ltd. (SBICPSL), , Commercial Bank of India, Moscow, , SBI DFHI Ltd., , PT Bank Indo Monex, Indonesia, , SBI Life Insurance Company Limited, SBI General Insurance, , Business in News, ♦, , SBI ranked 171st in Forbes World's Largest Public Corporation List 2020., , ♦, , SBI ranked 385th in Forbes World's Best Employer List 2019., , ♦, , State Bank of India (SBI) and National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF) join hands to provide, a greater thrust to infrastructure financing. During 2018-19, SBI had extended financial assistance of, about ` 51,000 Cr to 47 infrastructure projects., https://sbi.co.in/documents/39129/52199/NIIF-SBI+MoU+Final+Press+release.pdf, , ♦, , State Bank of India (SBI) approves sale of 4% stake in SBI General Insurance to Axis New, Opportunities AIF – I and PI Opportunities Fund – I, valuing SBI General Insurance at over 12,000, crores in Sep.2018., https://sbi.co.in/documents/39129/52199/Power_Press+release_Final+2+PM_26092018.pdf, , ♦, , SBI Chairman inaugurated 'Swachh Belur Math' project., , ♦, , State Bank of India (“SBI”) announces successful pricing of its inaugural USD denominated public, green bond for USD 650 million., https://sbi.co.in/web/sbi-in-the-news/press-releases, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.44, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , Information Bubble, SBI does not have Ltd. mentioned after its name. Why?, Because it is not a limited company, and it operates as per the SBI Act of 1959. Also, as, it is the bank of the government , its liability is unlimited. Hence, the word “Ltd.” is not, suffixed after it’s name., For more information you may visit company website: www.sbi.co.in, , TATA SONS PRIVATE LIMITED, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1868, , Ownership group, , :, , Tata Group, , Headquarter, , :, , Bombay House, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., , Present Head (CMD), , :, , Natrajan Chandrasekaran, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Eruch Noshir Kapadia, , Company Introduction, Tata Sons Private Limited is the conglomerate holding company of the Tata Group and holds the bulk of, shareholding in these companies. It is India’s largest conglomerate. Tata group is a global enterprise,, headquartered in India, comprising over 100 independent operating companies. The group operates in more, than 100 countries across six continents. The chairman of Tata Sons has traditionally been the chairman of the, Tata Group. Tata Sons is the principal investment holding company and promoter of Tata companies. The, chairman of Tata Sons has traditionally been the chairman of the Tata Group., Philosophy, Tata has always been values-driven. These values continue to direct the growth and business of Tata, companies. The five core Tata values underpinning the way we do business are pioneering, integrity,, excellence, unity and responsibility., Mission: To improve the quality of life of the communities we serve globally through long-term stakeholder, value creation based on Leadership with Trust., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.46, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , Information Bubble, Tata Sons Private Limited, observe the words “Private Limited” mentioned after the name., This means that the company is a private company, and it does not have any shares, traded on the stock exchange. It is owned privately by Tata Group., For more information you may visit company website: www.tata.com, , WIPRO LIMITED, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1945, , Headquarter, , :, , Bengaluru, India, , Present Head (Chairman & MD) :, , Rishad Premji, , Present Head (CEO), , :, , Thierry Delaporte, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Jatin Dalal, , Company Introduction, Wipro Ltd is a global information technology, consulting and outsourcing company with clients in 175+ cities, across 6 continents. It has over 55 dedicated emerging technologies ‘Centers of Excellence’ that enables it to, harness the latest technology for delivering business capability to clients. Wipro is globally recognized for its, innovative approach towards delivering business value and its commitment to sustainability. Wipro champions, optimized utilization of natural resources, capital and talent., Company History, The company was incorporated on 29 December 1945, in Amalner a small town in Jalgaon district by Mohamed, Premji as ‘Western India Palm Refined Oil Limited’, later abbreviated to ‘Wipro’. It was initially set up as a, manufacturer of vegetable and refined oils in Amalner, Maharashtra, India under the trade names of Kisan,, Sunflower and Camel. The year 1980 marked the arrival of Wipro in the IT domain. In 1982, the name was, changed from Wipro Products Limited to Wipro Limited., Philosophy, Vision: To be among the Top 10 Global IT & Business Process Outsourcing Services., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .47, , 3.47, , Mission: To help create a new kind of professional services firm that works with both business and IT, executives to innovate and deliver, end to end solutions that create measurable value for our clients., Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, Products and services in which the company deals in are: analytics, digital, cloud, applications, business, outcome services, business process consulting, enterprise architecture, eco-energy, information management,, infrastructure services, internet of things, manged services, mobility, open source and product engineering., Wipro Group of Companies:, ♦, , Western India Products Limited, , ♦, , Wipro Consumer Care & Lighting, , ♦, , Wipro Infrastructure Engineering, , ♦, , Wipro GE Medical Systems, , Business in News, ♦, , WIPRO ranked 904 th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , WIPRO ranked 193rd on Forbes World's Best Employer's List 2019., , ♦, , It is a member of the NASDAQ Global Sustainability Index as well as the Dow Jones Sustainability, Index., , ♦, , Wipro Recognized as a Leader in Artificial Intelligence Consultancies by global research and advisory, firm Forrester Research Inc. for 2019, https://www.wipro.com/en-IN/newsroom/press-releases/2019/wipro-recognized-as-a-leader-in-artificialintelligence-consultancies-by-independent-research-firm/, , ♦, , Wipro was ranked among the HFS Top10 Finance and Accounting Service Providers, Energy Service, Providers, and Google AI Services, 2019., https://www.wipro.com/content/dam/nexus/en/newsroom/press-releases/2020/pdf/press-release-wiproq1-20.pdf, , ♦, , In 2019, 32.31 crores Equity Shares of ` 2 each were bought back under the Buyback, at a price of, ` 325/- per Equity Share. The total amount utilized in the Buyback was ` 10500 crores.