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13. United Nations, , The United Nations formally came into existence on October 24, 1945., , The objectives of the United Nations, , To maintain international peace and security., , To develop friendly relations among nations., , To achieve international cooperation in solving international, problems., , To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations., Disarm, decolonize and develop., , Organs of the United Nations:, 1. The General Assembly, Composition:, , e, , e, , All the members of UNO are members of the General Assembly., Each nation has five representatives in the General Assembly but, each nation has one vote., , The regular session of the General assembly begins each year on the, third Tuesday in the September and continues until the third week of, December., , The assembly elects a new president, 21 vice presidents and the, chairmen of the assembly's six main committees., , The presidency of the assembly rotates each year among five groups, of states: Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Western Europe and Latin, America and Caribbean., , Decisions on important matters are made by a two —-third majority., Special sessions are convened by the Secretary General at the, request of the Security Council., , Powers and Functions:, , e, , Maintenance of international peace and security., , To discuss any question relating to international peace and security., To make recommendations for the peaceful settlement of disputes., To receive and consider reports from the Security Council and other, organs of the UNO., , To consider and approve the budget of UNO., , To elect the non-permanent members of the Security Council, the, Economic and Social Council and the Trusteeship Council., , , , 1|, , IW Edit with WPS Office

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To elect the judges of the International Court of Justice, To appoint the Secretary General on the recommendation of the, Security Council., , 2. The Security Council, Composition:, , e, , The council consists of 15 members., , It has five permanent members - china, France, Russia, Britain and, USA., , The regional representation of the ten non-permanent members is, from Afro-Asian countries — 5, Latin American countries — 2, West, European countries - 2, East European countries - 1., , The non-permanent members are elected by the General Assembly by, a two third majority for a term of 2 years., , The negative vote of a permanent member is called a veto., , The council is powerless to act if any of the five permanent members, uses the veto power., , Powers and functions:, , To maintain international peace and security., , To investigate any dispute this might lead to international friction., , To recommend methods of adjusting disputes., , To determine the existence of a threat to the peace., , To call on members to apply economic sanctions to stop aggression., To take military action against an aggressor., , To recommend the admission of new members., , To recommend to the General Assembly the appointment of the, Secretary General and to elect the judges of the International Court of, Justice., , 3. The International Court of Justice, Composition:, , The court is composed of 15 judges elected to 9 year terms of office, by the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council., Elections are held every three years for one — third of the seats., , The judges must possess the qualifications required in their, respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices., The court elects its president and vice president for a three year term, The court has the power to appoint its Registrar., , , , 2], , IW Edit with WPS Office

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Powers and Functions:, , e To settle disputes between member states by the UNO in accordance, with the international law., , e States refer a matter o the court voluntarily with mutual agreement, on seeking the court's jurisdiction., , e lt empowered to give advisory opinion on any legal question referred, to it by any organ of UNO and its Agencies., , e It has an important role in the codification of international law., , e It recommends appropriate procedures or methods of settlement of, the case., , , , 3], , IW Edit with WPS Office