Page 1 : INDIA RANKINGS 2021, , RANKING, PARAMETERS, TEACHING, LEARNING, & RESOURCES, RESEARCH AND, PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE, GRADUATION, OUTCOME, OUTREACH AND, INCLUSIVITY, , PERCEPTION, , National Institutional Ranking Framework, , Overall | Universities | Engineering | Management, | Pharmacy | Colleges | Medical |, Law | Architecture | Dental, Research Institutions, , Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Government of India

Page 2 : INDIA RANKINGS 2021, , RANKING, PARAMETERS, TEACHING, LEARNING, & RESOURCES, RESEARCH AND, PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE, GRADUATION, OUTCOME, OUTREACH AND, INCLUSIVITY, , PERCEPTION, , National Institutional Ranking Framework, , Overall | Universities | Engineering | Management, | Pharmacy | Colleges | Medical |, Law | Architecture | Dental, Research Institutions, , Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Government of India

Page 3 : National Institutional Ranking Framework, , India Rankings 2021, , Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Government of India

Page 4 : Contents, Preamble, Acknowledgements and Credits, Preface: India Rankings 2021: Towards Consolidation, Improvement and Expansion, List of Figures, List of Tables, Terminology, Abbreviations and Acronyms, , iii, iv, vi, viii, x, , 1, , Background, , 1, , 2, , NIRF Parameters for Ranking of Institutions of Higher Education, , 1, , 3, , Metrics to Compute Ranking Scores, , 3, , 4, , Major Changes Introduced in India Rankings 2021, , 3, , 5, , Participation: Pre-registration and New Registration, , 3, , 6, , Methodology, , 4, , 6.1, , India Rankings 2021: Activity Calendar, , 4, , 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, , Source of Data: Institutions and Third Party Sources, Data Collection and Data Capturing, Online Feedback System, Data Verification, Inclusions and Exclusions, , 5, 5, 7, 7, 8, , 7, , 8, , 9, , Visualizing Data Beyond Rankings: Additional Insights, , 8, , 7.1., , Teaching, Learning and Resources, , 8, , 7.2, , Research and Professional Practice, , 11, , 7.3, , Graduation Outcome, , 22, , 7.4, , Outreach and Inclusivity, , 22, , 7.5, , Perception, , 24, , 7.6, , Rank Order Correlations Across Parameters, , 24, , 7.7, , Regional Outlook, , 26, , Six Years of India Rankings and its Impact on Performance Parameters of Educational Institutions, , 26, , 8.1, , Participation, , 26, , 8.2, , Teaching Learning and Resources, , 28, , 8.3, , Research and Professional Practice, , 32, , Computation of Scores and Rankings, , 42, , 9.1 India Rankings 2021: Top 100 in Overall, , 43, , 9.2 India Rankings 2021: Top 100 in Universities, , 46, , 9.3 India Rankings 2021: Top 200 in Engineering, , 49, , 9.4 India Rankings 2021: Top 75 in Management, , 55, , 9.5 India Rankings 2021: Top 25 in Architecture, , 57, , 9.6 India Rankings 2021: Top 40 in Dental, , 58, , 9.7 India Rankings 2021: Top 30 in Law, , 59, , 9.8 India Rankings 2021: Top 75 in Pharmacy, , 60, , 9.9 India Rankings 2021: Top 50 in Medical, , 62, , 9.10 India Rankings 2021: Top 100 in Colleges, , 64, , 9.11 India Rankings 2021: Top 50 in Research Institutions, , 67

Page 5 : 10. India Rankings 2021: Top 10/5 Institutions in various Categories and Subject Domains, , 69, , 10.1 Top 10 in Overall, , 69, , 10.2 Top 10 in Universities, , 73, , 10.3 Top 10 in Engineering, , 77, , 10.4 Top 5 in Management, , 81, , 10.5 Top 5 in Architecture, , 83, , 10.6 Top 5 in Dental, , 85, , 10.7 Top 5 in Law, , 87, , 10.8 Top 5 in Pharmacy, , 89, , 10.9 Top 5 in Medical, , 91, , 10.10 Top 10 in Colleges, , 93, , 10.11 Top 5 in Research Institutions, , 97, , 11 Execution, , 99, , 11.1 National Board of Accreditation, , 99, , 11.2 INFLIBNET Centre, , 99, , 11.3 Other Acknowledgements, , 99, , 12. URL of Ranked Institutions, , 99, , ii

Page 6 : Preamble, Acknowledgements and Credits, The Ministry of Education is pleased to present the sixth edition of India Rankings for the year 2021 based on the, National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF). The sixth edition of India Rankings builds upon previous five, annual exercises undertaken between 2016 and 2020 with consolidation, improvements and expansion in terms of, additional categories and subject domains added to the ranking exercise and number of institutions considered for, ranking., The First Meeting of the Implementation Core Committee (ICC) for India Rankings 2021, constituted by the Ministry of, th, , Education , was convened under the Chairmanship of Secretary (HE) on 29 Sept. 2020 through video conferencing., During the Meeting, it was resolved to invite applications for participation for ranking HEIs under an additional, category, namely, “Research Institutions” from 2021 onwards. During the Meeting, ICC approved the methodology for, ranking of Research Institutions., The ranking exercise for the year 2021 continues with the practice of providing a common “Overall” rank in addition to, a separate rank for Universities, and Degree Colleges, and discipline-specific ranks in Engineering, Management,, Pharmacy, Law, Medical, Dental and Architecture. Moreover, ranking of Research Institutions is being released for the, first time under this flagship initiative of Ministry of Education, Government of India., India Rankings continues to be a colossal and a demanding exercise that requires experts with in-depth knowledge of, higher education system in India, new trends and advances in data science and data crunching. The Ministry is happy, to put on record its appreciation for the National Board of Accreditation (NBA) for its continued zeal and for executing, this task with utmost dedication, under the guidance of the Implementation Core Committee (ICC). The NIRF Team at, NBA together with the team of its partner institution, i.e. INFLIBNET Centre at Gandhinagar have played a vital role in, the execution of this task., , India Rankings 2021, , iii

Page 7 : Preface, India Rankings 2021: Towards Consolidation, Improvement and Expansion, The Ministry of Education (MoE) is pleased to announce India Rankings 2021. We are indeed grateful to Shri, Dharmendra Pradhan, Honourable Minister for Education for e-release of the India Rankings 2021 on 9th September,, 2021., This is the sixth consecutive edition of India Rankings of institutions of higher education in India in four categories,, namely Overall, Colleges, Universities & Research Institutions and seven subject domains, namely Engineering,, Management, Pharmacy, Law, Medical, Architecture and Dental. The National Institutional Ranking Framework, th, , (NIRF), launched on 29 September 2015 by the Ministry of Education, was used for this edition as well as for the, previous five consecutive editions of India Rankings released every year since 2016. Unlike other rankings in the, popular media, India Rankings deploys objective parameters and metrics with factual data gathered from applicant, institutions themselves as well as from third party sources such as Web of Science, Scopus and Derwent Innovations., Several improvements in data collection formats, metrics and comparison methodology were adopted and put in, practice for India Rankings over past six years., India Rankings 2021 continued with the consolidation, improvement, and expansion as we built upon the NIRF, parameters defined in 2015 through experience gained over the years and feedback from stakeholders. In the process,, effective and efficient benchmarks have successfully been established to assess performance of the Indian academic, institutions in the higher education space. Changes in metrics, parameters and normalization algorithms were, introduced over the years, although the basic framework was kept intact. As a result, the ranking of institutions has, largely remained consistent, especially amongst first 25 top-ranked institutions, over the years, although individual, ranks might have changed by a few slots in some cases due to performance variations across institutions on some of, the parameters. As such, India Rankings is successful in identifying top institutions of higher education in four, categories and seven subject domains mentioned above., The practice of pre-registration of institutions that had participated in India Rankings in previous year, was continued, this year also. Moreover, new institutions were invited to participate in the ranking exercise through an open, advertisement. A total number of 4030 unique institutions responded and offered themselves for ranking under, “Overall”, category-specific or domain-specific rankings. In all, 6,272 applications for ranking were made by these, 4030 unique applicant institutions under various categories and / or subject domains., The India Rankings has successfully instilled the culture of collection, compilation and curation of data required for, ranking of institutions and is sourced from applicant institutions themselves. Applicant institutions are now carefully, maintaining data pertaining to their faculty, students, placement, infrastructure, expenditure on library, laboratories,, equipment, operations, etc. This culture is important for institutions themselves since analysis of this data provides, the big picture of trends and patterns that can be used for evaluating and streamlining processes, creating efficiencies,, and improving overall student experience. While at institutional level, the data and its analytics can help in assessing, , India Rankings 2021, , iv

Page 8 : institutions themselves against internal benchmarks, at the national level, the data can serve as a base for analysis of, status of higher education institutions in the country., It is important that the credibility that the India Rankings have earned is maintained with careful attention to details., As a matter of practice, 100 institutions are ranked in Overall, University, and College categories whereas ranking is, kept restricted between 25 and 75 institutions in all other subject domains/categories, i.e. Architecture, Pharmacy,, Management, Law, Medical, Dental as well as Research Institutions which was ranked for the first time this year., However, number of Engineering institutions that are being ranked has been increased from 100 to 200 from 2019, onwards. It may further be noted that all data for ranked institutions is painstakingly verified, inconsistencies,, contradictions and outliers are screened and identified, which requires a lot of diligence, patience and tactful handling, of institutions who might feel offended with direct and blunt questions on validity of data submitted by them. It, requires a lot of patience in educating individual institutions on the quality requirements on the data submitted by, them. NIRF Team has made extensive use of triangulation methods for detecting aberrations, contradictions and, inconsistencies and effecting corrections in consultation with the concerned institutions. Persistent emphasis on, accuracy of data on the part of NIRF has yielded positive results with change in tendency of institutions to present, inflated numbers. With continuing improvement in reliability of data from institutions, it would be possible for NIRF, team to concentrate on refining existing ranking parameters and metrics and pursuit for additional parameters that, can be deployed for ranking of institutions. Moreover, it would also be possible to bring-in larger number of, institutions into the ambit of rankings with a goal of ranking every deserving institution., Besides, sourcing data on various parameters from applicant institutions, third party sources of data have also been, used, wherever possible. Scopus (Elsevier Science) and Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics) were used for retrieving, data on publications, citations, and highly cited papers. Derwent Innovation was used for retrieving data on patents., Data retrieved from these sources was shared with the institutions for transparency with a provision to give their, inputs in case they are not agreeable to the data retrieved from third party sources., The ranking framework evaluates institutions on five broad generic groups of parameters, i.e. Teaching, Learning and, Resources (TLR), Research and Professional Practice (RP), Graduation Outcome (GO), Outreach and Inclusivity (OI) and, Perception (PR). Ranks are assigned based on total sum of marks assigned for each of these five broad groups of, parameters. Performance of ranked institutions can be seen on any of the five broad groups of parameters. A 5dimensional view of institutions across the 5 broad generic groups of parameters provides relative strengths of the, institution. Moreover, positive, and strong correlation is observed between rank of institutions based on all five broad, generic groups of parameters and its rank on the basis of “Research and Professional Practice (RP)”., It can also be observed that public-funded institutions including CFTIs, and a few centrally funded universities hog, most of the top-ranks in almost all categories of rankings. Moreover, a significant number of state and privately funded, universities and institutions appear in top 100 ranks in various categories of ranking., , India Rankings 2021, , v

Page 9 : List of Figures, Fig. No. Name of Figure, Fig. 1, , NIRF Parameters for Ranking of Institutions, , Fig. 2, , India Rankings 2021: Activity Calendar, , Fig. 3, , Faculty with Ph.D. Vs Faculty with Master’s Degree, , Fig. 4, , Distribution of Faculty with Ph.D. in Top 100/75 institutions as Compared to Faculty with Ph.D. in, Remaining Eligible institutions in Various Categories and Subject Domains, , Fig. 5, , Experience Profiles of Faculty in Eligible Institutions, , Fig. 6, , Young vs Experienced Faculty, , Fig. 7, , Faculty Student Ratio in Applicant Engineering Institutions, , Fig. 8, , Median Financial Resource Utilization (FRU) per Student in Various Categories and Subject Domains, , Fig. 9, , Research Publications of Top 100 Institutions as Compared to the Rest of the Eligible Institutions in, Various Domains / Categories (in %), , Fig. 10, , Comparative Research Output on Institutions in Overall Category: Least Productive to Most Productive, Institutions, , Fig. 11, , Highly Cited Publications of Top 100 Institutions as Compared to the Rest of the Eligible Institutions in, Various Disciplines / Categories, , Fig. 12, , Research Publications of Eligible Institutions in Comparison to Total Research Publications of the, World and India (On a Logarithmic Scale), , Fig. 13, , Comparative Research Publications of World, India and Eligible Institutions in Overall Category, , Fig. 14, , % Share in India’s Total Publications vs. Publications of Eligible Institutions in Engineering, , Fig. 15, , Total Publications of India: Eligible Institutions and Other Institutions in Overall Category, , Fig. 16, , Comparative Research Publications of India, Eligible Institutions and Other Institutions in Engineering, for India Rankings 2020 and 2021, , Fig. 17, , Total Publications of India: Eligible Institutions and Other Institutions in Engineering, , Fig. 18, , Share of Publications from top 100 Highly Productive Engineering Institutions, , Fig. 19, , Comparison of Sponsored Research Funding: India Rankings 2019, 2020 and 2021, , Fig. 20, , Increase in Number of Ph.D. Graduated during Academic Years 2017-2018, 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, in Engineering, , Fig. 21, , Average Salary of Students in Engineering Institutions in Academic Years 2017-18 to 2019 -20, , Fig. 22, , Regional Diversity: No. and Percentage of Students from Outside State and Country in Engineering (All, Programs) during Academic Year 2019 - 20, , Fig. 23, , Gender Diversity amongst Students: Male vs Female Enrolment in Engineering in Academic Year 2019-20, , Fig. 24, , Gender Diversity amongst Faculty: Male vs Female Faculty in Engineering in Academic Year 2019-20, , Fig. 25, , Peer Perception, , Fig. 26, , Employer’s Perception, , Fig. 27, , Correlation between Ranks by Research Performance and All Other Parameters for Different Categories, , to 32, Fig. 33, , and Subject Domains, Region-wide Distribution of Ranked Institutions in Overall Category, , India Rankings 2021, , vi

Page 10 : List of Figures, Fig. No. Name of Figure, Fig. 34, , Regional Distribution of Participating Institutions from 2016 to 2021, , Fig. 35, , Qualifications of Faculty in Engineering Institutions from 2017 to 2021, , Fig. 36, , Experience of Faculty in Engineering Institutions from 2017 to 2021, , Fig. 37, , Young vs Experienced Faculty in Engineering Institutions from 2017 to 2021, , Fig. 38, , Faculty Student Ratio in Eligible Engineering Institutions from 2017 to 2021, , Fig. 39, , Median FRU for Different Categories and Subject Domains, , Fig. 40, , Increase in Number of Publications of Top 100 Ranked Institutions from India Rankings 2017 to India, Rankings 2021 in Selected Categories and Subject Domains, , Fig. 41, , Increase in Number of Citations of Top 100 Ranked Institutions from India Rankings 2017 to India, Rankings 2021 in Selected Categories and Subject Domains, , Fig. 42, , Research Publications of Top 100 Institutions in Comparison to the Rest of the Eligible Institutions in, Various Categories and Subject Domains from 2016 – 2021, , Fig. 43, , Increase in Research Publications of Eligible Institutions in Comparison to Total Research Publications, of India from 2017 to 2021, , Fig. 44, , Share of Publications of Eligible Institutions vs Other Institutions in Engineering from 2017 to 2021, , Fig. 45, , Comparative Research Publications of World, India, Eligible Institutions and Top 100 Institutions in, Overall Category for the Years 2017 – 2021, , Fig. 46, , Comparative Research Publications of India, Eligible Institutions and Other Institutions in Engineering, from 2017 to 2021, , Fig. 47, , Comparison of Sponsored Research Funding in Overall, Engineering and Pharmacy in the Past Five Year, 2017 – 2021, , India Rankings 2021, , vii