(appx.), https://www.wipro.com/content/dam/nexus/en/investor/buy-back/buyback2019/stock-exchangeintimation-extinguishment-of-equity-shares-pursuant-to-buyback.pdf, , For more information you may visit company website: www.wipro.com, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.48, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , 3.4, , AN OVERVIEW OF SELECTED GLOBAL COMPANIES, AMAZON.COM, INC., , Incorporation year, , :, , 1994, , Headquarter, , :, , Seattle, Washington, U.S., , Founders, , :, , Jeff Bezos, , Present Head (CEO), , :, , Jeff Bezos, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Brian T. Olsavsky, , Company Introduction, Amazon.com, Inc. is an American multinational technology company based in Seattle, Washington, which, focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence. It is considered one of, the Big Four companies in the U.S. information technology industry, along with Google, Apple, and Facebook., The company has been referred to as "one of the most influential economic and cultural forces in the world", as, well as the world's most valuable brand., Amazon is known for its disruption of well-established industries through technological innovation and mass, scale. It is the world's largest online marketplace, AI assistant provider, live-streaming platform and cloud, computing platform as measured by revenue and market capitalisation. Amazon is the largest Internet company, by revenue in the world. It is the second largest private employer in the United States and one of the world's, most valuable companies., Company History, Jeff Bezos founded Amazon in July 1994 as an online book store to buy and rent books. He chose Seattle, because of technical talent as Microsoft is located in Seattle. The company began selling music and videos in, 1998, at which time it began operations internationally by acquiring online sellers of books in United Kingdom, and Germany. The following year, the organization also sold video games, consumer electronics, homeimprovement items, software, games, and toys in addition to other items., The company invested heavily in cloud computing and artificial intelligence, and rose to become one of the, most valuable companies in the world., Amazon’s operations in India, Year of Operations, , :, , 2012 - 2013, , Headquarter, , :, , Hyderabad, India, , Present Head (CEO), , :, , Amit Agarwal, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Raghava Rao, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .49, , 3.49, , Philosophy, Vision: We aim to be Earth's most customer centric company, Mission : To continually raise the bar of the customer experience by using the internet and technology to help consumers, find, discover and buy anything, and empower businesses and content creators to maximise their success., Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, Amazon.com's product lines available at its website include several media (books, DVDs, music CDs,, videotapes and software), apparel, baby products, consumer electronics, beauty products, gourmet food,, groceries, health and personal-care items, industrial & scientific supplies, kitchen items, jewelry, watches, lawn, and garden items, musical instruments, sporting goods, tools, automotive items and toys & games. It has the, following services for its customers;, ♦, ♦, ♦, ♦, ♦, ♦, ♦, ♦, ♦, ♦, ♦, ♦, ♦, ♦, ♦, ♦, ♦, , AmazonFresh, Amazon Prime, Amazon Web Services, Alexa, Appstore, Amazon Drive, Echo, Kindle, Fire tablets, Fire TV, Video, Kindle Store, Music, Music Unlimited, Amazon Digital Game Store, Amazon Studios, AmazonWireless, , Business in News, Amazon ranked 2nd on Fortune 500 Companies List in 2020., ♦, Amazon ranked 22nd on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., ♦, #1 American Customer Satisfaction Index Internet Retail Category, 2020, Ranked in the top 10, eleven, ♦, years running, #1 BrandZ Most Valuable Global Brand, 2019-2020, ♦, #2 Fortune World’s Most Admired Companies, 2017-2020, ♦, Jeff Bezos is currently the richest person in the world with a personal wealth of over $175 Billion., ♦, (www.bbc.com), Source : wikipedia.org and www.aboutamazon.com/our-company/select-awards-and-recognition, , For more information you may visit company website: www.amazon.com, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.50, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , AMERICAN EXPRESS, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1850, , Headquarter, , :, , New York City, US, , Present Head (Chairman and CEO), , :, , Stephen Squeri, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Jeffery C. Campbell, , Company Introduction, American Express Company is an American multinational financial services corporation. The company is best, known for its credit card, charge card, and traveller’s cheque businesses. In 2016, credit cards using the, American Express network accounted for 22.9% of the total dollar volume of credit card transactions in the US., It operates in 175 countries with 2,300 offices across the world. It is the parent organisation of three major, companies: American Express Travel Related Services (TRS), The American Express Bank Ltd. (AEBL) and, American Express Financial Advisors., American Express in India:, In India, the company offers a wide range of travel, financial and network service products. American Express, established its first office in India in 1921 in Kolkata. Since then it has grown to become the leading travel, related services and banking organisation in the country., American Express is considered a pioneer in offshoring processes to captive centres in India. The company, has set up global back office operations to leverage the skilled manpower available in India:, ♦, , American Express (India) Private Ltd.: This centre handles accounting and financial processes for, American Express’ businesses around the world., , ♦, , American Express Global Service Centre: This centre provides support to the company’s card,, financial services and travel-related businesses in the US and other countries., , Company History, American Express was started in 1850 as an express mail business in New York. It was founded as a joint, stock corporation by the merger of the express companies owned by Henry Wells (Wells & Company), William, G. Fargo (Livingston, Fargo & Company), and John Warren Butterfield (Wells, Butterfield & Company)., Philosophy, Vision: To be a leading provider of payment solutions worldwide., Mission: Leverage our local and global expertise to be a leading provider of payment solutions for our, customers by delivering high quality, innovative and world-class products and services; while maintaining the, highest standards of governance and ethics., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .51, , 3.51, , Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, American Express’s products and services are:, Segments, , Products, , Card products, , Consumer cards, Acceptance of American Express cards outside of the United States,, Card design, ExpressPay, Small business services (also known as American Express, OPEN), Commercial cards and services, Non-proprietary cards and Merchant account., , Non-card products, , Traveler’s checks, Shearson/American Express, Financial