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Unit 2 Chapter 3 Death the Leveller (Poem), Death the Leveller (Poem) Textual Questions and Answer, Activity -1 (Read and respond), Question 1., Why does the poet think that the glories of our blood and state are shadows?, Answer:, The poet thinks that the glories of our blood and state are shadows because they are not substantial, or concrete things. They don’t last., Question 2., What do ‘sceptre and crown’ and ‘scythe and spade’ stand for and what do they symbolize?, Answer:, Sceptre and crown stand for the royal glory, splendour and power of rulers. Scythe and spade stand, for the tools of workers. Sceptre and crown symbolizes kings (authority) whereas scythe and spade, symbolize ordinary people (the masses)., Question 3., Why does the poet say that ‘there is no armour against fate’?, Answer:, The poet says that ‘there is no armour against fate’ because death comes to everyone. Nobody can, resist it. No armour will protect you against death., Question 4., ‘Some men with swords may reap the field’- What does this mean?, Answer:, It means some powerful conquerors might attack other lands and occupy them. Alexander the Great,, Napoleon and Hitler are good examples of such mighty men., Question 5., What is the fate of the men with swords who hope to reap the field?, Answer:, They also die, as they have to bend before fate. All are captives of the mighty Death., Question 6., What does ‘Death’s purple altar’ refer to?, Answer:, It refers to the inevitable death. It also refers to the battle grounds where blood flows and the ground, are made purple with the colour of blood. Thus it means bloodshed., Question 7., What does the phrase ‘victor-victim’ mean?, Answer:, It means the conqueror and the conquered, the triumphant and the defeated, the master and the, slave.
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Question 8., What can survive death ? What are the things that blossom in the dust? Why?, Answer:, The actions of the just, the good deeds of the righteous people, can survive death. The good actions, blossom in the dust because people will remember them and the aroma of the good actions will, continue to waft in the air., Question 9., Why death is called the Leveller?, Answer:, Death is called the Leveller because Death shows no distinction and he carries off everybody alike –, high and low, rich and poor, strong and weak – reducing them all to dust. He is an equalizer in whose, eyes everybody is equal. He levels everybody to one size!, Activity – II (Read the reflect), Question 10., Elaborate the ideas in the following lines:, Answer:, i) Only the actions of the just Smell sweet and blossom in the dust., All people have to die. Kings and clowns, scholars and illiterates, rich and poor, high and low – all will, die and become dust. But the actions of the good people will be remembered as they continue to waft, their aroma even from the dust., ii) The glories of our blood and state, Are shadows, not substantial things;, There is no armour against Fate., The glory or our birth and our condition are simply like shadows, not substantial, not concrete, not, things that will last for long. There is no way we can escape from death. Whether we are born high or, low, whether we are powerful or not, death will come to us and no shield of any kind will protect us, from death., Question 11., The following words are taken from the poem. (Describe the grammatical function), Answer:, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, , Armour – noun, wither – verb, But – Conjunction, tame – verb, Murmuring – adjective, stoop – verb, Boast – verb, tumble – verb, Where – adverb, reap – verb, Cold – adjective, boast – verb, Sweet – adverb, bleeds – verb
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Activity – III (Analysis), Question 12., Examine the rhyme scheme of the poem. What effect does it produce?, Answer:, The rhyme scheme of the poem is ababccdd. It gives the poem a highly musical quality., Couplet: A couplet consists of two lines of poetry that rhyme with each other and are of the same, length: e.g. “Sceptre and crown, Must tumble down.”, Question 13., Can you identify more couplets from the poem?, a) “Early or late ,, They stoop to fate”, b) “ murmuring breath, creep to death”, c) “actions of the just, blossom on their dust”, Figures Of Speech : Study the notes given on page 69., Identify the figure of speech in ‘Death lays his icy hands on kings’ – Personification., Pick out example of metaphor, metonymy and oxymoron in the poem., Answer:, Metaphor:, i) glories are shadows. It shows the transient and insubstantial nature of glory., ii) Actions of the just smell sweet: The actions of the just are flowers., Metonymy :, i) sceptre and crown means kings, rulers or people with high authority., ii) scythe and spade = ordinary people, Oxymoron : victor-victim bleeds. Normally it is only the victims that bleed., Activity – IV (Appreciation), Question 14., Men are mortal. Triumph and failures are part and parcel of life. However, we have to think of the, consequences of our action before we do something. The effect of our mistaken deeds cannot often, be rectified., Think and add your views : Life is a mixture of pleasure and pain. There are ups and downs in, everybody’s life. We should not be overjoyed in our success. In the same way we must not feel too, dejected in our failures. We have opportunities to do good and bad. If we do good things, posterity will, remember us as good people. But if we do bad things, people will curse us even after our death. So, our aim should be to live exemplary lives and help others to live their lives in a good way., Answer:, Now attempt an appreciation of the poem :
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The poem ‘Death the Leveller’ by James Shirley is a fine poem that teaches us a good lesson. It, says that our earthly glories are mere shadows. There is no shield against Fate. Death comes to all., Even the mightiest will be levelled with the poorest by Death, who is a leveller. Some men may make, big conquests but their strong nerves finally become weak. Finally they also die as poor, pale, prisoners of fate. So do not boast about your great actions. On the altar of death victor and the, vanquished bleed alike. However great you are, your head must come to the cold tomb. Only the, good actions of the just people will be remembered by posterity., The poem has fine imagery. The poet has used many figures of speech like simile, metaphor,, metonymy and oxymoron. These figures make the poem very interesting. The poem is in rhyme with, the scheme ababccdd. It has a fine rhythm and it is very melodious., The poem has a fine message: Death levels everyone. He treats all alike. All, kings and clowns,, scholars and the illiterate, the rich and the poor, end up in dust. So we should not boast about our, capabilities and achievements. We should remember that all of us are children of God and we all go, back to the same dust. Death is a great leveller., Activity – V, Question 15., Preparing a Class Magazine (To be done by the students)., , Death the Leveller (Poem) About the Author, , – James Shirley, James Shirley (1596-1666) is known as the last of Elizabethans. He wrote a lot for the stage. He, published four small volumes of poems and plays., ‘Death the Leveller’ is a funeral song. It asks the reader to think about human actions. The subjectmatter of the poem is the vanity and the impermanence of earthly glory and power. Death shows no, distinction and he carries off everybody alike – high and low, rich and poor, strong and weak –, reducing them all to dust. It is only the memories of the good deeds during our lifetime that will last, forever.
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Death The Leveller Summary, Stanza 1 : The glories of our blood and state are shadows. They are not concrete things. There is no, armour against Fate. Death lays his cold hands even on kings. Sceptre and Crown, the symbols of a, king, will fall down and they will be made equal with the sickle and spade, the tools and symbol of, poor people., Stanza 2: Some men may reap the fields with sword and plant fresh victories where they kill. But their, strong nerves finally become weak. Early or late they have to bend low before their fate and must, give up their breath. Finally they also die, as poor, pale prisoners of fate., Stanza 3 : The garlands on your brow dry up. So do not boast about your great actions. Upon the, purple altar of death the victor and the vanquished bleed alike. However great you are, your head, must come to the cold tomb. Only the good actions of the just people will flower in the dust and smell, sweet., Message: Death levels everyone. He treats all alike. All, kings and clowns, scholars and the illiterate,, the rich and the poor, end up in dust., Death The Leveller Glossary