Page 11 : List of Tables, Table No. Name of Table, Table 1, , Participation Number for Pre-registration and New Registration, , Table 2, , Participation Number for Overall Category and Domain-specific Ranking, , Table 3, , Region-wise Participation of Institutions in India Rankings 2021, , Table 4, , Faculty with Ph.D vs Faculty with Master’s Degree, , Table 5, , Distribution of Faculty with Ph.D in Top 100/75 institutions as Compared to Faculty with Ph.D in, Remaining Eligible institutions in Various Categories and Subject Domains, , Table 6, , Experience Profiles of Faculty in Eligible Institutions, , Table 7, , Young vs Experienced Faculty, , Table 8, , Faculty Student Ratio in Applicant Engineering Institutions, , Table 9, , Median Financial Resource Utilization (FRU) per Student in Various Categories and Subject Domains, , Table 10 Research Publications of Top 100 Institutions as Compared to the Rest of the Eligible Institutes in, Various Domains / Categories, Table 11 Comparative Research Output of Institutions in Various Categories and Domains: Least Productive to, Most Productive Institutions, Table 12 Highly Cited Publications of Top 100 Institutions as Compared to the Rest of the Eligible Institutions in, Various Disciplines / Categories, Table 13 Research Publications of Eligible Institutions in Comparison to Total Research Publications of the, World and India, Table 14 % Share in India’s Total Publications vs. Publications of Eligible Institutions in Engineering, Table 15 Number and % of Eligible Institutions having “0” Publications, Table 16 Share of Publications from top 100 Highly Productive Engineering Institutions, Table 17 Increase in Number of Ph.D Graduated during Academic Years 2017-2018, 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, in Engineering, Table 18 Average Salary of Students in Engineering Institutions in Academic Years 2017-18 to 2019 -20, Table 19 Regional Diversity: No. and Percentage of Students from Outside State and Country in Engineering (All, Programs) during Academic Year 2019 - 20, Table 20 Gender Diversity amongst Students: Male vs Female Enrolment in Engineering in Academic Year 2019 – 20, Table 21 Gender Diversity amongst Faculty: Male vs Female Faculty in Engineering in Academic Year 2019 – 20, Table 22 Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient (r) for Various Categories and Subject Domains, Table 23 Participation Number for Various Categories and Subject Domains from India Rankings 2016 to India, Rankings 2021, Table 24 Regional Distribution of Applicant Institutions from 2016 – 2021, Table 25 Qualifications of Faculty in Engineering Institutions from 2017 to 2021, Table 26 Experience of Faculty in Engineering Institutions from 2017 to 2021, Table 27 Young vs Experienced Faculty in Engineering Institutions from 2017 to 2021, India Rankings 2021, , viii

Page 12 : List of Tables, Table No. Name of Table, Table 28 Faculty Student Ratio in Eligible Engineering Institutions, Table 29 Median FRU for Different Categories and Disciplines from 2017 to 2021, Table 30 India Rankings Years: Publications, Citations and Academic Activities Data Considered, Table 31 Increase in Number of Publications of Top 100 Ranked Institutions from India Rankings 2017 to India, Rankings 2021 in Various Categories and Subject Domains, Table 32 Increase in Number of Citations of Top 100 Ranked Institutions from India Rankings 2017 to India, Rankings 2021 in Various Categories and Subject Domains, Table 33 Research Publications of Top 100 Institutions in Comparison to the Rest of the Eligible Institutions in, Various Categories and Subject Domains from 2016 – 2021, Table 34 Highly-cited Publication of top 100 Institutions in Comparison to the Rest of the Eligible Institutions in, various Domains / Categories, Table 35 Research Publications of Eligible Institutions in Comparison to Total Research Publications of India, Table 36 Number and % of Eligible Institutions having "0" Publications in Various Categories and Subject, Domains, Table 37 Share of Publications from top 100 Engineering Institutions (Ranked by Research Publications) from, 2017 to 2021, Table 38 Share of Publications of Eligible Institutions vs Other Institutions in India in Engineering from 2017, to 2021, Table 39 Comparative Research Publications of World, India and Eligible Institutions in Overall Category for the, Years 2017 – 2021, Table 40 Comparative Research Publications of India, Eligible Institutions and Other Institutions in Engineering, from 2017 to 2021, Table 41 Comparison of Sponsored Research Funding in Overall, Engineering and Pharmacy in Past Five Years, (2017 – 2021), , India Rankings 2021, , ix

Page 13 : Terminology, Abbreviations and Acronyms, Abbreviation, , Full Form, , Used, , Abbreviation, , Full Form, , Used, , A&HCI, , Arts & Humanities Citation Index, , INFLIBNET, , Information and Library Network, , AICTE, , All India Council for Technical Education, , IPR, , Intellectual Property Right, , AISHE, , All India Survey of Higher Education, , ISRO, , Indian Space Research Organisation, , BKCI-S, , Book Citation Index– Science, , JCR-Q1, , Journal Citation Report – First Quartile, , BKCI-SSH, , Book Citation Index– Social Sciences &, , MS, , Median Salary, , Humanities, , NBA, , National Board of Accreditation, , CFIs, , Centrally Funded Institutes, , NIRF, , National Institutional Ranking, , CFTIs, , Centrally Funded Technical Institutes, , CPCI-S, , Conference Proceedings Citation Index-, , OI, , Science, , PCS, , CPCI-SSH, CSIR, , Framework, , Conference Proceedings Citation Index-, , Outreach and Inclusivity, Facilities for Physically Challenged, Students, , Social Sciences & Humanities, , PR, , Perception, , Council of Scientific & Industrial, , PRACD, , Peer Perception: Academic Peers, , Research, , PREMP, , Peer Perception: Employers and, , DAE, , Department of Atomic Energy, , DCS, , Data Capturing System, , PU, , Combined Metric for Publications, , ESCS, , Economically and Socially Challenged, , QP, , Quality of Publications, , Students, , RD, , Region Diversity: Percent of Students, , FPPP, , Research Investors, , Footprint of Projects, Professional, , from other States/ Countries, , Practice and Executive Development, , RP, , Research and Professional Practice, , Programs, , SCI-Expanded, , Science Citation Index Expanded, , FQE, , Faculty's Qualification and Experience, , SS, , Student Strength, , FRU, , Financial Resources and their Utilisation, , SSCI, , Social Sciences Citation Index, , FSR, , Faculty-Student Ratio, , TLR, , Teaching, Learning & Resources, , GO, , Graduation Outcome, , UE, , Metric for University Examinations, , GPHD, , Metric for Number of Ph.D. Students, , UGC, , University Grants Commission, , Graduated, , WD, , Women Diversity: % of Women, , GPHE, , Combined Metric for Placement, Higher, Education and Entrepreneurship, , HCP, , Highly Cited Papers, , HEIs, , Higher Education Institutions, , ICC, , Implementation Core Committee, , India Rankings 2021, , x

Page 14 : 1., , Background, , The process of framing National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) began on October 9, 2014, with constitution, of a 16-member Core Committee under the chairmanship of Secretary (HE), Ministry of Education. The terms of, reference of the Committee were to suggest a reliable, transparent, and authentic National Framework for measuring, performance and ranking of institutions of higher education and to recommend institutional mechanisms, processes, and timelines for implementation of the National Institutional Ranking Framework. The framework was given a final, shape after intense discussions and deliberations during a series of meetings of the Committee and exchanges with, peers and stakeholders mainly through online modes., The NIRF envisaged separate rankings for different categories and subject domains. As such, category-specific and, domain-specific frameworks were drafted for every category and subject domain based on the broad, recommendations of the National Institutional Ranking Framework. Frameworks for Universities, Colleges,, Engineering, Pharmacy and Architecture were released in 2015. Frameworks for other categories and domains were, drafted in the years of their induction for ranking under India Rankings. Likewise, draft framework for ranking of HEIs, under “Research Institutions” category was approved in the 1st Meeting of the Implementation Core Committee (ICC), of NIRF Scheme held on 29th Sept. 2020 which was appointed by the Ministry of Education to oversee implementation, of rankings under overall National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF)., A common Overall ranking was introduced for institutions that have a minimum of 1,000 students from the year 2017, onwards in addition to other category-specific and domain-specific rankings to provide a common view of comparable, institutions across categories and disciplines. This practice is being continued for the past five years as well as in the, current year. In the year 2016, rankings were announced for Universities and for the subject domains of Engineering,, Management and Pharmacy. In 2017, in addition to these four rankings, the Overall ranking, and ranking of General, Degree Colleges were introduced for the first time. In the years 2018, while continuing with above mentioned six, rankings, three domain-specific rankings in the fields of Law, Medicine and Architecture were introduced. In the year, 2019 ranking was carried out for three Category-specific Rankings (Overall, Universities and Colleges) and six, Domain-Specific Rankings inducted from 2017 to 2018. In addition to ranking of HEIs in nine categories and domains,, ranking of Dental institutions was introduced in 2020. In the year, 2021, in addition to ranking under three categories, and seven subject domains, mentioned above, HEIs in India are also being ranked under Category “Research, Institutions” taking the total tally to 11 rankings including ranking in four categories, namely Overall, Universities,, Colleges and Research Institutions and seven subject domains, namely Engineering, Management, Pharmacy,, Medicine, Architecture, Law, and Dental., The final ranking framework has identified between 16-18 parameters organised in five major groups. Several of these, parameters are common to those employed globally and serve as pointers to ambience for teaching, learning and, research. However, there are a few India-centric parameters, reflecting aspirations of the rising numbers of our young, people enrolled into higher education institutions. Country-specific parameters relevant to the Indian situation, include regional diversity, outreach, gender equity and inclusion of disadvantaged sections of the society., The spirit of the Ranking Framework and parameters originally identified by the Core Committee and used for India, Rankings for the past five years is being retained for the year 2021. Minor changes were made based on the experience, gained in the process of ranking of institutions in previous five years., 2., , NIRF Parameters for Ranking of Institutions of Higher Education, , The NIRF provides for ranking of institutions in five broad generic groups of parameters, namely: i) Teaching, Learning and, Resources; ii) Research and Professional Practice; iii) Graduation Outcome; iv) Outreach and Inclusivity; and v) Perception., Fig. 1 provides an outline of the various sub-parameters for each of the five generic groups., India Rankings 2021, , 1

Page 15 : Student Strength including Doctoral Students(SS), Faculty-Student Ratio (FSR), Combined Metric for Faculty with Ph.D and Experience (FQE), Teaching, Learning &, Resources, , Financial Resources and their Utilisation (FRU), , Combined Metric for Publications (PU), Combined Metric for Quality of Publications (QP), IPR and Patents: Published and Granted (IPR), Research and Professional, Practice, , Footprint of Projects and Professional Practice (FPPP), , Combined Metric for Placement and Higher Studies (GPH), Metric for University Examinations (GUE), Median Salary (GMS), Graduation Outcome, , Metric for Number of Ph.D Students Graduated (GPHD), , Percentage of Students from Other States/Countries [Region Diversity (RD)], Percentage of Women [Women Diversity (WD)], Economically and Socially Challenged Students (ESCS), Facilities for Physically Challenged Students (PCS), , Outreach and Inclusivity, , Peer Perception: Academic Peers and Employers (PR), Perception, , NAAC Accreditation for University Category, , Fig. 1: NIRF Parameters for Ranking of Institutions, , India Rankings 2021, , 2

Page 16 : By and large, India Rankings continues to give a lot of emphasis to collection, verification and use of reliable data,, unlike global rankings that gives dis-proportionate weightage to perception and internationalization (in terms of, international students and international faculty), NIRF relies on ranking based on data, which is more objective,, especially in a large higher education system like India, where perception data alone can be misleading and amenable, to manipulation. Although, the task of collection, verification, and authentication of data from a large number of, institutions, is challenging., 3., , Metrics to Compute Ranking Scores, , The framework for ranking of institutions is available on the NIRF Web site (https://www.nirfindia.org/) in the, Ranking Documents for various categories and domains. These documents identify the relevant data required to, suitably measure the performance score under each sub-parameter mentioned above and enunciate a suitable metric, that is used to compute a score for the sub-parameter. The sub-parameter scores are then added to obtain scores for, each individual parameter. The overall score is computed based on the weights allotted to each of the five broad group, of parameters., 4., , Major Changes Introduced in India Rankings 2021, th, , Implementation Core Committee on India Rankings, in its meeting held on 29 Sept. 2020 approved use of framework,, methodology and metrics used for ranking of HEIs for India Rankings 2020 as well as for its previous editions., However, the following changes were approved in methodology used for ranking of Medical institutions:, I), , Abbreviation used for “Number of PG Students Graduated” shall be GPG instead of GPHD; and, , ii), , The marks distribution in Graduation Outcome parameter would also be revised to increase marks of Metric for, Number of Super Speciality Student Graduated from 10 to 20 thereby reducing marks for Placement and Higher, Studies and University Examinations from 30 to 25 each. Revised copy of the framework for Medical, Institutions is available on the NIRF Web site., , Moreover, parameters and methodology for ranking institutions under “Research Institutions” was developed afresh, under the overall National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF). Two additional parameters that are used for, ranking of Research Institutions are:, a) Research Papers published in journals covered in the First Quartile of Journal Citation Report, (JCRQ1); and, b) H Index., Copy of the framework for Research Institutions is available on the NIRF Web site., 5., , Participation: Pre-registration and New Registration, , In order to encourage larger participation in India Rankings, all institutions that had applied in the previous year, were, pre-registered for India Rankings 2021 and were invited to participate in the ranking exercise. In addition, other, institutions desirous of participating in the India Rankings 2021 were invited to register on the NIRF Web portal through a, public advertisement. All institutions were requested to submit their applications online for ranking under Overall category as, th, well as for ranking in one or more disciplines along with relevant data in a prescribed format by 24 Dec. 2020. Table 1, provides number of institutions that were pre-registered as well as those who registered themselves voluntarily. Table 2 and 3, provide number of participating institutions in different categories and domains and their geographical distribution, respectively., , India Rankings 2021, , 3

Page 17 : Description, , Registered, , Submitted, , 3620, , 3366, , 958, , 664, , 4578, , 4030, , Pre-registration, Registration, Total, , Table 1: Participation Numbers for Pre-registration and New Registration, , Category / Discipline, , Total Number of, Institutions, , CFTIs and, CFUs, , Overall, , 1657, , 91, , Engineering, , 1143, , 60, , Management, , 659, , 34, , Pharmacy, , 351, , 6, , 78, , 14, , College, , 1802, , 1, , Medical, , 111, , 2, , Law, , 120, , 7, , Research, , 234, , 54, , Dental, , 117, , 2, , 6272, , 271, , Architecture, , Total, , Table 2: Participation Numbers for Overall, Category and Domain-specific Ranking, Discipline / Region Overall, , Engg., , Mgnt., , Med., , Law, , Res., , Dental, , Total, , North, , 220, , 172, , 153, , Pharma. Arch. College, 61, , 20, , 156, , 24, , 44, , 62, , 32, , 944, , South, , 770, , 571, , 261, , 118, , 25, , 921, , 56, , 23, , 97, , 56, , 2898, , East, , 181, , 107, , 47, , 21, , 6, , 234, , 7, , 18, , 29, , 4, , 654, , West, , 486, , 293, , 198, , 151, , 27, , 491, , 24, , 35, , 46, , 25, , 1776, , Total, , 1657, , 1143, , 659, , 351, , 78, , 1802, , 111, , 120, , 234, , 117, , 6272, , Table 3: Region-wise Participation of Institutions in India Rankings 2020, , 6., , Methodology, , 6.1, , India Rankings 2021: Activity Calendar, , Activity Calendar for India Rankings 2021 was revisited during the 1st Meeting of the Implementation Core Committee, (ICC) held on 29th Sept. 2020 to accommodate delay in academic calendars of HEIs because of COVID 19 pandemic. The, process of inviting HEIs for submission of data for ranking was delayed for a month. The Data Capturing System (DCS), of India Rankings that is generally opened in mid-September was opened in December 2020 since several HEIs were, not able to take examinations and declare results of their students. Revised Activity Calendar for India Rankings 2021 is, given in Fig. 2., , India Rankings 2021, , 4

Page 18 : Framework, , Finalizing of Framework for India, Rankings 2021, , Registration, , Pre-Registration and Registration, , Data Capturing System(DCS), , Publications, Citations and P atents, , Feedback, , Data Verification / Correction, , Perception, , Release of Ranking, , Data Capturing System and Hosting of, Content on Institutional Web Site, , December 2020, , 1st December 2020 - 24th December 2020, , 4 January 2021 - 19 February 2021, th, , Publications, Citations and Patents, Data Integration, , Comments on Data from Stakeholders, and Public for Data Validation, , th, , March - April 2021, , 15th March 2021 - 22nd March 2021, , Data Correction (if any) based on, Feedback Received, , May - June 2021, , Data Analysis and Peer Perception, Survey, , March - July 2021, , Announcement of India Ranking 2021, , 9 September 2021, th, , Fig. 2. India Rankings 2021: Activity Calendar, 6.2., , Source of Data: Institutions and Third Party Sources, , In the absence of a reliable and comprehensive database that could supply all relevant data required for computing the, scores for ranking of HEIs, registered institutions were invited to submit the required data through an Online Data, Capturing System (DCS). Publications, citations and HCP pertaining to research output of applicant institutions were, retrieved from Scopus (Elsevier Science) and Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics). Data on patent published and, granted was taken from Derwent Innovation., 6.3. Data Collection and Data Capturing, Data Capturing System (DCS), Feedback System and the Perception Capturing System were developed for online, capturing of data from applicant institutions, feedback from public and institutional perception (from Peers and, Employers). As mentioned earlier, the data on publications, citations and highly cited papers were retrieved directly, from third-party sources. A brief description on data collection and data capturing is given below., 6.3.1. Online Data Capturing System (DCS), Data capturing system sought the detailed data in a format that facilitated computing the ranking metrics for each, parameter as well as for checking consistency of data. Detailed notes were provided to explain every data element to, help institutions to comprehend each data element and provide correct data. Attempts were made to keep the data, entry to a minimum. Data of the previous year in respect of the faculty, was pre-populated in the DCS, with provision for, changes with suitable remarks/reasons for the changes., , India Rankings 2021, , 5