advisors, International bank,, Travel, Publishing and Individual banking, , Business in News, ♦, , American Express ranked 67th on Fortune 500 Companies in 2020., , ♦, , American Express ranked 88th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , American Express ranked 43rd on Forbes World's Best Employer's List 2019., , ♦, , American Express (Amex) has added 6 lakh new merchants since 2017 in India., https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/amex-brings-6-lakh-new-merchants-in-itsfold-since-2017-4566471.html, Information Bubble, Like in India we use Ltd. or Private Ltd. after the company’s name to identify of the, company is a public company (with shares traded on Stock Exchange) or a privately owned, company. Similarly, every country uses its own terms of to denote a company., For example, Inc. or Corporation or Corp. or LLC is used in United States to denote public, company, while GmbH (“Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung,” ) is used in Germany to, denote a company with limited liability., , For more information you may visit company website: www.americanexpress.com, , APPLE, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1977, , Headquarter, , :, , California, US, , Present Head (CEO), , :, , Tim Cook, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Luca Maestri, , Company Introduction, Apple is an American multinational technology company. It designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics,, computer software, and online services. Apple is the world’s largest information technology company by, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.52, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , revenue, the world’s largest technology company by total assets, and the world’s second-largest mobile phone, manufacturer, by volume, after Samsung. It maintains 478 retail stores in seventeen countries. It operates the, online Apple Store and iTunes Store, the latter of which is the world’s largest music retailer., Company History, Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in April 1976 to develop and sell, personal computers. It was incorporated as Apple Computer, Inc. in January 1977, and was renamed as Apple, Inc. in January 2007 to reflect its shifted focus toward consumer electronics., Philosophy, Vision: To produce high-quality, low cost, easy to use products that incorporate high technology for the, individual. We are proving that high technology does not have to be intimidating for non-computer experts., Mission: Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators,, creative professionals and consumers around the world through its innovative hardware, software and Internet, offerings., Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, Product Segments, , Brands, , Mac, , MacBook, MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, iMac, Mac Pro, Mac mini, macOS Sierra and, Compare., , iPad, , iPad Pro, iPad, iPad mini 4, iOS 10, etc., , iPhone, , iPhone 7, iPhone 6s, iPhone SE, etc., , Watch, , Apple Watch Series 2, Apple Watch Nike+, Apple Watch Hermès, Apple Watch Edition,, Apple Watch Series 1 and watchOS., , TV, , Apple TV, , Music, , Apple Music, iTunes and iPod, , Business in News, ♦, , Apple ranked 4th on Fortune 500 Companies List in 2020., , ♦, , Apple ranked 9th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , Apple ranked 4th on Forbes World's Best Employers List 2019., , ♦, , Apple acquired Shazam App in 2018 for an undisclosed amount. Shazam has been downloaded over 1, billion times around the world, and users identify songs using the Shazam app over 20 million times, each day., https://www.apple.com/in/newsroom/2018/09/apple-acquires-shazam-offering-more-ways-to-discoverand-enjoy-music/, , For more information you may visit company website: www.apple.com, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .53, , 3.53, , THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC., , Incorporation year, , :, , 1869, , Headquarter, , :, , 200 West Street, New York, NY 10282, U.S., , Founders, , :, , Marcus Goldman and Samuel Sachs, , CEO and Chairman, , :, , David M. Solomon, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Stephen Scherr, , Company Introduction, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is a leading global financial services firm providing investment banking,, securities and investment management services to a substantial and diversified client base that includes, corporations, financial institutions, governments and high-net-worth individuals. Founded in 1869, the firm is, headquartered in New York and maintains offices in London, Frankfurt, Tokyo, Hong Kong and other major, financial centers around the world., Company History, Goldman Sachs was founded in New York City in 1869 by Marcus Goldman. In 1882, Goldman's son-in-law, Samuel Sachs joined the firm. In 1885, Goldman took his son Henry and his son-in-law Ludwig Dreyfuss into, the business and the firm adopted its present name, Goldman Sachs & Co. The company pioneered the use of, commercial paper for entrepreneurs and joined the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 1896. By 1898, the, firm's capital stood at $1.6 million., Over the years it kept acquiring its competitive firms and companies and by early 21st century, it became the, biggest investment banking enterprises in the world., Philosophy, Mission : We are committed to a distinctive culture and set of core values. These values are reflected in our, Business Principles, which emphasize placing our clients' interests first, integrity, commitment to excellence, and innovation, and teamwork. Goldman Sachs is managed by its principal owners., Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, It offers services in;, ♦, , investment management,, , ♦, , securities, asset management,, , ♦, , prime brokerage, and, , ♦, , securities underwriting., , ♦, , It also provides investment banking to institutional investors., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.54, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , Business in News, ♦, , Goldman Sachs Group ranked 60th on Fortune 500 Companies List in 2020., , ♦, , Goldman Sachs Group ranked 47th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , Global Data (May 2020) : Named Top M&A financial adviser in the US for Q1, , ♦, , FinanceAsia Country Awards (May 2020) : Named Best International Investment Bank in China and, Taiwan, , ♦, , Money Management Executive Top Women in Asset Management (April 2020), , Source : wikipedia.org and www.goldmansachs.com and www.investopedia.com, , For more information you may visit company website: www.goldmansachs.com, , HP INC., , Incorporation year, , :, , 1939, , Headquarter, , :, , California, US, , Chairman, , :, , Chip Bergh, , Present Head (CEO), , :, , Enrique Lores, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Steve Fieler, , Company Introduction, Hewlett-Packard (HP) is an American multinational information technology