Page 1 : 1. In this chapter you have read that health is, a wider concept than Illness. Look at this, quote from the Constitution and explain the, terms 'living standard' and 'public health' in, your own words., An Important part of the Constitution says It, is the •duty of the state to raise the level of, nutrition and the standard of living and to, improve public health. •, Answer:, 7. Living Standard, • The level of living at which they, live., • It is a low level if the basic, needs are barely satisfied., • If one leads a comfortable, life, the living standard is, said to be of a higher level.

Page 2 : 2. Public Health, • Public health means the health of, the general public or people., • The constitution ensures equal, access to health t.o all without any, discrimination on the basis of, caste, creed, sex, religion, etc.

Page 3 : 2. What are the different ways through which, the government can take steps to provide, healthcare for all? Discuss., Answer: The government can take steps to, provide healthcare for all by:, , • Increasing the number of hospitals,, healthcare centres, and family welfare, centres., • Organising free camps for the check-up, of the general public., • Organising Pulse Polio campaigns., • Spreading health awareness among, common people through different, means. Workshops, seminars, and, training camps can also prove to be, effective ways.

Page 4 : 3. What differences do you find between, private and public health services In your, area? Use the following table to compare and, contrast these., Facility, , Cost of seroice s, , Availab tllty of service, , Private, Public, , Am., hclllty, , eo.t ofeemc ea, , AnU.bW ty of 11e1,lce, , Private, , High, very ~xpcnslve, , Everythi ng · Is available, but on high cost, , PublJc, , Either free or at very, low oost, , There Is always rush at the, public hospital s. Even though, services are available there, but It takes time.

Page 5 : 4. 'Improvement in water and sanitation can, control many diseases'. Explain with the help, of examples., Answer: Water and sanitation are the basic, necessities for the maintenance of our health., Poor quality of water causes a lot of health, problems. Similarly, poor sanitation causes, many epidemics giving birth to dangerous, insects and worms. Recently we saw the, spread of Dengue caused by Aedes (a, mosquito). Malaria is also caused by a, mosquito called anopheles. Improvement in, water and sanitation can control these, happenings.

Page 6 : 5. What did the court say in the case of, Hakim Sheik?, Answer: The court said that the difficulty that, Hakim Sheik had to face could have cost him, his life. If a hospital cannot provide timely, medical treatment to a person, it means that, the protection of life is not being given. The, court also said that it was the duty of the, government to provide the necessary health, services, including treatment in emergency, situations. Hospitals and medical staff must, fulfill their duty of providing essential, treatment. As various government hospitals, refused to admit him, the State Government, was asked to give Hakim Sheik the money, that he had spent on his treatment.

Page 7 : 2. What Is the Costa Rican approach? Explain., , [V. Imp.], Answer: Costa Rica is a country in North, America. It is considered to be one of the, wealthiest countries on the continent. The, Costa Rican govt gave much importance to, the health of its citizens.. It took an important, decision and decided not to have an army. In, this way, it saved money and began to spend, this money on health, education, and other, basic needs of the people. The Costa Rican, government believes that a country has to be, healthy for its development and pays sincere, attention to the health of its people., , The Costa Rican government provides all the, basic services and amenities to all the people, of the country. It provides clean drinking water,

Page 8 : of the country. It provides clean drinking water,, sanitation, nutrition, and housing. Health, education has been made an important part, of education and at all levels, students are, provided knowledge about health. The Costa, Rican approach towards health is, praiseworthy and inspiring.

Page 9 : 1. What do people in a democratic country, expect the government? [V. Imp.], Answer: People in a de·mocratic country, expect the government to work for their, welfare., , 2. Where do most doctors prefer to settle?, Answer: Most doctors prefer to settle in urban, areas.

Page 10 : 3. Name some water-borne diseases., Answer: Diarrhoea, worms, hepatitis.

Page 11 : 4. What problem do rural people face, , whenever they come In a grip of an illness?, Answer: They have to travel long distances to, reach a doctor.

Page 12 : 5. What do we need to prevent and treat, , illnesses?, Answer: We need appropriate healthcare, facilities such as health centres, hospital, laboratories for testing, ambulance services,, etc., , 6. What do you mean by a public health care, system? [V. Imp.], Answer: This is a system of hospitals and, health centres run by the government., , 7. What happened to Hakim Sheik?, Answer: One evening in 1992, he accidentally, fell off a running train and suffered head, 1nJur1es.

Page 13 : 8. Why did Hakim Sheik file a case In the, , court?, Answer: Hakim Sheik filed a case in the court, because of the indifferent attitude of various, government hospitals that refused to admit, him., , 9. Who got costly medical treatment-Aman, or Raryan?, Answer: Ranjan got costly medical treatment., 10. What did the court ask the State, Government In the Hakim Sheik case?, Answer: The court asked the State, Government to give Hakim Sheik the money, that he had spent on his treatment., , 11. What Is the full form of RMPs? Where are, they found?, Answer: Registered Medical Practitioners., They are found in rural areas.

Page 14 : 12. Where are private services, easily, available?, Answer: Private services are easily available in, urban areas., , 13. Why are poor people more llkely to fall Ill?, , Answer: Poor people are more likely to fall ill, because they are not provided basic, necessities like drinking water, adequate, housing, clean surroundings, etc., , 14. Why are women not taken to a doctor in a, , prompt manner?, Answer: It is because women's health, concerns are considered to be less important, than the health of men in the family.

Page 15 : 2. Mention some positive aspects of, healthcare In lndla. [Imp.], Answer: Some positive aspects of healthcare, in India are:, , 1. India has a good number of doctors,, clinics, and hospitals. It is among the, largest producers of doctors., , 2. Healthcare facilities have grown, substantially over the years. The number, of hospitals grew from 11,174 in 1991 to, , 18,218 in 2000., 3. India gets a large number of medical, , tourists from several countries. They, come for treatment in some of the, world-famous hospitals in India., 4. India is the fourth-largest producer of, medicines in the world and also a large, exporter of medicines.

Page 16 : 3. What major changes were made by the, Kerala government in the state in 1996?, Answer: The Kerala government made some, major changes in the state in 1996. It gave, 40% of the entire state budget to panchayats, so that they could plan and provide for their, requirements. This made it possible for a, village to make sure that proper planning was, done for water, food, women's development,, and education., , In this way water supply schemes were, checked, the working of schools and, anganwadis were ensured and specific, problems of the village were taken up. Health, centres were also improved., , In spite of all these efforts, some problems, such as shortage of medicines, insufficient, hospital beds, not enough doctors still exist, and these are needed to be solved.

Page 17 : 4. Write down the main features of the public, , health system. [V. Imp.], Answer: The main features of the public, health system are:, , 1. It provides quality healthcare servic,es, either free or at a low cost so that even, the poor can seek treatment., , 2. It takes action to prevent the spread of, diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria,, jaundice, etc. Time to time it takes up a, campaign to see that mosquitoes do not, breed in water-coders, rooftops, etc., 3. This system is available in both rural and, , urban areas.