Page 19 : Help desks were deployed to resolve general and technical issues faced by the applicant institutions during the entire, execution process of India Rankings 2021., 6.3.2. Publications, Citations and Highly Cited Papers (HCP): Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus, Two sets of citation databases were used as sources for retrieving data on the number of publications, citations, and, highly cited papers for the applicant institutions. These citation databases comprise of: i) Science Citation Index, Expanded (SCI-Expanded), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI),, Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science (CPCI-S), Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Social Sciences &, Humanities (CPCI-SSH), Book Citation Index– Science (BKCI-S), Book Citation Index– Social Sciences & Humanities, (BKCI-SSH), Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) and Current Chemical Reactions (CCR-EXPANDED) hosted on the, Web of Science platform; and ii) Scopus. These sources of publications and citations cover all disciplines, comprehensively., These databases were searched to determine the quantitative productivity of all eligible applicant institutions that, registered themselves for ranking. The search included number of research articles published and citations received, by them in a span of three calendar years, i.e. 2017, 2018 and 2019. A common time window was used to obtain this, data covering a short span of two weeks, i.e. between 25th March to 5th April, 2021, for all institutions to ensure, fairness., 6.3.2.1 Search Strategy for Retrieving Research Publications, Citations and Highly Cited Papers from WoS and, Scopus, All permutations, combinations, and changes in the names of institutions were used while searching for articles, published by faculty and researchers in the databases mentioned above. Since searches were conducted using names, of institutions, articles that did not have institutional affiliations of their faculty and researchers were not retrieved., Several universities host other research institutions within their physical premises. Care was taken to ensure that, credit for publications and citations are given to the concerned institutions. Manual checking of retrieved data was, done in cases i) where two institutions with same (or similar) names, ii) institutes that share the same physical, premise; and iii) multiple institutes having the same name in the same city., Some private universities have several constituent colleges and institutions (either in the same city or in different, cities) that are their integral part. Information was sought from the applicant institutes and universities about such, constituent entities. Publications and citations received by such constituent entities were credited to the applicant, institution after due verification., Many variations in the names of universities and institutions, their physical locations and their spellings were, discovered during the searches in the databases. The NIRF has taken every care to be accurate on this count. Moreover,, the data on highly cited papers were retrieved from Web of Science and data on Field-weighted Citation was obtained, from Scopus (Elsevier Science). Data on patents granted and published for each institution in the last three years was, retrieved from Derwent Innovation., 6.3.2.2 Restricting Retrieval of Articles to a Given Discipline, Searches for publications and citations were done in the two databases, namely Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), and Scopus (Elsevier), for applicant institutions without any subject-wise and discipline-wise restrictions for the, Overall ranking of institutions. However, subject/discipline-specific searches were made for all other discipline-wise, India Rankings 2021, , 6

Page 20 : rankings in the interest of uniformity and fairness. Care was taken to design the restriction to get the widest possible, coverage of sub-disciplines within each broad discipline., 6.3.2.3 Online Perception Capturing System, An online platform was developed to capture the perception inputs from peers and employers. A large number of, peers (subject experts) were invited to submit their perception feedback on applicant institutions in a prescribed, format., 6.4, , Online Feedback System, , Stakeholders (that included public or other individuals or entities having an interest in one or more institutions) were, invited to give their feedback through “Online Feedback System” from 15th to 22nd March 2021 on the data submitted, by the institutions, through a public advertisement in the newspapers and other media. The comments / feedback so, received were auto-transmitted through an email without disclosing the identity of the stakeholder to the concerned, institution(s) for taking necessary action at their end., 6.5, , Data Verification, , 6.5.1. Scouting for Outliers: Committees of Domain Experts, Committees consisting of academic experts examined the data submitted by institutions under each of the five broad, generic groups of parameters, for every category / discipline. These Committees examined the data on various, parameters minutely and identified outliers, aberrations, and anomalies for further scrutiny. Institutions whose data, seemed exaggerated or had anomalies were contacted telephonically and via e-mail to confirm or correct the data., Where it was felt necessary, they were asked to support their data with documentary evidence. Several e-mails were, sent, and telephonic calls were made to various institutions for verification of data on different parameters and subparameters., 6.5.2. Communication with Nodal Officers, Each institution was asked to nominate one of their senior functionaries as a nodal officer for dealing with NIRF, matters. These nodal officers were contacted to clear doubts or to attend to the feedback and anomalies pointed out by, the expert committees. For increased transparency, an advisory was sent to each institution to upload this data on, their own website for dissemination to the public. For all the top-ranked institutions, the latest version of the corrected, data based on further inputs from the institutions was made visible on the NIRF portal., While significant efforts were made to authenticate the data, the final responsibility for the accuracy of the submitted, data lies with the concerned institutions., 6.5.3. Verification of Data on Publications, Citations and Highly Cited Papers, The data on publications, citations and highly cited papers were shared with each applicant institution from 21st to, 28th June 2021. Institutions were informed that the data was captured between 25th March to 5th April, 2021 for all, institutions., , India Rankings 2021, , 7

Page 21 : 6.6, , Inclusions and Exclusions, , The NIRF website and NIRF guidelines provides basic qualifiers for an institution to participate in India Rankings, 2021 for Overall ranking as well as for domain-specific and category-specific ranking. For example, an institution, should have at least 1,000 students enrolled for various courses at undergraduate and post graduate level to, participate in Overall ranking. Institutions are also required to have graduated a minimum of three batches and, qualify for minimum Faculty Student Ratio (FSR) as mentioned in the NIRF Methodology document for respective, category and discipline., A new category, namely “Research Institutions” is being introduced for the first time to rank institutions that have, higher research output in terms of publications, citations, patents, research grants and spending on research. As such,, all applicant HEIs having published more than 500 research papers in peer reviews journals or at least 1,000 students, pursuing Ph.D, were considered for ranking in Research Institutions category., 7., , Visualizing Data Beyond Rankings: Additional Insights, , Data for India Rankings 2021 under category-specific and domain-specific ranking was taken from applicant, institutions under five broad generic parameters and 16 - 18 sub-parameters, depending upon a given category or a, subject domain. Moreover, data on publications, citations and patents was taken from Scopus (Elsevier Science), Web, of Science (Clarivate Analytics) and Derwent Innovation. Besides using this data for ranking of institutions, the, combined collection of data for all eligible institutions offers a unique opportunity for analysis and to get interesting, and useful insights. Some of the important observations based on a simple data analysis are given below. India, Rankings considers data for three years. As such data quoted here refer to three-year period, i.e. 2017 to 2019., 7.1 Teaching, Learning and Resources, Engineering education has witnessed a phenomenal growth in India in past two decades with thousands of, engineering institution, in private sector and well as in Government sector, coming-up in almost all parts of the, country. As such, discipline of engineering is selected for analysis of faculty data to get a bigger picture of higher, education institutions in India. The discipline is also undergoing a major challenge in terms of quality and, employability of its graduates., Fig. 3, 4, 5 and 6 below show interesting statistics regarding faculty, their qualifications and teaching experience for all, applicant institutions in engineering discipline. Only 39.31% engineering faculty have doctoral qualifications as, depicted in Table 4 and Fig. 3., , Faculty, , Number, , %, , Faculty with Ph.D., , 56300, , 39.31, , Faculty with Master’s, , 86911, , 60.69, , 143211, , 100, , Degree, Total Faculty, , Table 4 and Fig. 3: Faculty with Ph.D vs Faculty with Master’s Degree, India Rankings 2021, , 8

Page 22 : It was observed that faculty with doctoral qualification is concentrated in top 100/75 institutions, remaining, institutions have fewer faculty with doctoral degree. This is a serious handicap since mentorship received during the, doctoral training can play a vital role in preparing the faculty for a teaching career in higher education. Table 5 and Fig., 4 depict distribution of faculty with Ph.D. in top 100/75 institutions in various categories and subject domains as, compared to faculty with Ph.D. in remaining eligible institutions. It can be observed that faculty with Ph.D. in top, 100/75 institutions vary from minimum of 67.27% in case of pharmacy to the maximum of 89.66% in case of, management institutions. Whereas faculty with Ph.D. in remaining institutions vary from minimum of 29.43% in case, of engineering institutions to the maximum of 57.24% in case of universities. Moreover, average number of faculty in, top 100/75 institutions vary from minimum of 51.82 and 69.08 in case of Pharmacy and Management to the maximum, of 621.73 and 580.39 in case of University and Overall categories respectively as oppose to the minimum of 17.15 and, 28.25 in case of Management and Pharmacy to the maximum of 169.52 and 239.33 in case of Overall and University, respectively., Category, , Top 100/75 Institutes, Total, Faculty, , Faculty, with, Ph.D., , Overall (100), , 58039, , 43413, , University (100), , 62173, , Engineering (100), , Average, No. of, Faculty, , Total, Faculty, , Faculty, with, Ph.D., , 74.80, , 580.39, , 147485, , 65695, , 870, , 44.54, , 169.52, , 43862, , 70.55, , 621.73, , 50020, , 28630, , 209, , 57.24, , 239.33, , 31779, , 23511, , 73.98, , 317.79, , 111432, , 32789, , 976, , 29.43, , 114.17, , Management (75), , 3454, , 3097, , 89.66, , 69.08, , 9053, , 4367, , 528, , 48.24, , 17.15, , Pharmacy (75), , 2591, , 1743, , 67.27, , 51.82, , 7289, , 2214, , 258, , 30.37, , 28.25, , 17347, , 9877, , 56.94, , 173.47, , 71319, , 27704, , 1009, , 38.85, , 70.68, , College (100), , %, , Remaining Institutes, No. of, Remaining, Inst., , %, , Average, No. of, Faculty, , Table 5: Distribution of Faculty with Ph.D in Top 100/75 institutions as Compared to Faculty, with Ph.D in Remaining Eligible institutions in Various Categories and Subject Domains, , Fig. 4: Distribution of Faculty with Ph.D in Top 100 / 75 Institutions as Compared to Faculty with Ph.D in, Remaining Eligible Institutions in Various Categories and Subject Domains, India Rankings 2021, , 9

Page 23 : Table 6, Table 7 and Figs. 5 & 6 depict teaching experience of faculty in eligible institutions in engineering discipline., These Figures clearly support the common perception that many institutions are starved of senior and experienced, faculty. In other words, the burden of the teaching is largely in the hands of relatively inexperienced faculty, which puts, another serious question mark on its impact on the quality of education., , Experience in Years, , No. of Faculty, , Faculty with up to 8, , %, , 53307, , 37.22, , 46471, , 32.45, , 43433, , 30.33, , 143211, , 100, , Years of, Experience, Faculty with >8 to 15, Years of Experience, Faculty with >=15, Years of Experience, Total, , Table 6 and Fig. 5: Experience Profiles of Faculty in Eligible Institutions, , Faculty Experience, , No. of, , %, , Faculty, Institutions Having 50% of, , 316, , 29.37, , 70, , 6.51, , 98, , 9.11, , 592, , 55.02, , 1076, , 100, , Faculty with Experience up, to 8 years, Institutions Having 50%, Faculty with More Than, 15 Years of Experience, Institutions Having 50%, Faculty with Experience, between 8 to 15 Years, Institutions having Faculty, with good blend of, Experience, Total Eligible Institutes, , Table 7 and Fig. 6: Young vs Experienced Faculty, As shown in Table 7 and Fig. 6, 346 institutions (34.36%) qualify the AICTE-prescribed FSR of 20 students per faculty, whereas remaining 661 institutions are trying to achieve the acceptable norm., India Rankings 2021, , 10

Page 24 : As shown in Table 8 and Fig. 7, 373 institutions (34.67%) qualify the AICTE-prescribed FSR of 20 students per faculty, whereas remaining 703 institutions are trying to achieve the acceptable norm., , Faculty Range, , No. of, , %, , Institutions, 1 - 10, , 2, , 0.19, , 11 - 20, , 371, , 34.48, , 21- 30, , 548, , 50.93, , 31 - 40, , 123, , 11.43, , 41 - 50, , 32, , 2.97, , 1076, , 100, , Total, , Table 8 and Fig. 7: Faculty Student Ratio in Applicant Engineering Institutions, Table 9 and Fig. 8 provides data on Median Financial Resource Utilization (FRU) per student in various categories and, subject domains. The FRU is maximum (Rs. 96,592.00) in case of Management that has registered an increase of, 24.97% over the FRU of Rs. 81,603.00 in 2020., , Category /, Domain, , India, , %, , Rankings, , Increase, , 2019, , 2020, , 2021, , Amount in Rs., Overall, , 66689, , 66160, , 69484, , 4.19, , Engineering, , 67302, , 67823, , 68002, , 1.04, , Management, , 77294, , 81603, , 96592, , 24.97, , Pharmacy, , 65124, , 68102, , 68002, , 4.42, , 29252, , 29647, , 29611, , 1.23, , 305661 313335 331691, , 8.52, , Colleges, Total, , Table 9 and Fig.8: Median Financial Resource Utilization (FRU) per Student in, Various Categories and Subject Domains, 7.2, , Research and Professional Practice, , As mentioned earlier, NIRF has used third party sources to extract information on scholarly output (including research, publications, citations, and patents) by applicant institutions. For the brief analysis presented here, we have restricted, use of data from only one source, i.e., Web of Science, in the interest of simplicity. Data quoted here refer to the threeyear period, i.e. 2017 to 2019 considered for ranking for India Ranking 2021., , India Rankings 2021, , 11

Page 25 : 7.2.1. Comparing Research Publications of Top 100 Institutions vs Rest of the Eligible Institutions in Various, Domains / Categories, Table 10 and Fig. 9 summarises the total number of publications for various domains and categories of India Rankings, 2021. The Table provides a comparison of research publications of top 100 institutes with the rest of the eligible, institutions in the same domain / category. It is interesting to note from the first row that 67.96% of the research, publications come from the top 100 institutions in “Overall” category with the remaining 870 participating and eligible, institutions contributing only 32.04% of research publications. A similar conclusion can be drawn for all other, categories except for Colleges. The data seems to follow the famous Pareto’s principle, in the sense that most of the, research is being conducted within the top 100 institutions in every category. On the positive side, it appears that a, large number of general degree colleges are active in research and publications activities. However, there is a, significant overlap amongst various categories/disciplines since most of the institutions are applicant for ranking in, multiple categories / domains., No. of, Eligible, Inst., , Discipline /, Categories, , Total, Number, of, Publications, , Publications, of Top 100, Institutions, , Publications, of, Remaining, Institutions, , Top 100, Inst., , Remain-ing, Inst., , Average No. of, Publications /, Institute, , 970, , Overall, , 324169, , 220319, , 103850, , 67.96, , 32.04, , 334.19, , 309, , Universities, , 200074, , 149831, , 50243, , 74.89, , 25.11, , 647.49, , 1076, , Engineering, , 174463, , 119997, , 54466, , 68.78, , 31.22, , 162.14, , 603, , Management, , 3480, , 2946, , 534, , 84.66, , 15.34, , 5.77, , 333, , Pharmacy, , 5714, , 4564, , 1150, , 79.87, , 20.13, , 17.16, , (% of Pubs), , 192, , Research, , 297589, , 246068, , 51521, , 82.69, , 17.31, , 1549.94, , 1109, , Colleges, , 15713, , 6566, , 9147, , 41.79, , 58.21, , 14.17, , Table 10: Research Publications of Top 100 Institutions as Compared to the, Rest of the Eligible Institutions in Various Domains / Categories, , Fig. 9: Research Publications of Top 100 Institutions as Compared to the Rest of the, Eligible Institutions in Various Domains / Categories (in %), India Rankings 2021, , 12