company. It develops and provides, a wide variety of hardware components as well as software and related services to consumers, small- and, medium-sized businesses and large enterprises, including customers in the government, health and education, sectors., Company History, The company was founded in 1939 in a one-car garage in Palo Alto by William “Bill” Redington Hewlett and, David “Dave” Packard, and initially produced a line of electronic test equipment., Philosophy, Vision: To create technology that makes life better for everyone, everywhere — every person, every, organization, and every community around the globe., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .55, , 3.55, , Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, HP’s major product lines included personal computing devices, enterprise and industry standard servers,, related storage devices, networking products, software and a diverse range of printers and other imaging, products. HP marketed its products to households, small- to medium-sized businesses and enterprises directly, as well as via online distribution, consumer-electronics and office-supply retailers, software partners and major, technology vendors., Business in News, ♦, , In 2014, Hewlett-Packard announced plans to split the PC and printers business from its enterprise, products and services business. The split closed on November 1, 2015, and resulted in two publicly, traded companies: HP Inc. and Hewlett Packard Enterprise., , ♦, , HP ranked 109th on Fortune 500 Companies List in 2020., , ♦, , HP ranked 432nd on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , HP ranked 393rd on Forbes World's Best Employers List 2019., , ♦, , The company has committed $200 million over five or more years to develop water-based ink, technologies for printing digitally on corrugated packaging and textiles., https://press.ext.hp.com/us/en/press-releases/2019/hp-announces-bold-industry-commitment-tosustainable-ink-innovation.html, , ♦, , HP Inc., launched the world’s first notebook with ocean-bound plastics in Sep. 2019, https://press.ext.hp.com/us/en/press-releases/2019/hp-launches-worlds-first-pc-with-ocean-boundplastics.html, , For more information you may visit company website: www.hp.com, , IBM CORPORATION, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1911, , Headquarter, , :, , New York, US, , Chairman, President and CEO :, , Arvind Krishna, , Chief Financial Officer, , James J. Kovanaugh, , :, , Company Introduction, International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company. It, operates in over 170 countries across the globe. It manufactures and markets computer hardware, middleware, and software, and offers hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to, nanotechnology., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.56, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , It is a major research organization, holding the record for most patents generated by a business. Inventions by IBM, include the automated teller machine (ATM), the PC, the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the, relational database, the SQL programming language, the UPC barcode, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM)., IBM in India: IBM India Private Limited is the Indian subsidiary of IBM. Sandip Patel is the Managing Director of IBM, India Pvt. Ltd. IBM entered India in 1992 with a Tata joint-venture, named Tata Information Systems Ltd., Company History, The following four historical milestones contributed in the foundation of IBM:, ♦, , Julius E. Pitrat patented the computing scale in 1885,, , ♦, , Alexander Dey invented the dial recorder (1888),, , ♦, , Herman Hollerith patented the Electric Tabulating Machine, and, , ♦, , Willard Bundy invented a time clock to record a worker’s arrival and departure time on a paper tape in 1889., , ♦, , On June 16, 1911, their four companies were amalgamated in New York State by Charles Ranlett Flint, forming a fifth company, the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) based in New York., IBM was originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and was, renamed “International Business Machines” in 1924., , Philosophy, Vision: IBM should be first and foremost on any new enterprise data centre migration shortlist., Mission: To lead in the invention, development and manufacture of the industry’s most advanced information, technologies, including computer systems, software, storage systems and microelectronics., Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, Products Segments, , Services Segments, , •, , Analytics, , •, , Business consulting, , •, , Cloud, , •, , Technology services, , •, , Cognitive (US), , •, , Financing, , •, , Commerce, , •, , Industry expertise, , •, , Internet of Things (US), , •, , Training and skills (US), , •, , Industry solutions, , •, , Systems, , •, , Mobile, , •, , Security, , •, , Social, , Business in News, ♦, , IBM ranked 38th on Fortune 500 Companies List in 2020., , ♦, , IBM ranked 51st on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .57, , 3.57, , ♦, , IBM ranked 11th on Forbes World's Best Employers List 2019., , ♦, , IBM acquired Red Hat in 2019 for $190.00 per share in cash, representing a total equity value of, approximately $34 billion., https://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/ibm-closes-landmark-acquisition-red-hat-34-billiondefines-open-hybrid-cloud-future, , ♦, , IBM released a study by the IBM Institute of Business Value (IBV) on the Hybrid Cloud market in India, according to it 99% of Indian companies are set to adopt multiple Hybrid Cloud within next 3 years, https://www-03.ibm.com/press/in/en/pressrelease/55662.wss, , ♦, , Tech giant IBM on January 14 said it has received record 9,262 US patents in 2019, with India being, the second-highest contributor. "IBM inventors received record 9,262 US patents in 2019, achieving a, milestone of most patents ever awarded to a US company and marking the company's 27th, consecutive year of US patent leadership," a statement said., , ♦, , In 2019, IBM was granted patents across key technology areas such as artificial intelligence (AI),, blockchain, cloud computing, quantum computing and security, it added., , ♦, , IBM inventors from India received over 900 patents, the second-highest contributor to the global tally, after the US. Few of the patents filed from India include infrastructure costs and benefit tracking,, automation and validation of insurance claims for infrastructure risks and failures in multi-processor, computing environments, and eye contact-based information transfer., https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/ibm-tops-us-patent-list-for-2019-with-over-9000-patentsindia-second-highest-contributor-4817341.html, , For more information you may visit company website: www.ibm.com, , INTEL CORPORATION, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1968, , Headquarter, , :, , California, US, , Chairman, , :, , Omar Ishrak, , Present