Page 2 : Concept of biodiversity :, ➢Bio- Life, , Diversity-Variety, , ➢Variety of life on the earth., ➢The term was coined by walter & Rosen in 1985., , ➢Comprises of all species of plants, animals, micro-organism and, the ecosystem & ecological process.

Page 3 : Definition:, ➢Biodiversity can be defined as vast array (Collection )of, species of microorganism, algae, fungi, plants and animals, occuring on earth either in terrestrial or aquatic habitat and, ecological complexes of which they are part., ➢Variety of living species on the earth including fungi, bactaria,, plants and animals.

Page 4 : Types of Biodiversity:

Page 5 : Species Biodiversity, ➢ The variety of species within a habitat or region., ➢ Observed within a community., ➢ Eg: Every human looks different from each other.

Page 6 : Genetic Biodiversity, ➢ The variation in genes & genotypes within a species., ➢ Eg: Maize.

Page 7 : Ecosystem Biodiversity, • This refers to the variation in the plants and animals species, living together and connected by food chains and food webs., , • Eg: Diversity in different ecosystems like deserts, rainforest,, mangroves, etc., include ecological diversity.

Page 8 : Measuring Biodiversity:, Which calculate the number of species diversity in, different regions. The measure of diversity of species is also, known as species richness., 1. Alpha diversity, 2. Beta diversity, 3. Gamma diversity

Page 9 : 1. Alpha diversity: The diversity in species, i.e. the number of, species within a community. This depends on the interaction, between the biotic and abiotic factors and also takes into account, immigration from other locations., 2. Beta diversity: The change in the composition of the species, with reference to the changes in the environment., , 3. Gamma diversity: The overall diversity and is applied to, larger areas in which both alpha and beta diversity are measured.

Page 10 : Importance of Biodiversity, 1., , Integral Part of Cultural Identity., , 2., , Used for Medicinal Purposes., , 3., , Contribute to Climate Change., , 4., , Provide more food resources., , 5., , Relation between Biodiversity & Industry

Page 11 : 6. Economic benefit of Biodiversity., , 7. Helps in Pollution management., 8. Forming a healthy Ecosystem, , 9. Acts as a source of recreation., 10. Soil Quality Improvement.

Page 12 : Part of Cultural Identity., • Human cultures co-evolve with their environment and, therfore the conservation of biological diversity can also be, important for cultural identity., • Example: Bishnoi Tribes of India.

Page 13 : Used for Medicinal Purposes., • A wide variety of plants and animals and fungi are used, as medicines, essential vitamins and painkillers etc.

Page 14 : Contribute to Climate Stability., Biodiversity management can help, mitigate the effects of climate change, , by sequestering carbon & increasing, energy efficiency measures., , The release of CO2 through deforestation, & land use change accounts for up to, 25% of total human-induced, , greenhouse, gas emissions.

Page 15 : Provide more food resources., Biodiversity is essential to food &, agriculture. It supplies many vital, ecosystem services, such as creating, and maintaining healthy soils,, Pollinating plants, controlling pests &, , providing habitat for wildlife including, for fish and other species that are vital, to food production & agricultural, livelyhoods.

Page 16 : Relation between Biodiversity & Industry, Biological sources provide many, industrial materials. The numerous, , industrial raw materials including, rubber, cotton, leather, food, paper,, timber, water, timber, fibre, oil &, dyes are supplied by biological, resources.

Page 17 : Economic benefit of Biodiversity., • Biodiversity is a source of economic wealth for many regions of, the worls., • Ex: Tourism and Recreation, • Nature Reserves, National Parks.

Page 18 : Helps in Pollution management., It plays a important, role in maintenance of, gaseous composition of, the atmosphere,, breakdown of waste, and removal of, pollutants.

Page 19 : Acts as a source of recreation., Forest, wildlife, National parks, biosphere reserve,, sanctuaries are the prime spot for ecotourism, photography,, painting, film making and literary works.