Page 26 : Table 10 and Fig. 9 also conveys that the share of research publications in Management, Pharmacy and general degree, Colleges is at a much smaller scale in comparison to publications in Overall, Universities and Engineering discipline. In, fact, in the Management discipline, the average publications count is 5.77 (Column 8; Row 4) per institute in three, years, i.e. a little less than two publications per year. However, since the top 100 institutions in Management category, publish 84.66% of publications, the average count for the top 100 is, in fact, fairly good. As a further caution, it may be, noted that this data pertains to publications belonging to the Management discipline as categorized by the Web of, Science. Clearly, many of the best management schools also publish in allied areas such as Economics, Social Sciences,, Information Technology and Psychology – which may not belong to mainstream Management discipline, and therefore,, excluded from consideration here., 7.2.2. Bradford’s Empirical Law as Applied to Concentration of Publications in Most Productive Institutions, It is observed that the Bradford’s empirical law of concentration of journal articles in scientific periodicals is also, applicable to the research productivity of ranked HEIs. The Bradford’s Law states that articles in a given subject, concentrate heavily in a relatively small number of highly productive journals. As per the Bradford’s Law “if scientific, journals are arranged in order of decreasing productivity of articles in a given subject, they may be divided into a, nucleus of periodicals more particularly devoted to the subject, and several groups of zones containing the same, number of articles as the nucleus, when the number of periodicals in the nucleus and succeeding zones will be, as1:n:n2...” (Bradford, 1944), Categories /, Domains, , No. of Institutes/, Publications, , Overall, , HEIs, Publications, HEIs, Publications, HEIs, Publications, HEIs, Publications, HEIs, Publications, HEIs, Publications, HEIs, Publications, HEIs, Publications, HEIs, Publications, HEIs, Publications, HEIs, Publications, , Universities, Research, Institutions, Engineering, Management, Pharmacy, Architecture, Medical, Law, Dental, Colleges, , Most, Productive, , 13, 82872, 10, 51457, 10, 76894, 10, 42319, 6, 852, 8, 1359, 1, 20, 2, 11560, 2, 32, 7, 386, 25, 3918, , Medium, Productive, , 31, 80729, 22, 49143, 19, 75082, 27, 43314, 12, 902, 17, 1452, 2, 24, 7, 10893, 3, 37, 10, 327, 60, 4072, , Low, Productive, , 78, 80362, 55, 50557, 46, 74417, 80, 44173, 26, 856, 38, 1457, 4, 19, 17, 10919, 5, 33, 20, 387, 120, 3908, , Least, Productive, , 776, 80206, 222, 48917, 117, 71196, 898, 44657, 204, 870, 227, 1446, 11, 17, 66, 9629, 12, 24, 71, 431, 540, 3767, , "0", Publications, , 72, 0, , 61, 0, 355, 0, 43, 0, 51, 0, , 41, 0, 6, 0, 364, 0, , Total, , 970, 324169, 309, 200074, 192, 297589, 1076, 174463, 603, 3480, 333, 5714, 69, 80, 92, 43001, 63, 126, 114, 1531, 1109, 15665, , Table 11. Comparative Research Output of Institutions in Various Categories and Domains:, Least Productive to Most Productive Institutions, , __________________________, Bradford, S.C. (1944). Sources of information on specific subjects. Engineering, 137, 1944, 85-86., India Rankings 2021, , 13

Page 27 : By applying Bradford’s law to the research productivity of eligible institutions, institutions in various categories /, domains can be categorised into the four groups, namely Most Productive, Medium Productive, Low Productive and, Least Productive as shown below in Table 11., As shown in the Table 11 given above, top 13 HEIs in Overall category (row 1) are most productive that contributed, 82,872 articles followed by increasing number of HEIs in the remaining three categories contributing matching, number of articles (approximately). It may be noted that the Least Productive 776 HEIs in Overall category contributed, 80206 articles, i.e. equivalent to 13, 31 and 78 HEIs in the previous groups. Similar observations can be made in all, other categories and subject domains. Fig. 10 is pictorial representation of number of research publications in Overall, categories categorised in four groups, i.e. Most Productive, Medium Productive, Low Productive and Least Productive., , No. of Institutes, , Fig. 10: Comparative Research Output on Institutions in Overall Category: Least Productive to, Most Productive Institutions, , India Rankings 2021, , 14

Page 28 : 7.2.3. Comparing Highly Cited Publications (HCP) of Top 100 Institutions vs Rest of the Eligible Institutions in, Various Domains / Categories, Table 12 and Fig. 11 summarise total number of highly cited publications (HCP) for various categories and subject, domains of India Rankings 2021. Table 12 and Fig. 11 provide a comparison of HCP of top 100 institutions with the rest, of the eligible institutes in the same discipline / category. As in case of publications, 75.54% of the HCP come from the, top 100 engineering institutions with remaining 976 participating and eligible engineering institutions contributing, only 24.46% of HCP (row 3). Similar observations can be made in case of Overall category. However, in case of, Management and Pharmacy, 90.96% and 89.73% HCP is attributable to the first 100 institutions respectively., No. of Eligible, Inst., , Discipline /, Categories, , Total Number, of Highly Cited, Publications, , Highly Cited, Publications, of Top 100, Institutions, , Highly Cited, Publications, of Remaining, Institutions, , Top 100, Institutes, , Remaining, Institutes, , % of Citations, , 970, , Overall, , 60318, , 43925, , 16393, , 72.82, , 27.18, , 309, , Universities, , 36225, , 27888, , 8337, , 76.99, , 23.01, , 1076, , Engineering, , 28603, , 21608, , 6995, , 75.54, , 24.46, , 603, , Management, , 874, , 795, , 79, , 90.96, , 9.04, , 333, , Pharmacy, , 1052, , 944, , 108, , 89.73, , 10.27, , 192, , Research, , 54120, , 45854, , 8266, , 84.73, , 15.27, , Table 12: Highly Cited Publications of Top 100 Institutions as Compared to the Rest of the, Eligible Institutions in Various Disciplines / Categories, , Fig. 11: Highly Cited Publications of Top 100 Institutions as Compared to the Rest of the, Eligible Institutions in Various Disciplines / Categories, , India Rankings 2021, , 15

Page 29 : 7.2.4. Comparing Research Publications of India, the World and Eligible Institutions in Various Domains /, Categories, As a useful point of reference, Table 13 and Fig. 12 show the relative numbers of publications from India as compared to, that of the World and eligible institutions in the respective categories. The following facts are apparent:, i), , Indian share of the overall world publications is about 4.35%. In the Management discipline, the share falls to, about 3.93%., , ii), , 75.56% of the scholarly output from India comes from eligible institutions in Overall Category. In fact, it can be, safely concluded that this would be close to (if not equal to) the total scholarly output from the academic world, from India., , iii), , In Engineering discipline, India’s contribution to the World publications is 6.75% (higher by 2.40% than, Overall category), and 87.48% of publications in Engineering discipline comes from eligible institutions in, India Rankings., , iv), , In case of Pharmacy, India’s contribution to the World publications is 5.35% (higher by 1.00% than Overall, category). However, only 44.39% of publications in Pharmacy comes from eligible institutions in India, Rankings which indicate towards existence of a sizable pharmaceutical industry in the country that is active in, research as well as in publication of their research output in peer reviewed journals., Discipline / Category, , Overall (All), Engineering, Management, Pharmacy, , No. of Research Publications, World, , India, , Eligible, , (1), , (2), , Institutions, , 9853936, 2952507, 129923, 240391, , 429025, , 324169, , 4.35% of (1), , 75.56% of (2), , 199431, , 174463, , 6.75% of (1), , 87.48% of (2), , 5109, , 3480, , 3.93% of (1), , 68.12% of (2), , 12871, , 5714, , 5.35% of (1), , 44.39% of (2), , Table 13: Research Publications of Eligible Institutions in Comparison to, Total Research Publications of the World and India, , India Rankings 2021, , 16

Page 30 : Fig. 12: Research Publications of Eligible Institutions in Comparison to Total Research, Publications of the World and India (On a Logarithmic Scale), Fig. 13 compares number of research publications in world, India and Eligible Institutions for the years applicable for, India Rankings 2020 and 2021. The total number of publications in the World registered an increase of 3.68% and, 5.24% in the years corresponding to India Rankings 2020 and India Rankings 2021 respectively. In comparison,, number of research publications of India for the corresponding period registered an increase of 5.51% and 5.94%, respectively in Overall category., , Fig. 13: Comparative Research Publications of World, India and Eligible Institutions in Overall Category, , India Rankings 2021, , 17

Page 31 : 7.2.5. India’s Total Publications Vs Publications of Eligible Institutions in Engineering, Table 14 and Fig. 14 indicate that a major part of the productive engineering institutes are part of the India Rankings, 2021 that accounts for 87.48% of total publications. This demonstrates the high-quality participation and aspiration of, quality institutions for the NIRF ranks, which is very gratifying. It seems from this Figure, though, that a significant part, of research fraternity (12.52%) may be unrepresented. This conclusion, however, is likely to be faulty, since there are a, good number of Research Labs, belonging to the CSIR System, the DAE system, ISRO and private research labs who also, publish significantly in Engineering, and do not form part of the mainstream academic system in India., , Institutions, , India, Eligible Institutions, Other Institutions, , No. of, Publications, in Engineering, , %, Share, , 199431, , 100.00, , 174463, , 87.48, , 24968, , 12.52, , Table 14 and Fig. 14: % Share in India’s Total Publications Vs Publications, of Eligible Institutions in Engineering, It can also be observed from Fig. 15 that total research publications of eligible institutions for the years applicable for, India Rankings 2020 and 2021 constitute 70.60% and 75.56% of total India’s research publications respectively in the, Overall Category., , Fig. 15: Total Publications of India: Eligible Institutions and Other Institutions in the Overall Category, , India Rankings 2021, , 18

Page 32 : Fig. 16 presents similar comparison for the Engineering category for the years applicable for India Rankings 2020 and, 2021. Number of publications from entire India increased by 9.44% for years corresponding to India Rankings 2021, over publications corresponding to India Rankings 2020. In corresponding period, number of research publications of, eligible institutions increased by 14.75% whereas for other institutions registered a decrease of 17.26% during the, same period. Decrease in contributions from non-applicant institutions is an indirect indication of greater, participation of eligible institutions in the ranking exercise. This trend may continue in coming years as new domains /, categories are added to the India Rankings. On other hand, increase in publications from India as well as from eligible, institutions can also be attributed to increased emphasis on publications in quality journals., , Fig. 16: Comparative Research Publications of India, Eligible Institutions and Other Institutions, in Engineering for India Rankings 2020 and 2021, It can also be observed from Fig. 17 that total research publications of eligible institutions for the years applicable for, India Rankings 2020 and India Rankings 2021 constitute 83.44% and 87.48% of total India’s research publications in, the field of Engineering., , India Rankings 2021, , 19

Page 33 : Fig. 17: Total Publications of India: Eligible Institutions and Other Institutions in Engineering, It may also be noted that a significant number of eligible institutions have no publications at all as revealed in Table 15., It is noteworthy that 335 management institutions (out of 609 eligible applicant institutions) and 364 colleges (out of, 1109 eligible applicant colleges) have “0” publication. This is not surprising since many of these see their primary role, in undergraduate education (colleges) and to a lesser extent, the focus is on “case studies” rather than on research, publications in case of management institutions., No. of, Applicant Inst., , Discipline /, , No. of, , %, , Category, , Institutions, having “0”, Publications, , 970, , Overall, , 72, , 7.42, , 1076, , Engineering, , 61, , 5.67, , 609, , Management, , 335, , 55.01, , 333, , Pharmacy, , 43, , 12.91, , 364, , 32.82, , 1109, , Colleges, , Table 15: Number and % of Eligible Institutions having “0” Publications, , India Rankings 2021, , 20

Page 34 : 7.2.7. Publications Share from top 100 Highly Productive Engineering Institutions, Furthermore, a deeper look at one of the larger disciplines, viz., Engineering shows that percentage share of, publications of different types of institutions amongst the top 100 ranked institutions in terms of research articles, published in this domain reveals that IITs take the lion’s share with nearly 35.79% of the Engineering publications to, their credit followed by 22.10% by deemed-to-be-universities and 18.82% by NITs as shown in Table 16 and Fig. 18., There is, at the same time, a good sprinkling in all categories of participating institutes. This clearly augurs well for the, research productivity in the engineering domain., Institute Category, , No. of Publications, , %, , Central University, , 2420, , 2.02, , College, , 6952, , 5.79, , Deemed University, , 26523, , 22.10, , IITs, , 42942, , 35.79, , NITs, , 22585, , 18.82, , Other CFTIs, , 2510, , 2.09, , Private University, , 1971, , 1.64, , State Private University, , 3862, , 3.22, , State Public University, , 10232, , 8.53, , 119997, , 100, , Total, , Table 16 and Fig. 18: Share of Publications from top 100 Highly Productive Engineering Institutions, Fig. 19 plots median sponsored research funding availed by the NIRF participants in three categories, i.e. Overall,, Engineering and Pharmacy for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021. While decrease in funding was observed in all the three, categories in India Rankings 2020 in comparison to India Rankings 2019. However, as per the data available from, eligible institutions for India Rankings 2021, the amount of median sponsored research has registered an increase of, 6.96% and 39.29% in case of Overall and Engineering category respectively from 2019 to 2021. In contrast, decrease of, 28.37% is registered from 2019 to 2021 in case of Pharmacy., , Fig. 19. Comparison of Sponsored Research Funding: India Rankings 2019, 2020 and 2021, India Rankings 2021, , 21

Page 35 : 7.3., , Graduation Outcome, , Table 17 and Fig. 20 provide number of full-time Ph.D. students who graduated from 1076 eligible engineering, institutions in the academic year 2019-20. It can be observed that percentage of increase in Ph.D. awarded was, 11.42% and 12.07% in the academic years 2018-19 and 2019-20 respectively., , Academic Year, , No. of Full-time, , %, , Ph.D. Students, , Increase, , Graduated, 2017-18, , 4967, , 2018-19, , 5534, , 11.42, , 2019-20, , 6202, , 12.07, , Total, , 16703, , Table 17 and Fig. 20: Increase in Number of Ph.D Graduated during Academic, Years 2017-2018, 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 in Engineering, Table 18 and Fig. 21 provide average salary of engineering graduates during Financial Years 2017-18, 2018-19 and, 2019-20. Increase of 8.81% and 9.92% in median salary can be observed in the Financial Years 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively., , Academic Year, , Average Salary of, , % of, , Placed Students, , Increase, , Amount in Rupees, , 319789, , 2017-18, (IR 2019), 2018-19, , 347972, , 8.81, , 382476, , 9.92, , (IR 2020), 2019-20, (IR 2021), , Table 18 and Fig. 21: Average Salary of Students in Engineering Institutions in, Academic Years 2017-18 to 2019-20, 7.4., , Outreach and Inclusivity, , Table 19 and Fig. 22 reveal regional diversity in enrolment in eligible engineering institutions. It may be noted that, while 78.38% of students were enrolled from within the state, 20.84% of students came from other states and less that, 1% students were from outside the country. 19,722 students (0.79%) from outside the country were studying in 330, institutions., India Rankings 2021, , 22

Page 36 : Academic Year, , No. of Students, , 19-20, , (all programs), , %, , Within State, , 1934462, , 78.38, , Outside State, , 514302, , 20.84, , 19389, , 0.79, , Outside Country, Total No. of Students, , 79%, , 20%, , 2468153, , Table 19 and Fig. 22: Regional Diversity: No. and Percentage of Students from Outside State and Country in, Engineering (All Programs) during Academic Year 2019 - 20, Table 20 and Fig. 23 provide data on gender diversity among students enrolled in different programs in engineering, discipline during the academic year 2019 - 2020. Of total 24,68,153 students enrolled in different engineering, programs, 17,16,252 (69.54%) were male and 7,51,901 (30.46%) were females., , Gender, , No. of Students, , Male, Female, Total, , %, , 1716252, , 69.54, , 751901, , 30.46, , 2468153, , Table 20 and Fig. 23: Gender Diversity amongst Students: Male vs Female Enrolment in, Engineering in Academic Year 2019 – 20, Table 21 and Fig. 24 plot data on gender diversity among faculty in engineering institutions. Of total 1,43,211 faculty,, 94,875 (66.25%) were males and 48,336 (33.75%) were females., , Gender, , Number of Faculty, , %, , of Faculty, Male, , 94875, , 66.25, , Female, , 48336, , 33.75, , Total No. of Faculty, , 143211, , Table 21 and Fig. 24: Gender Diversity amongst Faculty: Male vs Female Faculty in, Engineering in Academic Year 2019 – 20, India Rankings 2021, , 23

Page 37 : 7.5., , Perception, , Fig. 25 and 26 depict the vote shares of peer and employer’s perception for various categories of Institutions. It is, interesting to note that maximum vote is picked up by the Overall, Engineering and College categories. On the other, extreme, all other remaining subject categories, i.e. Law, Medical and Architecture continued with the trend of weak, response from the peers. The subject category of Dental, ranked for the second time drew => 1% interest amongst peers, and employers. This might be an indication towards requirement for expansion of database of Peers and Employers in, these fields., , Fig. 25 and Fig. 26: Peer and Employer’s Perception, 7.6. Rank Order Correlations Across Parameters, Table 22 given below provides value of Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient between ranks of institutions, based on its total score with that of its rank based on research performance in various categories and subject domains., As mentioned before, data for research performance is taken from third-party independent sources, namely Web of, Science. Fig 27 to Fig. 32 depict the mean of the scatter plots of corresponding scores along the two axes for various, categories and subject domains. A strong and positive correlation can be noticed for each discipline except for colleges., The strong correlation between ranking by research performance based on data from third-party independent sources, and overall ranking vouch for authenticity of data collected from institutions., Category / Subject Domain, Overall, University, Engineering, Management, Pharmacy, College, , Spearman Rank, , Coefficient of, , Correlation Coefficient (r), 0.84, 0.79, 0.89, 0.80, 0.85, 0.50, , Determination (R2), 0.70, 0.63, 0.79, 0.64, 0.72, 0.25, , Table 22: Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient (r) for Various Categories and Subject Domains, , India Rankings 2021, , 24

Page 38 : Fig. 27 to Fig. 32: Correlation between Ranks by Research Performance and All Other Parameters for, Different Categories and Subject Domains, India Rankings 2021, , 25