Head (CEO), , :, , Bob Swan, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , George Davis, , Company Introduction, Intel Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company. It is the world’s largest, and highest valued semiconductor chip makers based on revenue and is the inventor of the x86 series of, microprocessors: the processors found in most personal computers (PCs). Intel supplies processors for, computer system manufacturers such as Apple, Lenovo, HP, and Dell., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.58, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , Company History, Intel Corporation was founded on July 18, 1968, by semiconductor pioneers Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore,, and widely associated with the executive leadership and vision of Andrew Grove. The company’s name was, conceived from the words ‘integrated’ and ‘electronics’. The fact that ‘intel’ is the term for intelligence, information also made the name appropriate., Philosophy, Mission: “Delight our customers, employees, and shareholders by relentlessly delivering the platform and, technology advancements that become essential to the way we work and live.”, Intel’s core values are Customer Orientation, Discipline, Risk-Taking, Results Orientation, Quality and Great, Place to Work., Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, Product Segments, , Brands, , Devices and Systems, , 2 in 1 & Ultrabook™, Cable Modems, Desktops, Drones, Intel® Compute, Card, Intel® Compute Stick, Intel® NUC, Laptops, Microservers, Mini PCs,, Servers, Smart Phones, Tablets, Workstations, etc., , Processors, , Intel® Core™, Intel® Xeon®, Intel® Atom™, Pantium, Celeron®, etc., , Boards & Kits, , Intel® Curie™ SoC, Intel® Joule™, Intel® Galileo Development Board,, Intel® Quark™ D2000 Development Kit, Intel® Quark™ SE Microcontroller, C1000 Evaluation Kit, Server Motherboards, etc., , Chipsets, , Mobile, Desktop, Server and Embedded., , Server Products, , Data Center Blocks, Server Boards, Server Systems, Server Chassis,, Accelerator Cards, RAID Products and Server Management., , Networking, Communications, , and Ethernet Products and Fabric Products., , Wireless, , Cellular Modems, , Others, , Software, Intel Gateways, etc., , Business in News, ♦, , Intel ranked 45th on Fortune 500 Companies List in 2020., , ♦, , Intel ranked 38th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , Intel ranked 64th on Forbes World's Best Employers List 2019., , ♦, , Intel Corporation acquired Artificial Intelligence chip maker Habana Labs, an Israel-based developer, for approximately $2 billion in Dec.2019, https://newsroom.intel.com/news-releases/intel-ai-acquisition/#gs.oh1gv3, , ♦, , Intel Corporation sold the majority of its smartphone modem business to Apple valued at $1 billion in, 2019., https://newsroom.intel.com/news-releases/intel-completes-sale-smartphone-modem-businessapple/#gs.oh5k4x, , For more information you may visit company website: www.intel.com, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .59, , 3.59, , MICROSOFT CORPORATION, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1975, , Headquarter, , :, , Washington, US, , Chairman, , :, , John Thompson, , Present Head (CEO), , :, , Satya Nadella, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Amy Hood, , Company Introduction, Microsoft is an American multinational technology company. It develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and, sells computer software, consumer electronics and personal computers and services. Its best known software, products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, Microsoft Office office suite, and Internet, Explorer and Edge web browsers., Microsoft in India: Microsoft Corporation India is one of the fastest growing subsidiaries of Microsoft, Corporation, the worldwide leader in software, services, and solutions. The Microsoft India story began in 1990., Microsoft runs six major business units representing entire product cycle to serve customers from consumers to, corporations, gamers to governments., i), , Microsoft Research India (MSR India), , ii), , Microsoft India (R&D) Private Limited, , iii), , Microsoft IT India, , iv), , Microsoft Services Global Delivery, , v), , Microsoft Corporation India Pvt. Ltd. (MCIPL), , vi), , Microsoft India Global Technical Support Center (IGTSC), , Company History, Microsoft was founded by Paul Allen and Bill Gates on April 4, 1975 with Gates as the CEO. Microsoft entered, the OS business in 1980 with its own version of Unix, called Xenix. However, it was MS-DOS that solidified the, company’s dominance. It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the, mid-1980s, followed by Microsoft Windows. Since the 1990s, it has increasingly diversified from the operating, system market and has made a number of corporate acquisitions., Philosophy, Vision: To help individuals and businesses realize their full potential., Mission: To empower every person and every organization on the planet to achieve more., Microsoft’s vision statement shows the company’s target market and product value. Microsoft’s mission, statement presents the global market scope of the business and a general idea about the benefit of the, business to its customers. However, such information is still not clearly defined to represent the business., Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.60, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , Segments, , Products, , Software and Services, , Windows, Office, Free downloads and security, Internet explorer, Microsoft, edge and MSN., , Devices and Xbox, , All Windows PC and tablets, PC accessories, Xbox and games., , For Business, , Cloud Platform, Microsoft Azure, MS Dynamic 365, Windows for business,, Office for business, Skype for business, Enterprise solutions and Volume, licensing., , For Developers and IT Pros, , Microsoft Azure, MSDN, TechNet and Visual studio., , For Students and Educators, , Office for students, Onenote in classroom and Microsoft in education., , Business in News, ♦, , Microsoft ranked 21st on Fortune 500 Companies list in 2020., , ♦, , Microsoft ranked 13th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , Microsoft ranked 2nd on Forbes World's Best Employers List 2019., , ♦, , Microsoft Taiwan and Asia’s leading media technology company, KKBOX Group, jointly announced the, launch of a global strategic partnership that will migrate the group’s subsidiary KKBOX’s music, streaming services to the Microsoft Azure cloud platform., https://news.microsoft.com/2019/12/20/microsoft-and-kkbox-group-launch-global-strategic-partnership/, , ♦, , KPMG expects to invest US$5 billion in digital strategy and expand Microsoft alliance to accelerate, professional services transformation., https://news.microsoft.com/2019/12/05/kpmg-expects-to-invest-us5-billion-in-digital-strategy-andexpand-microsoft-alliance-to-accelerate-professional-services-transformation/, , For more information, you may visit company