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Hypothesis Formulation, , Any hypothesis test starts with the formulation of the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. This section focuses on hypothesis tests for, one population mean, #1, however, the general procedure applies to any hypothesis test., , The null hypothesis for a hypothesis test concerning a population mean, jt, is expressed, , Ao: = bo,, where [lg is some number., , The formulation of the alternative hypothesis depends on the purpose of the hypothesis test. There are three ways to formulate an alternative, hypothesis (Weiss, 2010), , If the hypothesis test is about deciding, whether a population mean, yz, is different from the specified value jug, the alternative hypothesis is,, , expressed as, , Ha: uF WSuch a hypothesis test is called two-sided test., , If the hypothesis test is about deciding, whether a population mean, 1, is less than the specified value j1o, the alternative hypothesis is expressed, as, , Ha: < po., Such a hypothesis test is called left tailed test, , If the hypothesis test is about deciding, whether a population mean, 1, is greater than a specified value {o, the alternative hypothesis is expressed, as, , Ha: b> Mo., Such a hypothesis test is called right tailed test., , Note that a hypothesis test is called one tailed test if it is either left tailed or right tailed, , , , ‘Two-sided test | Left-tailed test | Right-tailed test, Sign in H4 Z < >, Rejection region | __Both sides Left side Right side