Page 39 : 7.7., , Regional Outlook, , Fig. 33 depicts that there is a good regional balance of institutes, although this picture can change with redefinition of, the regions. The maximum participation comes from Southern part of India that hosts larger number of institutions of, higher education., , Fig. 33: Region-wise Distribution of Ranked Institutions in Overall Category, 8., , Six Years of India Rankings and its Impact on Performance Parameters of Educational Institutions, , India Rankings is an annual exercise that ranks institutions of higher education in various categories and subject, domains using National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF). The maiden edition of India Rankings was released, in April 2016 soon after unveiling of NIRF in September 2015. Subsequently, India Rankings was released in the month, of April in the years 2017, 2018 and 2019. The fifth edition of India Rankings was released virtually on 11th June 2020., The sixth and the latest edition of India Rankings is being released virtually on 9th September 2021., Parameters identified under NIRF were used for ranking of all the sixth editions of India Rankings from 2016 to 2021., However, some of the sub-parameters had to be dropped due to serious lack of reliability and consistency of data from, applicant institutions and a few new parameters were added for domain-specific as well as for category-specific, ranking of institutions. These major changes were introduced from 2017 onwards. As such, most of the analysis is done, on five year’s data taken from India Rankings 2017 to India Rankings 2021., An analysis of data on five years of India Rankings provides an interesting insight into impact of India Rankings on, performance parameters of institutions of higher education. It is indeed evident that these institutions are making, strenuous effort to improve their performance on various parameters or sub-parameters identified under NIRF with, an aim to improve their ranking. Some of the noteworthy observations based on analysis of six years of data on various, ranking parameters, are reported here., 8.1., , Participation, , India Rankings (NIRF) has attracted participation of institutions of higher education from across India in all categories, and subject domains. It is evident that the number of participating institutions has increased every year in almost all, , India Rankings 2021, , 26

Page 40 : categories and subject domains as shown in Table 23. While number of unique institutions have registered an increase, of 66.12% from 2,426 in 2016 to 4,030 in 2021, the maximum increase of 236.82% has been in the College category, with increase from 233 colleges in 2016 to 1802 colleges in 2021 as shown in Table 23., , Year, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, , Unique, Institutes, 2426, 2411, 2809, 3127, 3771, 4030, , Overall, 724, 957, 1479, 1667, 1657, , Univer-sity, 233, 278, 321, 296, 335, 362, , Engg., 1438, 919, 906, 970, 1071, 1143, , Management, 609, 542, 487, 555, 630, 659, , Pharmacy, 454, 316, 286, 301, 334, 351, , Architecture, 28, 42, 59, 65, 48, 78, , College Medical, 803, 535, 43, 1087, 101, 1304, 113, 1659, 118, 1802, 111, , Law, 49, 71, 80, 97, 120, , Table 23: Participation Numbers for Various Categories and Subject Domains from, India Rankings 2016 to India Rankings 2021, Table 24 and Fig. 34 provide regional distribution of eligible institutions. The number of eligible institutions from, southern region is obviously the largest (46.21% in 2021) in all the 5 years of “India Ranking” i.e. for 2016 to 2021, followed by institution in Western region and Northern region. Institutions in eastern region account for minimum, number of applicants (10.43% in 2021) in “India Rankings”. However, institutions in Eastern region have registered the, maximum growth in terms of number of institutions which grew from 212 in 2016 to 654 in 2021 with growth of, 208.49%, followed by Institutions in Western region with growth of 169.91% over a period of six years., It may also be noted that the largest number of institutions are located in southern region of India followed by, institutions in western region and northern region with eastern region hosting the least number of institutions as per, statistics maintained by the AICTE, AISHE and UGC., Year, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, % (2021), % Increase, (from 2016, to 2021), , East, West North South Total, 212, 658, 618 1246 2734, 348, 834, 591 1546 3319, 359, 891, 627 2077 3954, 358 1336, 677 2496 4867, 609 1694, 796 2706 5805, 654 1776, 944 2898 6272, 10.43 28.32 15.05 46.21 100.00, 208.49 169.91 52.75 132.58, , Table 24: Regional Distribution of Applicant Institutions from India Rankings 2016 to India Rankings 2021, , India Rankings 2021, , 27

Page 41 : Fig. 34: Regional Distribution of Participating Institutions from 2016 – 2021, 8.2., , Teaching Learning and Resources, , Qualifications and experience of faculty is identified as one of the important performance parameters under Teaching,, Learning and Resources under NIRF. Table 25 to 27 and Fig. 35 to 37 provide an interesting insight into improvement in, qualifications and teaching experience of faculty hired in Engineering institutions over a period of 5 years i.e. from, 2017 to 2021. Table 25 and Fig. 35 depict that while faculty with Ph.D. has grown from 27.90% in 2017 to 39.31% in, 2021, faculty with Master’s degree registered gradual decline from 72.10% in 2017 to 60.69% in 2021., Faculty, , Faculty with Ph.D., Faculty with, Masters' Degree, Total Faculty, , 2017, (2015-2016), No. of, %, Faculty, 32309, 27.90, 83477, 72.10, , India Rankings Year (Academic Year), 2018, 2019, 2020, (2016-2017), (2017-2018), (2018-2019), No. of, %, No. of, %, No. of, %, Faculty, Faculty, Faculty, 34967 30.89, 41690, 32.91 48551 36.12, 78247 69.11, 84981, 67.09 85879 63.88, , 2021, (2019-2020), No. of, %, Faculty, 56300, 39.31, 86911, 60.69, , 115786, , 113214, , 143211, , 100, , 100, , 126671, , 100, , 134430, , 100, , 100, , Table 25: Qualifications of Faculty in Engineering Institutions from 2017 to 2021, , Fig. 35: Qualifications of Faculty in Engineering Institutions from 2017 to 2021, India Rankings 2021, , 28

Page 42 : Table 26, Table 27, Fig. 36 and Fig. 37 depict fluctuations in experience of faculty over a period of five years, i.e. 2017 to, 2021 in engineering institutions. Table 26 and Fig. 36 depict that while faculty with upto 8 years of experience has, decreased from 54.15% in 2015-16 to 37.22% in 2019-20, faculty with 8-15 years of experience and >15 years of, experience have increased from 24.57% and 21.27% in 2015-16 to 32.45% and 30.33% in 2019-2020 respectively., Experience in, No. of Years, , 2017, (2015-2016), No. of, %, Faculty, 62699, 54.15, , Faculty upto 8, Years of Experience, Faculty with 8- 15, 28454, Years of Experience, Faculty with >15, 24633, Years of Experience, Total, 115786, , India Rankings Year (Academic Year), 2018, 2019, 2020, (2016-2017), (2017-2018), (2018-2019), No. of, %, No. of, %, No. of, %, Faculty, Faculty, Faculty, 55866 49.35, 58199 45.95 55474 41.27, , 2021, (2019-2020), No. of, %, Faculty, 53307, 37.22, , 24.57, , 30609, , 27.04, , 36488, , 28.81, , 41561, , 30.92, , 46471, , 32.45, , 21.27, , 26739, , 23.62, , 31984, , 25.25, , 37395, , 27.82, , 43433, , 30.33, , 100, , 113214, , 100, , 126671, , 100, , 134430, , 100, , 143211, , 100, , Table 26: Experience of Faculty in Engineering Institutions from 2017 to 2021, , Fig. 36: Experience of Faculty in Engineering Institutions from 2017 to 2021, Table 27 and Fig. 37 below depict those institutions having 50% of young faculty have decreased from 63.99% in 20152016 to 29.37% in 2019-2020 whereas institutions having 50% faculty with experience of 8 to 15 years or having a, good blend of experience have increased from 3.80% and 25.55% in 2015-2016 to 9.11% and 55.02% in 2019-2020, respectively. However, institutions having 50% faculty with more than 15 years of experience have remained almost, static over a period of five year. This indicates that while younger faculty have gained experience over the years, most, engineering institutions still lack experienced faculty., , India Rankings 2021, , 29

Page 43 : Institutions and Experience, of their Faculty, , 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, (2015-2016) (2016-2017) (2017-2018) (2018-2019), No. of, % No. of, %, No. of, % No. of, %, Faculty, Faculty, Faculty, Faculty, Institutions Having 50% of Faculty, 606 63.99, 484 56.28, 428 47.50, 380 37.74, with Experience upto 8 Years, Institutions having 50% Faculty, 63 6.65, 54, 6.28, 67 7.44, 82, 8.14, with Experience of more 15 Years, Institutions having 50% Faculty, 36 3.80, 34, 3.95, 32 3.55, 50, 4.97, with Experience of 8 to 15 Years, Institutions having Faculty with, 242 25.55, 288 33.49, 374 41.51, 495 49.16, Good Blend of Experience, Total, 947 100, 860, 100, 901 100, 1007, 100, , 2021, (2019-2020), No. of, %, Faculty, 316 29.37, 70, , 6.51, , 98, , 9.11, , 592 55.02, 1076, , 100, , Table 27: Young vs Experienced Faculty in Engineering Institutions from 2017 to 2021, , Fig. 37: Young vs Experienced Faculty in Engineering Institutions from 2017 to 2021, A close examination of faculty-student ratio (FSR) across eligible institutions in engineering category from 2017 to, 2021 reveals that faculty-student ratio has improved over past five years, i.e. from 2017 to 2021. As shown in Table 28, and Fig. 38, while only 1 to 3 institutions qualified for FSR of 1 to 10 between 2017 and 2021, number of institutions, who qualify for FSR in three ranges, i.e. 11 to 20, 21 to 30 and 31 to 40 registered an increase of 10.75%, 53.50% and, 16.04% respectively. At the same time, FSR of 41 to 50, decreased by 42.86%, i.e. from 56 in 2017 to 32 institutions in, 2021. Increase in FSR between 11 to 40 reveals that a large number of institutions are trying for a better and acceptable, FSR, possibly both for improving their ranking as well as for accreditation and approval (by AICTE). Decreased FSR may, have also resulted because of persistent decline in number of students getting enrolled in engineering institutions., India Rankings 2021, , 30

Page 44 : Faculty Student, Ratio, , 2017, (2015-2016), , 2018, (2016-2017), , 2019, (2017-2018), , 2020, 2021, % Increase, (2018-2019) (2019-2020) from 2017, to 2021, , 1 to 10, 11 to 20, , 3, 335, , 2, 274, , 3, 341, , 1, 346, , 2, 371, , -33.33, 10.75, , 21 to 30, , 357, , 395, , 419, , 515, , 548, , 53.50, , 31 to 40, , 106, , 102, , 112, , 111, , 123, , 16.04, , 41 to 50, , 56, , 31, , 27, , 34, , 32, , -42.86, , Table 28: Faculty Student Ratio in Eligible Engineering Institutions, , Fig. 38: Faculty Student Ratio in Eligible Engineering Institutions from 2017 to 2021, Table 29 and Fig. 39 provide data on median financial resources and their utilization (FRU) including annual capital, expenditure and average operational expenditure per student for India Rankings 2017 to India Rankings 2021 in, different categories and disciplines. FRU has increased, although marginally, in all categories. The maximum median, FRU is Rs. 96,592 in management with 18.37% increase in FRU from 2020 to 2021., , India Rankings 2021, , 31

Page 45 : India Rankings, Median FRU, , 2017, , 2018, , 2019, , % Increase, 2020, , 2021, , (2020 to 21), , Amount in Rupees, Overall, , 63568, , 65098, , 66689, , 66160, , 69484, , 5.02, , Engineering, , 48540, , 61007, , 67302, , 67823, , 68002, , 0.26, , Management, , 47522, , 67156, , 77294, , 81603, , 96592, , 18.37, , Pharmacy, , 45851, , 56894, , 65124, , 68102, , 68002, , -0.15, , Colleges, , 16929, , 27381, , 29252, , 29647, , 29611, , -0.12, , Table 29: Median FRU for Different Categories and Disciplines from 2017 to 2021, , Fig. 39: Median FRU for Different Categories and Subject Domains from 2017 to 2021, , 8.3., , Research and Professional Practice, , As mentioned earlier, Web of Science and Scopus were used to fetch data on publications, citations and highly cited, publications (HCP). For analysis presented here, data from Web of Science is used in the interest of simplicity. Data, quoted here refer to three-year period for each ranking exercise The data considered for publications, citations and, other academic activities are for the years as mentioned in Table 30 given below:, , India Rankings 2021, , 32

Page 46 : India Rankings, Year, , Publications / Citations Faculty / Student and FacultyConsidered for, Student Ratio Considered, Calendar Years, for Academic Years, India Rankings 2016, 2012, 2013 and 2014, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14, India Rankings 2017, , 2013, 2014 and 2015, , 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, , India Rankings 2018, , 2014, 2015 and 2016, , 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16, , India Rankings 2019, , 2015, 2016 and 2017, , 2014-15, 2015-16; 2016-17, , India Rankings 2020, , 2016, 2017 and 2018, , 2015-16; 2016-17; 2017-18, , India Rankings 2021, , 2017, 2018 and 2019, , 2016-17; 2017-18; 2018-19, , Table 30: India Rankings Years: Publications, Citations and Academic Activities Data Considered, Table 31 and Fig. 40 reveal linear and consistent increase in cumulative number of publications of top 100 ranked, institutions across selected categories and subject domains over a period of five years, i.e. from 2017 to 2021. The, increase is publications ranges from minimum of 59.09% in case of Universities to the maximum of 320.26% in case of, Management, followed by 174.15% in case of Colleges. It may, however, be noted that three years publications are, considered for every year’s ranking exercise as mentioned in Table 30., , Category /, , Number of Publications in Top 100 Ranked, , % Increase, , Subject Domains, , Institutions, , 2017 to 2021, , 2017, Overall, , 2018, , 2019, , 2020, , 2021, , 119360 154757 179727, , 200756, , 220319, , 84.58, , Universities, , 94182 117373 126188, , 139041, , 149831, , 59.09, , Engineering, , 65027, , 79729, , 91280, , 105704, , 119997, , 84.53, , 701, , 1339, , 1998, , 2358, , 2946, , 320.26, , Pharmacy, , 2795, , 3261, , 3888, , 4113, , 4564, , 63.29, , Colleges, , 2395, , 4428, , 5451, , 5852, , 6566, , 174.15, , Management, , Table 31: Increase in Number of Publications of Top 100 Ranked Institutions from, India Rankings 2017 to India Rankings 2021 in Various Categories and Subject Domains, , India Rankings 2021, , 33

Page 47 : Fig. 40: Increase in Number of Publications of Top 100 Ranked Institutions from India Rankings 2017 to, India Rankings 2021 in Selected Categories and Subject Domains, Table 32 and Fig. 41 reveal exponential increase in cumulative number of citations of top 100 ranked institutions across, selected categories and subject domains over a period of five years, i.e. from 2017 to 2021. The increase is citations, ranges from minimum of 191.56% in case of universities to the maximum of 677.24 % in case of management., , Category /, , Number of Citations in Top 100 Ranked, , % Increase, , Subject Domains, , Institutions, , 2017 to 2021, , 2017, , 2018, , 2019, , 2020, , 2021, , Overall, , 477016 679154 863144, , 1178063, , 1575071, , 230.19, , Universities, , 358322 460241 574059, , 740390, , 1044723, , 191.56, , Engineering, , 181099 244538 323819, , 439922, , 665656, , 267.56, , Management, Pharmacy, Colleges, , 2314, , 4864, , 7443, , 10051, , 17754, , 667.24, , 11096, , 15595, , 19225, , 24119, , 34969, , 215.15, , 6423, , 16546, , 22962, , 29097, , 40715, , 533.89, , Table 32: Increase in Number of Citations of Top 100 Ranked Institutions from India Rankings 2017 to, India Rankings 2021 in Various Categories and Subject Domains, , India Rankings 2021, , 34

Page 48 : Fig. 41: Increase in Number of Citations of Top 100 Ranked Institutions from India Rankings 2017 to, India Rankings 2021 in Selected Categories and Subject Domains, Table 33 and Fig. 42 provide ratio of publications of top 100 institutions viz.-a-viz. rest of the eligible institutions in the, same domain / category for India Rankings from 2017 to 2021. It is interesting to note that while in 2016 (first year of, India Rankings) 91.56% and 94.50% of publications came from first 100 universities and engineering institutions,, remaining 8.44% and 5.50% publications came from remaining universities and engineering institutions respectively., However, Pareto’s principle and proportion prescribed by it is not maintained in subsequent years,. However, Pareto’s, principle and proportion prescribed by it is not maintained in subsequent years, since publications of first 100, institutions have decreased and remaining institutions have increased in every subsequent year across all categories, and subject domains. This trend indicates that a good number of remaining institutions have started publishing more, and more research articles to fair better in the subsequent ranking exercise. It may, however, be noted that remaining, institutions include all additional institutions that may not have applied for ranking in previous years., , India Rankings 2021, , 35