website: www.microsoft.com, , NESTLE, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1866, , Ownership group, , :, , Nestle Group, , Headquarter, , :, , Vevey, Switzerland., , Chairman, , :, , Paul Bulcke, , Chief Executive Officer, , :, , Ulf Mark Schneider, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , François-Xavier Roger, , Company Introduction, Nestle is a Swiss transnational food and drink company. It is the world’s largest food, nutrition, health and, wellness company. It has been the largest food company in the world. Nestle serves in 2000 plus brands, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .61, , 3.61, , across the globe. It has 418 plant facilities in 86 countries with its products available in 191 countries. It has a, huge work force of 3,52,000 people across the world., Nestle invests around CHF 1.5 billion in Research and Development every year. It has a worldwide network of, 17 research, development and product testing centres. It covers over 100 different professional areas including, nutritional science, the life sciences, raw materials, ingredients and production processes., Philosophy: A Vision, Its mission of “Good Food, Good Life” is to provide consumers with the best tasting, most nutritious choices in a, wide range of food and beverage categories and eating occasions, from morning to night., Company History, Nestle was founded 151 years ago as an Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company by a Swiss confectioner,, Henri Nestle in 1866. In August 1867, Charles and George Page established the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk, Company in Cham, Switzerland. In 1879, Nestle merged with milk chocolate inventor Daniel Peter. In 1905, the, companies merged to become the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company. Nestle came to India in, 1923., Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, Cookie dough, Maggi noodles, Nescafe, Kit Kat, Smarties, Nesquik, Stouffer’s, Vittel, Milkmaid, Carnation, etc., are one of the most popular products and brands of Nestle., Nestle’s portfolio of businesses include:, Brands, , Operations, , Products, , Nestle Waters, , World’s leading producer of bottled It has 52 water brands which include Acqua, water, employing more than 34,000 staff Panna, Aquarel, Buxton, Perrier, Pure Life,, at 100 production sites in 35 countries San Pellegrino, Sao Lourenco, and Vittel., globally., , Cereal, Partners It is a joint venture which combines the Breakfast cereals and baby foods., expertise of two companies: Nestlé and Cerelac, Gerber, Gerber, Worldwide (CPW), Graduates, NaturNes, Nestum,, General Mills., Chocapic, Cini, Minis, Cookie, Crisp, Estrelitas, Fitness, Nesquik, Cereal,, etc., Nestlé, Science, , Health It has been engaged in advancing the Related to the health areas, such as, role for nutritional therapy in the paediatric and acute care, metabolic and, obesity care, healthy ageing, and, management of people’s health., gastrointestinal and brain health. Example:, Boost, Meritene, Nutrin Junio, Alfameno, etc., , Nestlé Nespresso, , It was started in 1986 to enable anyone Nescafé, Nescafé, 3, in, 1, Nescafé, to create the perfect cup of espresso Cappuccino, Nescafé, Classic, Nescafé, Decaff, Nescafé Dolce Gusto, Nescafé, coffee., Gold, Nespresso, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.62, Nestlé, PetCare, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, Purina It aims to develop products that deliver Purina Pro Plan, Purina ONE, Fancy Feast,, comprehensive nutrition to help ensure Friskies, Dog Chow, Beneful, Alpo, Bakers, Complete, Cat Chow, Chef Michael’s Canine, the long healthy lives of pets., Creations, Felix, Gourmet, etc., , Nestlé Skin Health, , It works to enhance the quality of life by Cataphil Lotion, Daylong, Emervel, Mirvaso,, delivering science-based solutions for etc., the health of skin, hair and nails over the, course of people’s lives, , Competitive Scenario, Major competitors of Nestle in Indian sub-continent and worldwide are Unilever, Starbucks, Kraft Foods, Mars,, PepsiCo, Britannia, Walmart, Patanjali, Amul, Glaxo Smith Con, KRBL and Hatsun Agro., Major Acquisitions by Nestle, San Pellegrino in 1997, Spillers Pet foods in1998, and Ralston Purina in 2002, Chef America in June 2002,, Delta Ice Cream in December 2005, Hsu Fu Chi International Ltd. in July 2011, Vitaflo, CM&D Pharma Ltd.,, Prometheus Laboratories in 2012, etc., Major Joint Ventures by Nestle, ♦, , Cereal Partners Worldwide with General Mills (50%-50%), , ♦, , Beverage Partners Worldwide with Coca-Cola Company (50%-50%), , ♦, , Lactalis Nestle Produits Frais with Lactalis (40%-60%), , ♦, , Nestle Colgate-Palmolive with Colgate-Palmolive (50%-50%), , Business in News, ♦, , Nestle ranked 41st on Forbes World's Largest Corporation List 2020., , ♦, , Nestle ranked 79 th on Forbes World's Best Employers List 2019., , ♦, , Nestlé’s Board of Directors has decided to distribute an amount of up to CHF 20 billion to Nestlé, shareholders over the period 2020 to 2022, primarily in the form of share buybacks., https://www.nestle.com/media/pressreleases/allpressreleases/nine-month-sales-2019, , ♦, , Nestlé inaugurated the Institute of Packaging Sciences, the first-of-its-kind in the food industry to, address the global challenge of plastic packaging waste., https://www.nestle.com/media/pressreleases/allpressreleases/nestle-inaugurates-packaging-researchinstitute, , For more information you may visit company website: www.nestle.com, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .63, , 3.63, , WALMART, , Incorporation year, , :, , 1969, , Headquarter, , :, , Arkansas, US, , Chairman, , :, , Greg Penner, , Present Head (CEO), , :, , Dough McMillon, , Chief Financial Officer, , :, , Brett Biggs, , Company Introduction, Walmart, is an American multinational retailing corporation that operates as a chain of hypermarkets, discount, department stores, grocery stores and online store. It is world’s leading retailer renowned for its efficiency and, expertise in logistics, supply chain management and sourcing. Walmart is the world’s largest company by, revenue. Walmart has 11,695 stores and clubs in 28 countries, under a total of 63 banners as well as the, largest private employer in the world. Walmart’s primary competitors include department stores like Aldi, Kmart,, Kroger, Ingles, Target, Shopko, and Meijer, and Winn Dixie., Walmart in India: Wal-Mart India owns and operates 21 Best Price Modern Wholesale stores offering nearly, 5,000 items in a Cash and Carry wholesale format in 9 States across India. The first store opened in Amritsar in, May 2009. Sameer Aggarwal is the CEO, Walmart India., On 1 st July, 2014, Walmart India launched B2B e-commerce platform and extended it to its Best Price store, members (kirana stores, offices and institutions and hotels, caterers and restaurants and other business, members), providing them with a convenient online shopping opportunity. As an exclusive virtual