Page 1 : Plant hormones, Hormones are chemical message, synthesis in one part transported, to another part, Hormones biosynthesis, , Amino-acid derivative, , Auxin, (tryptophan), , Isoprenoid, , Ethylene, (methionine), Cytokinin , G.A. ABA,, brassinostteroid, , a-linolenic acid pathway, (J.A.)

Page 3 : Bio synthesis of auxin

Page 4 : Auxin transport, • Auxin transport is polar, gravity independent very show though, parenchyma and occurs cell to cell mechanism through cell, membrane not through simplistic pathway, Bio assay – avena coleoptile test., , Physiological action, 1., 2., , Cell elongation – auxin increase wall elasticity through, chemiosmotic mechanism., Apical dominant – intact apical bud suppressed lateral bud, growth that is why pruning of herb make the dense.

Page 5 : 3. Tropism – gravity sensor is amyloplast called statolith Its, elongate to root along the gravity ., 4. Prevent abscission., 5. Promote flowering in pine apple ., 6. Commercial use - promote rooting and stem cutting , selective, weedicide , development of parthenocarpy fruit ., 7. Promote cell differentiation – in high con. Of auxin promote, xylem differentiation and low phloem differentiation .

Page 8 : • Gibberellic acid bio-assay – maize aleurone grain test., • G.A. transport – by simple diffusion., • Physiological action, 1. Fruit growth – G.A. spray on fruit the fruit size will be increase ., 2. Cell elongation – G.A. increase wall elasticity of cell., 3. Promote stem elongation – promote activity of intercalary meristem, the elongation of internode in biennial plant after Rosset growth in bolting, ., 4. Seed germination – seed germination controlled by G.A. to ABA ratio., , 5. Promote anther development

Page 9 : Cytokinin, • Cytokine are define by their physiological function, • They are the compound having following function, 1. promote cell division in callose in the presence of auxin, 2. Induce root and shoot growth from callose when present in appropriate molar ratio, with auxin, 3. Delay senescence, 4. Promote cotyledon expansion in dicot, , Historical background, First cytokinin was discovered was kinetin which is meta bolides product of yeast, First natural cytokinin discovered was zeatin from coconut milk

Page 10 : • They can be synthesis from free adenine of t-RNA so produced in all, organism, • In plants its synthesis occurred in young growing part to isoprene, unite (IPT), , Kinetin

Page 12 : • Bio assay – chloroplast preservation test, • Function, • 1. induce morphogenesis in callus when present in appropriate ratio, with auxin, • Modify apical dominance, • Delay senescence, • Herb nutrient remobilization, • Interact with various transcription factor, • Promote cell cycle.

Page 14 : • Ethylene bio assay, • Triple response, 1. Exaggeration of huck banding occurs, 2. Hypocotyl elongation inhibited and promote lateral swelling, 3. Root elongation inhibition

Page 15 : meth

Page 16 : Function of ethylene, 1. Upregulate to SAG, 2. Promote abscission, 3. Induce epinasty, 4. Induce climacteric, 5. Induce aerenchyma formation in submerged plant

Page 19 : • ABA bio assay, • Seed germination inhibition test, • ABA function –aba is a seed maturation and stress response, hormones, 1. seed maturation, 2. Stress response hormones, 3. In water stress leaf Couse stomatal closer, 4. Aba accumulate in doormat bud and prevent its germination