Page 49 : Discipline /, Category, , 2016, % of, Pubs. in, <= 100, Inst., , Overall, , 2017, , % of, Pubs. in, Remain, -ing Inst., , 2018, , % of, % of, % of, Pubs. in Pubs. in Pubs. in, <= 100, Remain <= 100, Inst., -ing Inst. Inst., , 2019, , % of, Pubs. in, Remain, -ing Inst., , % of, Pubs. in, <= 100, Inst., , 2020, , % of, Pubs. in, Remain, -ing Inst., , % of, Pubs. in, <= 100, Inst., , 2021, , % of, Pubs. in, Remain, -ing Inst., , % of, Pubs. in, <= 100, Inst., , % of, Pubs. in, Remaining Inst., , -, , -, , 66.80, , 33.20, , 68.91, , 31.09, , 67.84, , 32.16, , 70.21, , 29.79, , 67.96, , 32.04, , Universities, , 91.56, , 8.44, , 89.96, , 10.04, , 76.36, , 23.64, , 69.63, , 30.37, , 77.88, , 22.12, , 74.89, , 25.11, , Engineering, , 31.22, , 94.50, , 5.50, , 78.81, , 21.19, , 70.65, , 29.35, , 68.13, , 31.87, , 69.52, , 30.48, , 68.78, , Management, , -, , -, , 100, , 0, , 92.34, , 7.66, , 91.44, , 8.56, , 89.15, , 10.85, , 84.66, , 15.34, , Pharmacy, , -, , -, , 91.76, , 8.24, , 82.62, , 17.38, , 81.46, , 18.54, , 79.36, , 20.64, , 79.87, , 20.13, , Colleges, , -, , -, , 92.97, , 7.03, , 55.44, , 44.56, , 45.56, , 54.44, , 43.14, , 56.86, , 41.79, , 58.21, , Table 33: Research Publications of Top 100 Institutions in Comparison to the Rest of the, Eligible Institutions in Various Categories and Subject Domains from 2016 – 2021, , Fig. 42: Research Publications of Top 100 Institutions in Comparison to the Rest of the, Eligible Institutions in Various Categories and Subject Domains from 2016 – 2021, Table 34 provides ratio of highly cited publications of top 100 institutes viz.-a-viz. rest of the eligible institutions in the, same category or subject domain for India Rankings from 2017 to 2021. As in case of publications, first 100 universities, and engineering institutions account for 93.44% and 85.36% of the HCP and remaining universities and engineering, institutions accounts for 6.56% and 14.64% of HCP respectively in India Rankings 2017. In case of Management and, Pharmacy, first 100 institutions account for 100% HCP whereas contributions of remaining institutions is “0” in India, Rankings 2017. However, as in case of publications, this proportion is not maintained in subsequent years, as HCP of, first 100 institutions has decreased whereas remaining institutions have registered increase in HCP in every, subsequent year across all categories and subject domains. This trend indicates that a good number of remaining, institutions are not only publishing their research works but also attracting their share of citations., India Rankings 2021, , 36

Page 50 : Categories / Domains, , India Rankings, 2017, , 2018, , 2019, , 2020, , 2021, , Overall (Top 100), , 73.63, , 73.27, , 67.84, , 76.45, , 72.82, , Overall, , 26.37, , 26.73, , 32.16, , 23.55, , 27.18, , Universities (<100), , 93.44, , 78.42, , 70.58, , 80.00, , 76.99, , 6.56, , 21.58, , 29.42, , 20.00, , 23.01, , Engineering (<100), , 85.36, , 78.03, , 79.74, , 78.72, , 75.54, , Engineering, , 14.64, , 21.97, , 20.26, , 21.28, , 24.46, , 100.00, , 94.65, , 94.60, , 92.64, , 90.96, , 0.00, , 5.35, , 5.40, , 7.36, , 9.04, , 100.00, , 90.44, , 90.65, , 91.75, , 89.73, , 0.00, , 9.56, , 9.35, , 8.25, , 10.27, , Universities, , Management (<100), Management, Pharmacy (<100), Pharmacy, , Table 34. Highly-cited Publication of top 100 Institutions in Comparison to the, Rest of the Eligible Institutions in various Domains / Categories, Table 35 and Fig. 43 show numbers of publications from India as compared to that of all eligible institutions in their, respective categories / subject domains. It can be seen that % of publications by eligible institutions has increased in, linear proportion every year from 2017 to 2021. This essentially indicates the followings:, i) Eligible institutions have intensified their research publications activity so as to secure better rank in, subsequent years;, ii) Eligible institutions are increasingly publishing in good-quality journals that are indexed in Web of Science or, Scopus; and, iii) More and more institutions are now participating in India Rankings., Categories /, Subject Domains, India, , 2017, % by, NIRF*, , India Rankings Year, 2018, 2019, India, % by, India % by, NIRF*, NIRF*, , 2020, India % by, NIRF*, , 2021, India, % by, NIRF*, , Overall, , 263125, , 67.91, , 336978, , 66.64, , 383803, , 69.03 404953, , 70.60 429025, , 75.56, , Engineering, , 121615, , 67.84, , 151884, , 74.30, , 171074, , 78.32 182221, , 83.44 199431, , 87.48, , Management, , 1704, , 41.14, , 2701, , 53.68, , 3681, , 59.36, , 4042, , 65.44, , 5109, , 68.12, , Pharmacy, , 8593, , 35.45, , 10766, , 36.66, , 11991, , 39.80, , 12379, , 41.87, , 12871, , 44.39, , *% of Publications by Eligible Institutions, Table 35: Research Publications of Eligible Institutions in, Comparison to Total Research Publications of India, , India Rankings 2021, , 37

Page 51 : Fig. 43: Increase in Research Publications of Eligible Institutions in Comparison to, Total Research Publications of India from 2017 to 2021, It has been reported in the previous editions of India Rankings that a significant number of eligible institutions did not, have any publication. Table 36, however, reveals that percentage of institutions having “0” publications are decreasing, gradually every year with a few exceptions. It can be observed that a sizable percentage of colleges (last row) do not, have any publications which can be linked to their primary role of imparting education at undergraduate level. It is, indeed intriguing that a sizable number of management institutions (ranging from 55.01% in 2021 to 84.04% in 2017), have “0” publication possible because their focus is on “case studies” rather than on research publications., Year, , 2016, , (No. of Inst. in 2021), , % of Institutions having “0” Publications, , Overall (970), , 2017, , 2018, , 2019, , 2020, , 2021, , 15.23, , 13.59, , 7.53, , 7.54, , 7.42, , Universities (309), , 13.08, , 0.013, , 2.03, , 7.64, , 0.37, , 0.00, , Engineering (1076), , 20.00, , 23.18, , 9.76, , 6.31, , 6.65, , 5.67, , Management (603), , 65.33, , 84.04, , 69.78, , 66.27, , 63.56, , 55.01, , Pharmacy (333), , 23.33, , 34.43, , 20.73, , 14.88, , 15.36, , 12.91, , 60.31, , 39.79, , 31.47, , 31.76, , 32.82, , College (1109), , Table 36: Number and % of Eligible Institutions having "0" Publications Various, Categories and Subject Domains, A closer examination of research publications of the top ranked 100 institutions in Engineering discipline over past five, years, i.e. from 2017 to 2021 reveals that IITs have been contributing the most in terms of percentage of publications, with their contribution ranging from 35% in 2017 to 35.79% in 2021 followed by deemed-to-be-universities with their, contribution ranging from 12% in 2017 to 22.10% in 2021 and NITs with their contribution ranging from 15% in 2017, to 18.82% in 2021 (See Table 37)., , India Rankings 2021, , 38

Page 52 : Categories, , 2017, , 2018, , of Institutions, , 2019, , 2020, , 2021, , % of Publications, , IITs, , 35, , 38, , 35, , 36.59, , 35.79, , State Universities, , 15, , 13, , 12, , 9.70, , 8.53, , NITs, , 15, , 17, , 17, , 18.12, , 18.82, , Deemed to be Universities, , 12, , 16, , 20, , 21.46, , 22.10, , Engineering Colleges, , 7, , 7, , 8, , 6.83, , 5.79, , Private Universities, , 3, , 3, , 3, , 3.31, , 4.86, , Other CFTIs, , 3, , 2, , 3, , 2.17, , 2.09, , Table 37: Share of Publications from top 100 Engineering Institutions, (Ranked by Research Publications) from 2017 to 2021, Table 38 and Fig. 44 depict increase in research publications of eligible institutions with decrease in publications, output of other institutions in engineering over a period of five years, i.e. from 2017 to 2021. It is evident that the no. of, research publications of eligible institutions have increased from 67.84% in 2017 to 87.48% in 2021 whereas other, institutions have registered decrease in number of publications from 32.16% in 2017 to 12.52% in 2021., Years / Institutions, Eligible Institutions, (India Rankings), Other Institutions, , 2017, 67.84, , 2018, 74.30, , 2019, 78.32, , 2020, 83.44, , 2021, 87.48, , 32.16, , 25.70, , 21.68, , 16.56, , 12.52, , Table 38: Share of Publications of Eligible Institutions vs Other Institutions in, India in Engineering from 2017 to 2021, , Fig. 44: Share of Publications of Eligible Institutions vs Other Institutions in, Engineering from 2017 to 2021, Table 39 and Fig. 45 depict consistent increase in research publications of the World as compared to India, Eligible, institutions and Top 100 institutions from 2017 to 2021 in Overall category. The increase is to the tune of 31.54, 63.05,, 81.41 and 84.58 for the World, India, Eligible Institutions and Top 100 institutions respectively., , India Rankings 2021, , 39

Page 53 : Year / Entity, , 2017, , 2018, , 2019, , 2020, , 2021, , World, , 74,91,367, , 83,09,449, , 90,31,073, , India, , 2,63,125, , 3,36,978, , 3,83,803, , 4,04,953, , 4,29,025, , 63.05, , Eligible Institutions, , 1,78,693, , 2,24,577, , 2,64,930, , 2,85,917, , 3,24,169, , 81.41, , Top 100 Institutions, , 119360, , 1,54,757, , 1,79,727, , 2,00,756, , 2,20,319, , 84.58, , 93,63,011 9,85,3936, , % Increase, from, 2017 to 2021, 31.54, , Table 39: Comparative Research Publications of World, India and Eligible Institutions in, Overall Category for the Years 2017 – 2021, , Fig. 45: Comparative Research Publications of World, India, Eligible Institutions and Top 100, Institutions in Overall Category for the Years 2017 – 2021, Table 40 and Fig. 46 provide research publications of India, Eligible institutions and other institutions in Engineering., The Figure depicts linear and gradual increased in publication of India as well as that of eligible institutions in, Engineering category over a period of five years, i.e. from 2017 to 2021. Persistent and linear decrease in number of, publications in case of other institutions is also evident from Fig. 46., Year / Entity, , 2017, , 2018, , 2019, , 1,21,615, , 1,51,884, , 1,71,074, , 1,82,221, , 1,99,431, , 63.99, , Eligible Institutions, , 82,507, , 1,12,848, , 1,33,985, , 1,52,043, , 1,74,463, , 111.45, , Other Institutions, , 39,108, , 39,036, , 37,089, , 30,178, , 24,968, , -36.16, , India, , 2020, , 2021, , % Increase, from, 2017 to 2021, , Table 40: Comparative Research Publications of India, Eligible Institutions and Other Institutions in, Engineering from 2017 to 2021, India Rankings 2021, , 40

Page 54 : Fig. 46: Comparative Research Publications of India, Eligible Institutions and Other Institutions in, Engineering from 2017 to 2021, Table 41 and Fig. 47 provide median amount of sponsored research funding in Overall, Engineering and Pharmacy. In, general, decrease in amount of sponsored research funding is evident in all categories over a period of 5 years, i.e. from, 2017 to 2021. However, amount of sponsored research in case of Overall category and Engineering has increased by, 17.71% and 40.60% from 2020 to 2021., , Median SP, , India, Rankings, 2017, 2350395, , India, Rankings, 2018, 2005961, , India, Rankings, 2019, 1453200, , India, Rankings, 2020, 1320423, , India, Rankings, 2021, 1554327, , Engineering, , 369333, , 626333, , 867333, , 859233, , 1208115, , Pharmacy, , 104167, , 211993, , 232667, , 191667, , 166667, , Overall, , Table 41: Comparison of Sponsored Research Funding in Overall, Engineering and, Pharmacy: India Rankings in Past Five Years (2017 – 2021), , Fig. 47. Comparison of Sponsored Research Funding in Overall, Engineering and Pharmacy: India Rankings in, Past Five Years (2017 – 2021), India Rankings 2021, , 41

Page 55 : 9., , Computation of Scores and Rankings, , Rankings are based on the information and data provided by the institutions. Data on publications and citations have, been taken from standard indexing and citation sources, viz., Scopus (Elsevier Science) and Web of Science (Clarivate, Analytics). Perception data has been compiled from inputs from employers and peers. NIRF Team has done limited, validation of data. NIRF also provided an opportunity to the general public through press advertisement and through, web-portal, to give feedback on the quality and accuracy of data submitted by different institutions. Queries and, comments received from the public were passed on to the concerned institutions for suitable action. However,, responsibility for the accuracy and authenticity of the data lies with the institutions supplying it. Final data are, available on the NIRF portal., Overall weighted scores and ranks of institutions in different subjects / categories as well as their weighted scores on, five broad generic parameters are given at 9.1 to 9.11., , India Rankings 2021, , 42

Page 56 : Top Ranked Institutions, in, Various Categories

Page 78 : 9.10 India Rankings 2021: Top 100 in Colleges, Name, , City, , State, , Rank, , Miranda House, , Delhi, , Delhi, , 1, , Lady Shri Ram College For Women, , New Delhi, , Delhi, , 2, , Loyola College, , Chennai, , Tamil Nadu, , 3, , St. Xavier`s College, , Kolkata, , West Bengal, , 4, , Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, , Howrah, , West Bengal, , 5, , PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, , Coimbatore, , Tamil Nadu, , 6, , Presidency College, , Chennai, , Tamil Nadu, , 7, , St. Stephens's College, , Delhi, , Delhi, , 8, , Hindu College, , Delhi, , Delhi, , 9, , Shri Ram College of Commerce, , Delhi, , Delhi, , 10, , Sri Venkateswara College, , Delhi, , Delhi, , 11, , Atma Ram Sanatan Dharm College, , New Delhi, , Delhi, , 12, , Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, , New Delhi, , Delhi, , 13, , Hans Raj College, , Delhi, , Delhi, , 14, , Rama Krishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, , Rahara, , West Bengal, , 15, , Gargi College, , Delhi, , Delhi, , 16, , Kirori Mal College, , Delhi, , Delhi, , 17, , Madras Christian College, , Chennai, , Tamil Nadu, , 18, , PSG College of Arts and Science, , Coimbatore, , Tamil Nadu, , 19, , Acharya Narendra Dev College, , New Delhi, , Delhi, , 20, , Ramakrishna Mission Residential College, , Kolkata, , West Bengal, , 21, , P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, , Changa, , Gujarat, , 22, , Thiagarajar College, , Madurai, , Tamil Nadu, , 23, , Lady Irwin College, , Delhi, , Delhi, , 24, , University College, Thiruvananthapuram, , Thiruvananthapuram Kerala, , 25, , Daulat Ram College, , Delhi, , Delhi, , 26, , Sri Krishna Arts and Science College, , Coimbatore, , Tamil Nadu, , 27, , St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, , Tiruchirappalli, , Tamil Nadu, , 27, , Dyal Singh College, , New Delhi, , Delhi, , 29, , Madras School of Social Work, , Chennai, , Tamil Nadu, , 30, , Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, , Ernakulam, , Kerala, , 31, , Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, , New Delhi, , Delhi, , 32, , Kamala Nehru College, , Delhi, , Delhi, , 33, , Andhra Loyola College, , Vijayawada, , Andhra Pradesh, , 34, , Maitreyi College, , New Delhi, , Delhi, , 35, , Kongunadu Arts & Science College, , Coimbatore, , Tamil Nadu, , 36, , Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, , Delhi, , Delhi, , 37, , I.C.College of Home Science, , Hisar, , Haryana, , 38, , Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College, , Delhi, , Delhi, , 39, , India Rankings 2021, , 64

Page 82 : Name, , City, , State, , National Institute of Technology Karnataka, , Surathkal, , Karnataka, , 40, , Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, , Kolkata, , West Bengal, , 41, , National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, , Bangalore, , Karnataka, , 42, , Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, , Bhubaneswar, , Odisha, , 43, , Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Mohali, , Mohali, , Punjab, , 44, , Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Bhopal, , Bhopal, , Madhya Pradesh, , 45, , S.R.M. Institute of Science and Technology, , Chennai, , Tamil Nadu, , 46, , Indian Institute of Technology Patna, , Patna, , Bihar, , 47, , Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, , Shibpur, , West Bengal, , 48, , Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, , Rupnagar, , Punjab, , 49, , Shanmugha Arts Science Technology & Research Academy, , Thanjavur, , Tamil Nadu, , 50, , India Rankings 2021, , Rank, , 68