store for its, members in 19 cities, the e-commerce platform provides a similar assortment of products, as well as special, items., Company History, It was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and incorporated on October 31, 1969. The company was listed on the, New York Stock Exchange in 1972., Philosophy, Vision: To be the best retailer in the hearts and minds of consumers and employees., Mission: Saving people money so that they can live better., Slogan: Save money. Live better., Portfolio of Company; Products and Services it offers, ♦, , Walmart sells a wide range of fresh, frozen and chilled foods, fruits and vegetables, dry groceries,, personal and home care, hotel and restaurant suppliers, clothing, office supplies and other general, merchandise items., , ♦, , Walmart’s operations are organized into four divisions: Walmart U.S., Walmart International, Sam’s, Club and Global eCommerce., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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3.64, , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, , Business in News, ♦, , Walmart ranked 1st on Fortune 500 Companies List in 2020., , ♦, , Walmart ranked 19th on Forbes World's Largest Public Corporations List 2020., , ♦, , Walmart acquires 77% shares of Flipkart on May 9, 2018, , ♦, , In 2017, Walmart acquired Moosejaw and Bonobos for approximately $351 million., , ♦, , In 2016, Walmart acquired jet.com for approximately $565 million., , ♦, , Walmart India & HDFC Bank announced co-branded credit card exclusively for over 1 million ‘Best, Price’ members in Dec. 2019, http://www.wal-martindia.in/2019/12/02/walmart-india-hdfc-bank-announce-co-branded-credit-cardexclusively-for-over-1-million-best-price-members, , ♦, , Walmart India Opens 25th Cash & Carry Store in India; Reiterates commitment to enable Kiranas &, Small Businesses to prosper, increase sourcing from farmers & develop MSME eco-system., http://www.wal-martindia.in/2019/07/03/walmart-india-opens-25th-cash-carry-store-in-india-reiteratescommitment-to-enable-kiranas-small-businesses-to-prosper-increase-sourcing-from-farmers-developmsme-eco-system, , For more information you may visit company website: www.walmartstores.com, , SUMMARY, A company overview is the most effective way to acquire business intelligence and gain vital information about, it. It becomes essential for business professionals, business analysts such as budget analysts, financial, analysts, management analysts, and market research analysts to analyse business practices, identifying, potential business problems, market requirements and providing financial, marketing or managerial solutions., ♦, , Budget analysts help companies and organizations keep their finances on track., , ♦, , Financial analysts offer advice on investment decisions for external or internal financial clients as a, core part of the job., , ♦, , Management analysts work with the heads of businesses to improve efficiency and, consequently,, profitability., , ♦, , Market research analysts study competitors’ and clients’ strength and weaknesses in order to advise a, company on what decisions would be most profitable., , The detailed study of some of the eminent national and multinational companies from different sectors and a, wide range of industries gave an insight about the discussed companies and industries. it would help you to, develop an understanding of how to analyse the information when received, collected or made available from, different sources for understanding, analysis, and reporting in day to day business life. With a detailed, company profile, one can get an insight into each company’s competitors’ strengths, weaknesses, strategies, and performance. Business news focuses primarily on market or policy news as well as its position in terms of, its competition, as it is relevant to business owners, economists, financiers, public policy makers, business, analysts, professors, researchers and students., , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .65, , TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE, MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs), 1., , 2., , 3., , 4., , 5., , 6., , Who is the present chairman of HDFC bank?, (a), , Deepak S Parekh, , (b), , M.K. Sharma, , (c), , Sanjiv Singh, , (d), , Chandan Kumar Dey, , When was Reliance Industries Ltd. incorporated?, (a), , 1965, , (b), , 1966, , (c), , 1978, , (d), , 1959, , Which pharmaceutical company has the slogan ‘caring for life’?, (a), , Dr. Reddy’s, , (b), , Lupin Ltd., , (c), , Cipla Ltd., , (d), , Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., , Which gas company owns India’s largest pipeline network?, (a), , Gail (India) Ltd., , (b), , Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd., , (c), , Reliance Industries Ltd., , (d), , ONGC, , Where are the Headquarters of ITC Limited?, (a), , Kolkata, , (b), , Mumbai, , (c), , Delhi, , (d), , Bengaluru, , State Bank of India was formerly known as:, (a), , Bank of Madras, , (b), , Bank of Calcutta, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, , 3.65

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3.66, , 7., , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, (c), , Imperial Bank, , (d), , Indian Bank, , Jayesh Merchant is the CFO of which company?, , 8., , (a), , Asian Paints Ltd., , (b), , Ambuja cements Ltd., , (c), , Bosch Ltd., , (d), , Ultratech cement Ltd., , Which industrial category does Wipro Ltd. come under?, , 9., , (a), , Pharmaceuticals & Drugs, , (b), , Diversified, , (c), , Media, , (d), , IT- Software, , Which of the folloing IT companies is not based in the US?, , 10., , 11., , 12., , (a), , Microsoft Corporation, , (b), , Intel Corporation, , (c), , HCL Technologies Ltd., , (d), , IBM Corporation, , NESTLE is a beverage partner with which of the following companies?, (a), , Coca-Cola India, , (b), , Pepsico India Holdings Pvt. Ltd., , (c), , Red Bull India Pvt. Ltd, , (d), , Dabur India Ltd, , Where are the headquarters of Walmart?, (a), , Arkansas, US, , (b), , California, US, , (c), , Newyork, US, , (d), , None of the above, , Who founded Wipro Limited?, (a), , Azim Premji, , (b), , Mohamed Premji, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .67, , 13., , 14., , 15., , 16., , 17., , 18., , (c), , Champaklal H. Choksi, , (d), , Chimanlal N. Choksi, , The major textile brand ‘Vimal’ was introduced in which year?, (a), , 1975, , (b), , 1965, , (c), , 1985, , (d), , 1986, , Who is the present CEO of Microsoft Corporation?, (a), , Satya Nadella, , (b), , Amy Hood, , (c), , Brain M. Krzanich, , (d), , Tim Cook, , Which IT company acquired Beats Electronics in 2014?, (a), , Microsoft Corporation, , (b), , Apple, , (c), , Intel Corporation, , (d), , IBM Corporation, , Which Bank provides the digital service PayZapp?, (a), , Axis Bank Limited, , (b), , HDFC Bank Limited, , (c), , ICICI Bank Limited, , (d), , SBI, , Who is the present chairman of Bajaj Auto Ltd.?, (a), , Mr. Rahul Bajaj, , (b), , Mr. Rajiv Bajaj, , (c), , Jamnalal Bajaj, , (d), , Kevin P D’sa, , Which of the following is not a product of Bajaj Auto Limited?, (a), , Avenger, , (b), , Discover, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, , 3.67