Page 83 : Top 10 / 5 Institutions, in, Each Category / Discipline

Page 85 : 10., , India Rankings 2021: Top 10/5 Institutions in various Categories and Subject Domains, , 10.1., , Top 10 Institutions in Overall, , Rank: 100, Rank-band: 101-150, 151-200, https://www.nirfindia.org/2021/OverallRanking.html, , OVERALL, , Top 10 Institutions in Overall, , Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, , Rank - 1, , Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), set-up, by the Government of India in 1959, is one amongst the, foremost Institutes of National Importance in higher, technological education, basic and applied research. The, institute is located in the city of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The, Indian Institute of Technology Madras retained its 1st, position in Overall Category in 2021 for the third consecutive, year, i.e. from 2019 onwards., , Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, , Rank - 2, , The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) established on May 27,, 1909, the foundation stone was laid in with active support, from Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata, the Government of India,, and the Maharaja of Mysore. Since its establishment, IISc has, become the premier institute for advanced scientific and, technological research and education in India. The Indian, nd, Institute of Science Bangalore retained its 2 position in the, Overall Category in India Rankings 2021 for third, consecutive year, i.e. from 2019 onwards., , India Rankings 2021, , 69

Page 86 : Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Mumbai, , Rank - 3, , The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay) is a, public engineering institute located in Powai, Mumbai, India., Established by the Government of India in 1958, IIT Bombay, is an Institute of National Importance and a Deemed, University. The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, stands at the 3rd position in Overall Category of India, rd, th, Rankings in 2021. IIT Bombay was ranked between 3 to 4, positions in the Overall category of India Rankings from 2017, to 2020., , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, , Rank - 4, , The Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi) is a, public engineering and research institute situated in Hauz, Khas, Delhi. The Institute was established in 1961 as the, College of Engineering & Technology affiliated to University, of Delhi and was renamed later as “Indian Institute of, Technology Delhi”. IIT Delhi is an Institute of National, Importance declared by the Government of India. The Indian, Institute of Technology Delhi stands at the 4th position in, Overall Category of India Rankings 2021. IIT Delhi was, rd, th, ranked between 3 to 5 positions in the Overall category of, India Rankings from 2017 to 2020., , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, , Rank - 5, , The Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur) is a, public engineering and research institute located in Kanpur,, Uttar Pradesh. It began functioning in 1959. It is an Institute, of National Importance declared by the Government of India, under the IIT Act. The Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, th, stands at the 5 position in Overall Category in the India, th, th, Rankings 2021. It was ranked between 6 and 7 positions in, the Overall category of India Rankings from 2017 and 2020., , India Rankings 2021, , 70

Page 87 : Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, , Rank - 6, , The Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT, Kharagpur) is a public engineering institute and Institute of, National Importance established by the Government of India, in 1951. The Institute was established and started its journey, in the old Hijli Detention Camp, Hijli, Kharagpur, West Bengal., The Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur stands at the, th, 6 position in Overall Category in the India Rankings 2021., th, th, IIT Kharagpur was ranked between 4 and 5 positions in the, Overall category of India Rankings from 2017 to 2020., , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, , Rank - 7, , The Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT Roorkee), is, the oldest technical Institute of Asia, and is among the, foremost institutes of National Importance in higher, technological & engineering education in the country. The, Institute is the seventh IIT to be declared by the Government, of India on September 21, 2001. It is located in Roorkee,, Uttarakhand, India. The Indian Institute of Technology, th, Roorkee (IIT Roorkee) stands at the 7 position in Overall, Category in the India Rankings 2021. IIT Roorkee was ranked, between 8th and 9th positions in the Overall category of India, Rankings from 2017 to 2020., , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, , Rank - 8, , The Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, established in, 1994, located in Guwahati, Assam is the sixth member of the, IIT fraternity. The academic programme of IIT Guwahati, commenced in 1995. IIT Guwahati is an Institute of National, Importance declared by the Government of India. The Indian, Institute of Technology Guwahati stands at the 8th position in, Overall Category in the India Rankings 2021. IIT Guwahati, was ranked between 7th and 12th positions in the Overall, category of India Rankings from 2017 to 2020., , India Rankings 2021, , 71

Page 88 : Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, , Rank - 9, , The Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) is a public central, university located in New Delhi, the capital of India. The, University was established in 1969 by an Act of Parliament. It, was named after Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime, Minister of India. Jawaharlal Nehru University stands at the, 9th position in Overall Category in the India Rankings 2021., JNU was ranked between 6th and 8th positions in the Overall, category of India Rankings from 2017 to 2020., , Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, , Rank - 10, , Banaras Hindu University (BHU) is an internationally, reputed institute situated in the holy city of Varanasi, Uttar, Pradesh, India. The University was founded by the great, nationalist leader, Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya, in 1916., Banaras Hindu University was created under the, Parliamentary Legislation - BHU Act 1915. Banaras Hindu, th, University stands at the 10 position in Overall Category in, th, the India Rankings 2021. BHU was ranked between 9 and, th, 10 positions in the Overall category of India Rankings from, 2017 to 2020., , India Rankings 2021, , 72

Page 89 : 10. 2. Top 10 Universities, , UNIVERSITIES, , Rank: 100, Rank-band: 101-150, 151-200, https://www.nirfindia.org/2021/UniversityRanking.html, Top 10 Universities, , Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, , Rank - 1, , The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) was established on May, 27, 1909. The foundation stone was laid in with active, support from Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata, the Government of, India, and the Maharaja of Mysore. Since its establishment,, IISc has become the premier institute for advanced scientific, and technological research and education in India. The, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore has retained its 1st, position for the past 6 years consecutively in the University, Category of India Rankings, i.e., from 2016 to 2021., , Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, , Rank - 2, , The Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) is a public central, university located in New Delhi, the capital of India. The, University was established in 1969 by an Act of Parliament. It, was named after Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime, Minister of India. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, retained its 2nd position for the past five years consecutively, in the University Category of India Rankings, i.e., from 2017, to 2021. It was ranked at 3rd position in the University, Category of India Rankings 2016., , India Rankings 2021, , 73

Page 90 : Rank - 3, , Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Banaras Hindu University (BHU) is an internationally, reputed institute situated in the holy city of Varanasi, Uttar, Pradesh, India. The University was founded by the great, nationalist leader, Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya in 1916., Banaras Hindu University was created under the, Parliamentary Legislation - BHU Act 1915. Banaras Hindu, rd, University retained its 3 position for the past five years, consecutively in the University Category of India Rankings,, th, i.e., from 2017 to 2021. It was ranked at 7 position in the, University Category of India Rankings 2016., , Rank - 4, , Calcutta University, Kolkata, , th, , The University of Calcutta, established on 24 January 1857,, is a collegiate public state university, located in the city of, Kolkata, West Bengal. The University was the first institution, in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and secular, western-style university in India. Calcutta University stands, th, at the 4 position in University Category in the India, th, th, Rankings 2021. It was ranked at 5 and 7 position in, University Category of India Rankings in 2019 and 2020, respectively., , Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, , Rank - 5, , Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham also known as Amrita, University, was started in 2003 by the world-renowned, humanitarian leader, Sri Mata Amritanandamayi Devi, also, called Amma. The University is a multi-campus,, multidisciplinary research university spread across 5, campuses in 3 states of India namely Kerala, Tamil Nadu and, Karnataka, and the University headquarters is at Ettimadai,, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, th, stands at the 5 position in University Category of the India, Rankings 2021. The Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham was, th, th, ranked between 4 to 9 positions in University category of, India Rankings from 2017 to 2020., India Rankings 2021, , 74

Page 91 : Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, , Rank - 6, , Jamia Millia Islamia is a Central University located in Jamia, Nagar, New Delhi, India. It was originally established at, Aligarh , United Provinces (present day Uttar Pradesh, India), during the British Raj. In 1920, it moved to its current, location in Okhla in 1935. It was given the “deemed to be, university” status by the University Grants Commission in, th, 1962. On 26 December 1988, it became a central university., Jamia Milia Islamia stands at the 6th position in University, Category in the India Rankings 2021. Jamia Millia Islamia was, th, th, ranked at 12 position from 2017 to 2019 and at 10 position, in 2020 in University category., , Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, , Rank - 7, , The Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), formerly, known as Manipal University, was established in the year, 1956. It is one of the private “deemed to be university” in, India. The institution offers higher education courses in 218, programs in more than 19 disciplines. Manipal Academy of, th, Higher Education (MAHE) stands at the 7 position in, University Category of the India Rankings 2021. MAHE was, ranked between 8th to 18th positions from 2017 to 2020., , Jadavpur University, Kolkata, , Rank - 8, , Jadavpur University is a premier public research university, located in Kolkata, West Bengal. The University was, th, established on 24 December, 1955 by converting the then, Bengal Technical Institute (later became College of, Engineering and Technology, Bengal) through a State, Legislation. It has two campuses: the main campus at, Jadavpur and the new campus at Salt Lake. Jadavpur, th, University stands at the 8 position in University Category of, th, the India Rankings 2021. It was ranked at 5 position in 2017, th, and 2020 and at 6 position in 2018 and 2019 in the, University category of India Rankings., India Rankings 2021, , 75

Page 92 : University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, , Rank - 9, , The University of Hyderabad, founded in 1974, is a premier, institute of postgraduate teaching and research in the, country. The University, also known as Hyderabad Central, University, is located in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The, University of Hyderabad stands at the 9th position in, University Category in the India Rankings 2021. University of, th, th, Hyderabad was ranked between 4 to 7 positions from 2016, to 2020 in the University category of India Rankings., , Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, , Rank - 10, , Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) holds a unique and, prestigious position amongst universities and institutions of, higher learnings in India. As a public central university, the, Aligarh Muslim University was established in the year 1875, by Sir Sayed Ahmad Khan as the Muhammadan AngloOriental College. In 1920, the college was transformed into, the Aligarh Muslim University following the Aligarh Muslim, th, University Act. Aligarh Muslim University stands at 10, position in University Category in the India Rankings 2021., th, th, AMU was ranked between 10 to 17 positions from 2016 to, 2020 in the University category of India Rankings., , India Rankings 2021, , 76

Page 93 : 10.3., , Top 10 Institutions in Engineering, , Rank: 200, Rank-band: 201-250 & 251-300, https://www.nirfindia.org/2021/EngineeringRanking.html, , ENGINEERING, , Top 10 Institutions in Engineering, , Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, , Rank - 1, , The Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras),, setup by the Government of India in 1959, is one among the, foremost Institutes of National Importance in higher, technological education, basic and applied research. The, institute is located in the city of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The, st, Indian Institute of Technology Madras retained its 1, position in Engineering Category of the India Rankings 2021, for the sixth consecutive year, i.e. from 2016 onwards., , Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, , Rank - 2, , The Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi) is a, public engineering and research institute situated in Hauz, Khas, Delhi. The Institute was established in 1961 as the, College of Engineering & Technology affiliated to University, of Delhi and was renamed later as “Indian Institute of, Technology Delhi”. IIT Delhi is an Institute of National, Importance declared by the Government of India. The Indian, nd, Institute of Technology Delhi retained its 2 position in, Engineering Category of the India Rankings 2021 for the, third consecutive year, i.e. from 2019 onwards. IIT Delhi was, th, ranked at 4 position in 2016 and 2017 and at 3rd position in, 2018 in Engineering subject of India Rankings., , India Rankings 2021, , 77

Page 94 : Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Mumbai, , Rank - 3, , The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay) is a, public engineering institute located in Powai, Mumbai, India., Established by the Government of India in 1958, IIT Bombay, is an Institute of National Importance and a Deemed, University. The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, rd, retained its 3 position in Engineering Category of the India, Rankings 2021 for the third consecutive year, i.e. from 2019, nd, onwards. IIT Bombay was ranked at 2 position in, Engineering subject of India Rankings from 2016 to 2018., , Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, , Rank - 4, , The Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur) is a, public engineering & research institute located in Kanpur,, Uttar Pradesh. It began functioning in 1959. It is an Institute, of National Importance declared by the Government of India, under the IIT Act. The Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, th, stands at the 4 position in Engineering Category in the India, th, Rankings 2021. IIT Kanpur was ranked at 5 position in, Engineering subject of India Rankings from 2016 to 2019. It, was ranked at 4th position in Engineering subject in India, Rankings 2020., , Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, , Rank - 5, , The Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT, Kharagpur) is a public engineering institute and Institute of, National Importance established by the Government of India, in 1951. The Institute was established and started its journey, in the old Hijli Detention Camp, Hijli, Kharagpur, West Bengal., th, The Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur retained its 5, position in Engineering Category in the India Rankings 2021., nd, th, IIT Kharagpur was ranked between 2 and 5 positions in, Engineering subject of India Rankings from 2016 to 2020., , India Rankings 2021, , 49, 78

Page 95 : Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, , Rank - 6, , The Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT Roorkee), is, the oldest technical Institute of Asia, and is among the, foremost institutes of National Importance in higher, technological & engineering education in the country. The, Institute is the seventh IIT to be declared by the Government, of India on September 21, 2001. It is located in Roorkee,, Uttarakhand, India. The Indian Institute of Technology, th, Roorkee (IIT Roorkee) retained its 6 position in Engineering, Category of the India Rankings for sixth consecutive years, i.e., from 2016 onwards., , Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, , Rank - 7, , The Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, established in, 1994, located in Guwahati, Assam is the sixth member of the, IIT fraternity. The academic programme of IIT Guwahati, commenced in 1995. IIT Guwahati is an Institute of National, Importance declared by the Government of India. The Indian, Institute of Technology Guwahati retained its 7th position in, Engineering subject of the India Rankings for five, consecutive years, i.e. from 2017 onwards. It was ranked at, th, 11 position in Engineering subject of India Rankings in, 2016., , Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Hyderabad, , Rank - 8, , The Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad is one among, the 2nd generation of IITs started by the Govt. of India. It was, started on 18th August 2008 from a temporary campus at, Ordnance Factory. The permanent campus of the institute is, located in Kandi village, Sangareddy. The Indian Institute of, Technology Hyderabad retained its 8th position in, Engineering subject of the India Rankings 2021. The Indian, Institute of Technology Hyderabad retained its 8th position, in Engineering subject of the India Rankings for three, consecutive years, i.e. from 2019 onwards. IIT Hyderabad, th, th, was ranked between 7 and 10 positions in Engineering, subject of India Rankings from 2016 to 2018., India Rankings 2021, , 79

Page 96 : National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, , Rank - 9, , The National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, ( NITT, or NIT Trichy), formerly known as Regional Engineering, College, Tiruchirappalli, is a technical institute of national, importance governed by the NIT Act passed by the, Parliament of India. It was established in 1964. In 2003, the, institution was granted “Deemed to be University” status and, then it was renamed as the National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli. The National Institute of Technology, th, Tiruchirappalli retained its 9 position in Engineering, subject in India Rankings 2021. The National Institute of, th, Technology Trichy retained its 9 position in Engineering, subject of the India Rankings for the second consecutive year., th, th, NIT Trichy was ranked between 10 and 12 positions in, Engineering subject of India Rankings from 2016 to 2019., , National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, , Rank - 10, , National Institute of Technology Karnataka also known as, NITK Surathkal is located in Mangalore, Karnataka. Founded, in the year 1960, NITK Surathkal started as Karnataka, Regional Engineering College (KREC) and later upgraded as, National Institute of Technology in 2002. National Institute, th, of Technology Karnataka stands at the 10 position in, Engineering subject in India Rankings 2021. NITK Surathkal, nd, has improved its ranking from 22 position in 2016 and, st, th, 2017, 21 position in 2018 and 2019 and 13 position in, 2020 to 10th position in 2021., , India Rankings 2021, , 80

Page 97 : 10.4., , Top 5 Institutions in Management, , Rank: 75, Rank-band: 76-100, https://www.nirfindia.org/2021/ManagementRanking.htmll, , MANAGEMENT, , Top 5 Institutions in Management, , Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, , Rank - 1, , The Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIM, Ahmedabad) is a top-notch public business school located in, the city of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The Institute was established, on December 11, 1961 and is the second IIM to be established, in the country. The Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad retained its 1st position in Management subject, of the India Rankings 2021. IIM Ahmedabad was ranked, amongst top two in Management subject of the India, Rankings from 2016 to 2019., , Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, , Rank - 2, , The Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (IIM, Bangalore) is a premiere public business school located in, India's Silicon Valley, the city of Bengaluru, Karnataka. The, Institute is the third IIM to be established in the country in, 1973. The Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, nd, retained at the 2 position in the Management subject of the, India Rankings 2021. IIM Bangalore was ranked amongst top, two in Management subject of the India Rankings from 2016, to 2019., , India Rankings 2021, , 81

Page 98 : Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Kolkata, , Rank - 3, , The Indian Institute of Management Calcutta (IIM Calcutta), was established as the first national institute for, postgraduate studies and research in management by the, Government of India in November 1961. The Institute is, located at Joka, Kolkata, West Bengal. The Indian Institute of, Management Calcutta retained its 3rd position for the last six, consecutive years in the Management subject of the India, Rankings, i.e. from 2016 to 2021., , Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode, , Rank - 4, , Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Kozhikode is the fifth, IIM to be established by the government of India with, collaboration with Govt. of Kerela in the year 1997. Spread, across 112-acre of land, IIM Kozhikode is situated in the, Kunnamangalam area of ancient city of Calicut in Kerala., th, Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode stands at 4, position in Management Category of India Rankings 2021., IIM Kozhikode has improved its ranking from 8th position in, th, th, 2019 and 6 position in 2016 and 2020 to 4 position in, 2021., , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, , Rank - 5, , The Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi) is a, public engineering and research institute situated in Hauz, Khas, Delhi. The Institute was established in 1961 as the, College of Engineering & Technology affiliated to University, of Delhi and was renamed later as “Indian Institute of, Technology Delhi”. IIT Delhi is an Institute of National, Importance declared by the Government of India. The Indian, th, Institute of Technology Delhi retained its 5 position in, Management Category of India Rankings in 2021. IIT Delhi, was ranked between 6th to 9th positions in the Management, subject of the India Rankings from 2016 to 2020., India Rankings 2021, , 82