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3.68, , 19., , 20., , 21., , 22., , 23., , 24., , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, (c), , Splendor, , (d), , CT 100, , Which of the following is a subsidiary of GAIL India Limited?, (a), , Central Coalfields Limited, , (b), , Mahanadi Coalfields Limited, , (c), , Western Coalfields Limited, , (d), , Brahmaputra Cracker and Polymer Limited, , Which company is ranked 1st on Fortune 500 Companies List 2020?, (a), , Nestle, , (b), , Walmart, , (c), , IBM Corporation, , (d), , Amazon, , Who is the present CFO of Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Ltd.?, (a), , Ravi Bhamidipaty, , (b), , Karan Gautambhai Adani, , (c), , Alok kumar agarwal, , (d), , Rakesh Shah, , Goldman Sachs was founded in which year?, (a), , 1930, , (b), , 1869, , (c), , 1890, , (d), , 1969, , Which Company ranked 2nd on Forbes World's Best Employer's List 2019?, (a), , American Express, , (b), , Walmart, , (c), , Microsoft, , (d), , Larsen & Toubro, , The mission of which transnational company is ‘Good Food, Good Life’?, (a), , Tata Group, , (b), , Reliance fresh, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .69, , 25., , 26., , 27., , 28., , 29., , 30., , (c), , Nestle, , (d), , Starbucks, , When did Microsoft begin its business in India?, (a), , 1990, , (b), , 1991, , (c), , 1995, , (d), , 1989, , What is Intel’s rank in the Fortune 500 Companies List 2020?, (a), , 48th, , (b), , 43rd, , (c), , 45th, , (d), , 38th, , Who was the founder of Walmart?, (a), , Sam Watson, , (b), , Bret Biggs, , (c), , Greg Penner, , (d), , Luca Maestri, , What was the initial name of Apple Inc.?, (a), , Apple corporation, , (b), , Apple Computer Inc., , (c), , Apple IT solutions, , (d), , Apple Mac Inc., , Who is the current CEO of ICICI Bank’s?, (a), , Sandeep Bakshi, , (b), , Chanda Kochhar, , (c), , Vijay Channdok, , (d), , Shweta Bansal, , Indane LPG is the product of which corporation in India?, (a), , IOCL, , (b), , NTPC, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, , 3.69

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3.70, , 31., , 32., , 33., , 34., , 35., , 36., , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, (c), , ONGC, , (d), , PGCIL, , By what name are the Education and Stationary products by ITC known in India?, (a), , Camel, , (b), , Apsara, , (c), , Natraj, , (d), , Classmate, , Where are the headquarters of L&T?, (a), , Bengaluru, , (b), , Delhi, , (c), , Mumbai, , (d), , Chennai, , Who is the CMD of Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.?, (a), , I.S. Jha, , (b), , R. N. Nayak, , (c), , Vishal Sikka, , (d), , M. D. Ranganath, , Power System Operation Corporation Limited (POSOCO) is a subsidiary of:, (a), , IOCL, , (b), , NTPC, , (c), , ONGC, , (d), , PGCIL, , ‘My customer First’ is the Vision of which Bank?, (a), , SBI, , (b), , Axis Bank, , (c), , HDFC Bank, , (d), , Bank of Baroda, , What is the Global banking platform by EdgeVerve Systems(Infosys) called?, (a), , Mana, , (b), , Finacle, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .71, , 37., , 38., , 39., , 40., , 41., , 42., , (c), , Skava, , (d), , Panaya Cloud Suite, , Which of the following is not a subsidiary of NTPC?, (a), , Kanti Bijlee Utpadan Nigam Limited, , (b), , Patratu Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Limited, , (c), , Bhartiya Rail Bijlee Company Limited, , (d), , Kalinga Bidyut Prasaran Nigam Private Limited, , Which one of the following is not an FMCG Company?, (a), , ITC, , (b), , Dabour, , (c), , HUL, , (d), , Maruti, , Choose the correct statement:, (a), , Cipla & L&T Ltd are foreign companies, , (b), , Nestle & IBM are foreign companies, , (c), , Coal India Ltd is owned by the Tata Sons, , (d), , HDFC and Axis Banks are foreign Bank, , Which of the following is incorrect about ONGC?, (a), , ONGC is a public sector undertaking engaged in oil exploration activity, , (b), , It has subsidiaries in 17 countries, , (c), , Its headquarter is in Ahmedabad, , (d), , It was set up in 1956, , Which of the following cannot be categorised as PSU?, (a), , NTPC, , (b), , BHEL, , (c), , Post & Telegraph, , (d), , Power Grid Corporation in India, , Choose the correct statement:, (a), , Tata Sons is a Holding Company, , (b), , Infosys, Wipro and TCS are IT Companies, , (c), , Flipkart, Amazon, Myntra are online Trading Companies, , (d), , All of the above are correct, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, , 3.71

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3.72, 43., , 44., , 45., , 46., , 47., , BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE, Match the following:, Companies, , Product, , Microsoft, , Coffee, , Bajaj, , Windows, , Nestle, , Activa, , Jio, , Mobile phone, , (a), , Microsoft-Activa, Bajaj-Windows, Nestle-Coffee, Jio-Mobile phone service, , (b), , Microsoft-Windows, Bajaj-Activa, Nestle-Coffee, Jio-Mobile phone service, , (c), , Microsoft-Coffee, Bajaj-Windows, Nestle-Activa, Jio-Mobile phone service, , (d), , Microsoft-Windows, Bajaj-Coffee, Nestle-Activa, Jio-Mobile phone service, , Which of the following is incorrect about SBI?, (a), , SBI was originally Imperial bank of India, , (b), , It became SBI in 1955, , (c), , It was nationalised along with 14 commercial Bank, , (d), , 5 associated banks and Mahila Bank was merged with SBI on April 1, 2017, , Which one of the following is not a Foreign Company?, (a), , Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., , (b), , Walmart, , (c), , Nestle, , (d), , HP, , Goldman Sachs is majorly involved in which business?, (a), , Retail Banking, , (b), , Customer Services, , (c), , Investment Banking, , (d), , E-Commerce, , Amazon started its operations in India in the year?, (a), , 20120 - 2013, , (b), , 2002 - 2003, , (c), , 1999-2000, , (d), , 2014-2015, , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

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BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, , .73, 48., , 3.73, , Flipkart has its headquarters at?, (a), , Bengaluru, , (b), , Hyderabad, , (c), , USA, , (d), , Singapore, , Answer Keys, 1, , (a), , 2, , (b), , 3, , (c), , 4, , (a), , 5, , (a), , 6, , (c), , 7, , (a), , 8, , (d), , 9, , (c), , 10, , (a), , 11, , (a), , 12, , (b), , 13, , (a), , 14, , (a), , 15, , (b), , 16, , (b), , 17, , (a), , 18, , (c), , 19, , (d), , 20, , (b), , 21, , (d), , 22, , (b), , 23, , (c), , 24, , (c), , 25, , (a), , 26, , (d), , 27, , (a), , 28, , (b), , 29, , (a), , 30, , (a), , 31, , (d), , 32, , (c), , 33, , (b), , 34, , (d), , 35, , (a), , 36, , (b), , 37, , (d), , 38, , (d), , 39, , (b), , 40, , (c), , 41, , (c), , 42, , (d), , 43, , (b), , 44, , (c), , 45, , (a), , 46, , (c), , 47, , (a), , 48, , (d), , © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India