Page 99 : 10.5., , Top 5 Institutions in Architecture, , Rank: 25, https://www.nirfindia.org/2021/ArchitectureRanking.html, , ARCHITECTURE, , Top 5 Institutions in Architecture, , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, , Rank - 1, , The Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT Roorkee), is, the oldest technical Institute of Asia, and is among the, foremost institutes of National Importance in higher, technological & engineering education in the country. The, Institute is the seventh IIT to be declared by the Government, of India on September 21, 2001. It is located in Roorkee,, Uttarakhand, India. The Indian Institute of Technology, st, Roorkee (IIT Roorkee) stands at 1 position in Architecture, Category of the India Rankings 2021. IIT Roorkee was ranked, nd, at 2 position in Architecture Category of the India Rankings, from 2018 to 2020., , National Institute of Technology Calicut, , Rank - 2, , The National Institute of Technology Calicut (NIT Calicut or, NITC), formerly Regional Engineering College Calicut, is a, technical institution of national importance governed by the, NIT Act passed by the Parliament of India. It was established, in 1961 and was known as Calicut Regional Engineering, College (CREC) until 2002. The National Institute of, nd, Technology Calicut stands at 2 position in Architecture, Category of the India Rankings 2021. NIT Calicut was ranked, rd, at 3 position in Architecture Category of the India Rankings, in 2019 and 2020., , India Rankings 2021, , 83, 20

Page 100 : Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, , Rank - 3, , The Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT, Kharagpur) is a public engineering institute and Institute of, National Importance established by the Government of India, in 1951. The Institute was established and started its journey, in the old Hijli Detention Camp, Hijli, Kharagpur, West Bengal., rd, The Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur stands at 3, position in Architecture Category of the India Rankings 2021., st, It was ranked at 1 position in Architecture Category of the, India Rankings from 2018 to 2020., , School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, , Rank - 4, , The School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi (SPA New, Delhi), established in the year 1941, is a premier higher, education federal institute located in New Delhi, India. The, institute is one of the three Schools of Planning and Architecture, (SPAs) established by the Ministry of Education, Government of, India. The Institute was granted “Deemed to be University”, status in 2008. It is one of the Institutes of National Importance, of Ministry of Education. The Institute is specialized in, education and research, and serving as the national centre of, excellence, in the fields of planning and architecture. School of, Planning and Architecture New Delhi stands at the 4th position in, Architecture Category of the India Rankings 2021. SPA New, Delhi was ranked between 3rd to 5th positions in Architecture, subject of the India Rankings from 2018 to 2020., , Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT) University, Ahmedabad, , Rank - 5, , The CEPT University, formerly the Centre for Environmental, Planning and Technology (CEPT), is an academic institution, located near the university area in Ahmedabad offering, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in areas of natural, and developed environment of human society and related, disciplines. It was established as the School of Architecture in 1962., Until 2002 the institute was autonomous. From 2002 to 2005, it, was affiliated to Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University. In, 2005 it became a university through the Centre for Environmental, Planning and Technology University Act, 2005. It was renamed, "CEPT University" through CEPT University Act, 2010. The CEPT, University stands at 5th position in Architecture Category of the, India Rankings 2021. It was ranked at 4th position in Architecture, subject of the India Rankings in 2020., , India Rankings 2021, , 84

Page 101 : 10.6, , Top 5 Institutions in Dental, , Rank: 40, https://www.nirfindia.org/2021/ArchitectureRanking.html, , DENTAL, , Top 5 Institutions in Dental, , Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, , Rank - 1, , The Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, also known, as MCODS, was established in 1965 and received, accreditation by the Dental Council of India in 1970. It was, India's first private dental college. The Manipal College of, Dental Sciences, Manipal stands at the 1st position in Dental, Subject of India Rankings 2021. It was ranked at 2nd position, in Dental subject of the India Rankings in 2020., , Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, , Rank - 2, , The dentistry Institution of Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, (DPU) is one of the nine professional institutions of Dr. D. Y., Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune. The dentistry Institution of Dr. D. Y., nd, Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune stands at the 2 position in Dental, rd, category of India Rankings 2021. It was ranked at 3 position, in Dental subject of the India Rankings in 2020., , India Rankings 2021, , 85, 20

Page 102 : Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, , Rank - 3, , The Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences is a, private university located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It, has eight disciplines of studies, namely Dental College,, School of Management, School of Law, School of Engineering,, School of Physiotherapy, School of Nursing and Medical, College. The Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical, Sciences stands at the 3rd position in Dental category of India, Rankings 2021. It was ranked at 4th position in Dental subject, of the India Rankings in 2020., , Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, , Rank - 4, , The Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences (MAIDS), the, dental wing of Maulana Medical College and Hospital was, granted autonomous status by the Government of Delhi in, 2006 and renamed as Maulana Azad Institute of Dental, Sciences. MAIDS is affiliated to the University of Delhi. It was, declared as one of the best dental institutions in India and, was declared as “Center of Excellence”. The Maulana Azad, th, Institute of Dental Sciences stands at the 4 position in Dental, st, category of India Rankings 2021. It was ranked at 1 position, in Dental subject of the India Rankings in 2020., , King George`s Medical University, Lucknow, , Rank - 5, , King George’s Medical University previously known as, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University (CSMMU) is, one of the renowned medical institutes in Northern India. It, was established in 1906 by King George V, the then Prince of, Wales. It is a medical school, hospital and medical university, located in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. King George`s Medical, University stands at the 5th position in Dental category of, India Rankings 2021., , India Rankings 2021, , 86

Page 103 : 10.7., , Top 5 Institutions in Law, , Rank: 30, https://www.nirfindia.org/2021/LawRanking.html, , LAW, , Top 5 Institutions in Law, , National Law School of India University, Bengaluru, , Rank - 1, , The National Law School of India University (NLSIU) was, established in 1964 at Bengaluru by a statute passed by the, Legislative Assembly of the State of Karnataka. It is an, institution of legal education focusing on undergraduate and, graduate legal and policy education in India. It was the first, National Law University to be established in India as well as, one of the first in the country to offer the five-year integrated, undergraduate law degree. The National Law School of India, st, University (NLSIU) has retained its 1 position in the Law, Category of the India Rankings 2021 for four consecutive, years, i.e., from 2018 to 2021., , National Law University (NLU), Delhi, , Rank - 2, , National Law University, Delhi (NLUD), established in 2008,, is a prestigious law university in India. The University is one, of the national law schools in India built on the five-year law, degree model proposed and implemented by the Bar Council, of India. The National Law University, Delhi has retained its, 2nd position in the Law Category of the India Rankings 2021, for the four consecutive years, i.e., from 2018 to 2021., , India Rankings 2021, , 87, 20

Page 104 : Nalsar University of Law, Hyderabad, , Rank - 3, , NALSAR University of Law, officially the National Academy of, Legal Studies and Research (NALSAR), established in 1998, is, a legal studies institution located in Shamirpet, Hyderabad,, Telangana. NALSAR is counted amongst the top law schools, of the country. It was the second National Law University to, be instituted in India. The NALSAR University of Law has, rd, retained its 3 position in the Law Category of the India, Rankings for the four consecutive years, i.e., from 2018 to, 2021., , The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata, , Rank - 4, , The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences is, an autonomous National Law University established in 1999, under the WBNUJS Act, 1999 (West Bengal Act IX of 1999)., The University is one of the best amongst the elite national, law schools in India. The University offers courses at the, undergraduate, postgraduate, M. Phil, Ph.D and LL.D and, diploma in business laws and other programs. The University, is known to be the second-best law school in the country after, NLSIU. The University stands at the 4th position in Law, category in India Rankings 2021. It was ranked between 5th to, 7th positions in the Law subject of the India Rankings from, 2018 to 2020., , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, , Rank - 5, , The Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT, Kharagpur) is a public engineering institute and Institute of, National Importance established by the Government of India, in 1951. The Institute was established and started its journey, in the old Hijli Detention Camp, Hijli, Kharagpur, West Bengal., The Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur stands at the, 5th position in Law category in India Rankings 2021. It was, th, ranked at 4 position in the Law subject of the India Rankings, from 2018 to 2020., , India Rankings 2021, , 88

Page 105 : 10.8., , Top 5 Institutions in Pharmacy, , PHARMACY, , Rank: 75, Rank-band: 76-100, https://www.nirfindia.org/2021/PharmacyRanking.html, Top 5 Institutions in Pharmacy, , Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, , Rank - 1, , Jamia Hamdard is a “Deemed to be University” recognized by, the Ministry of Education, Government of India. The history, of Jamia Hamdard began with the establishment of a small, Unani clinic in the year 1906 by Hakeem Hafiz Abdul Majeed,, one of the well-known practitioners of Unani System of, Medicine. The University was inaugurated by Late Shri Rajiv, Gandhi on August 01, 1989, and is located in New Delhi. Jamia, st, Hamdard, Delhi has retained its 1 position in Pharmacy, Subject of the India Rankings 2021 for the third consecutive, year, i.e., from 2019 to 2021. Jamia Hamdard was ranked at, st, nd, 3rd, 1 and 2 positions in the Pharmacy subject of the India, Rankings in 2016, 2017 and 2018 respectively., , Panjab University, Chandigarh, , Rank - 2, , Panjab University was established in 1882 at Lahore. After, partition in 1947, the University had no campus of its own for, a decade. While the administrative office was located at, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, the teaching departments, functioned from Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Delhi and Amritsar., In 1956, the University was relocated to Chandigarh. The, University was recognized by the UGC as the "University with, Potential for Excellence in Biomedical Sciences" with, facilities for Stem Cell Research and Drug Development. The, nd, Panjab University retained its 2 position in Pharmacy, subject of the India Rankings 2021 for the third consecutive, year, i.e., from 2019 to 2021. Panjab University was ranked at, nd, 2 position in the Pharmacy subject of the India Rankings, from 2016 to 2018., India Rankings 2021, , 89, 20

Page 106 : Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, , Rank - 3, , The Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS),, established on 13th May, 1964, is a “Deemed to be University”, founded by Mr. G. D. Birla. The university was established as, regional engineering college and later on transformed into, university. The Institute is one of the first six institutes to be, awarded the Institute of Eminence status in 2018. Birla, Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani stands at 3rd, position in Pharmacy Category of the India Rankings 2021., th, th, BITS Pilani was ranked at 5 and 6 positions in Pharmacy, subject of the India Rankings from 2017 to 2020., , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, , Rank - 4, , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER), Mohali is the first national level institute in, pharmaceutical sciences with a proclaimed objective of, becoming a centre of excellence for advanced studies and, research in pharmaceutical sciences. The Government of, India has declared NIPER as an “Institute of National, Importance”. National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research (NIPER), Mohali stands at 4th position in, Pharmacy Category of the India Rankings 2021. NIPER,, Mohali was ranked at 3rd position in Pharmacy subject of the, India Rankings from 2017 to 2020., , Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, , Rank - 5, , The Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), formerly known, as the University Department of Chemical Technology, (UDCT), is a premier chemical technology research institute, located in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The Institute was, established on 1st October, 1933 by the University of Mumbai, and was granted “Deemed to be University” status in 2008., Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai stands at the 5th, position in Pharmacy subject of the India Rankings 2021. ICT, th, Mumbai was ranked at 4 position in Pharmacy subject of the, India Rankings from 2017 to 2020., India Rankings 2021, , 90

Page 107 : 10.9., , Top 5 Medical Institutions, , Rank: 50, https://www.nirfindia.org/2021/MedicalRanking.html, , MEDICAL, , Top 5 Medical Institutions, , All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, , Rank - 1, , All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (AIIMS New, Delhi) established in 1956, under the All India Institute of, Medical Sciences Act, 1956 as an institution of national, importance by an Act of Parliament with the objectives to, develop patterns of teaching in undergraduate and, postgraduate medical education in all its branches. All India, st, Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi has retained its 1, position in the Medical Category of the India Rankings since, last four consecutive years, i.e., from 2018 to 2021., , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, , Rank - 2, , The Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and, Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh is a medical and research, institute and Institute of National Importance established by, the Government of India in 1962. The Institute was originally, under the Government of undivided Punjab. After the, reorganization of the state, the administrative control of the, institute passed on to the Union Territory of Chandigarh in, November 1966. The Institute became an autonomous body, under the Act of Parliament in 1967 functioning under the, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India., PGIMER Chandigarh has retained its 2nd position in the, Medical Category of the India Rankings since last four, consecutive years, i.e., from 2018 to 2021., , India Rankings 2021, , 91, 20

Page 108 : Christian Medical College, Vellore, , Rank - 3, , Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore (CMC Vellore), was established in 1900 by an American missionary Dr. Ida S., Scudder. It is a private minority-run educational and, research institute located in the city of Vellore, Tamil Nadu., The Institute first started the College of Nursing in 1946., Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore has retained, its 3rd position in the Medical subject of the India Rankings, since last four consecutive years, i.e., from 2018 to 2021., , National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, , Rank - 4, , The National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, (NIMHANS) is a multidisciplinary institute for patient care, and academic pursuit in the field of mental health and, neurosciences. It was the result of the amalgamation of the, erstwhile State Mental Hospital and the All India Institute of, Mental Health (AIIMH) established by the Government of, India in 1954. The Institute was inaugurated on 27 December, 1974, establishing it as an autonomous body under the, Societies Registration Act to lead in the area of medical, service and research in the country. The Central Government, recognized its eminent academic position, growth and, contributions, and declared it a ‘Deemed to be University’ in, 1994. In 2012, NIMHANS was conferred the status of an, ‘Institute of National Importance’. The National Institute of, Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore, th, retained its 4 position in the Medical subject of the India, Rankings 2021., Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, , Rank - 5, , Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, (SGPGIMS), Lucknow was established in 1983. The, University is a medical Institute under the State Legislature, Act, located in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. The Sanjay Gandhi, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, th, retained its 5 position in Medical subject of the India, th, Rankings 2021. It was ranked at 4 position in Medical, subject of the India Rankings 2019., , India Rankings 2021, , 92

Page 109 : 10.10., , Top 10 Colleges, Rank: 100, Rank-band: 101-150 & 151-200, https://www.nirfindia.org/2021/CollegeRanking.html, , COLLEGES, , Top 10 Colleges, , Miranda House, Delhi, , Rank - 1, , Miranda House, residential college for women, is one of the, premier Women's Institutes of Delhi University. It was, founded in 1948 by the then Vice-Chancellor Sir Maurice, Gwyer. Located in the Delhi University campus, Miranda, House offers degrees in the sciences, humanities and liberal, st, arts. Miranda House, Delhi has retained its 1 position for the, past five years consecutively in the College Category of the, India Rankings, i.e. from 2017 to 2021., , Lady Shri Ram College For Women (LSR), New Delhi, , Rank - 2, , Lady Shri Ram College for Women (LSR) New Delhi is a, constituent women's college of the University of Delhi for, social sciences, humanities and commerce. It was established, in 1956 in New Delhi by late Lala Shri Ram. The college, campus is situated at Lajpat Nagar in South Delhi. Lady Shri, nd, Ram College for Women, New Delhi retained its 2 position in, the College Category of the India Rankings 2021. LSR, Delhi, th, th, was ranked between 5 to 8 positions in College Category of, the India Rankings from 2017 to 2019., , India Rankings 2021, , 93

Page 110 : Loyola College, Chennai, , Rank - 3, , Loyola College is a Catholic Minority Institute affiliated to, University of Madras, Chennai, India. It was founded by the, Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in 1925, with the primary objective, of providing University Education in a Christian atmosphere, for deserving students irrespective of caste and creed. The, college became autonomous in July 1978. Loyola College,, Chennai stands at the 3rd position in the College Category of, the India Rankings 2021. It was ranked at 2nd position in 2017, th, and at 6 position in College Category of the India Rankings, from 2018 to 2020., , St. Xavier`s College, Kolkata, , Rank - 4, , St. Xavier's College, a Christian Minority Higher Educational, Institute, was founded in 1860 by a Catholic Minority, Religious body, the Society of Jesus. It is affiliated to Calcutta, University. St. Xavier's College offers undergraduate and, postgraduate courses in Arts, Science, Commerce, Business, Administration, and Education faculties. St. Xavier's College,, Kolkata stands at the 4th position in College Category of India, Rankings 2021. It was ranked between 6th to 17th positions in, College Category of India Rankings 2021., , Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Howrah, , Rank - 5, , The Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College,, popularly known as Rahara V. C College, was established in, 1963. Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, th, stands at the 5 position in College Category of the India, th, th, Rankings 2021. It was ranked between 7 to 9 positions in, College Category of India Rankings from 2018 to 2020., , India Rankings 2021, , 94

Page 111 : PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, , Rank - 6, , PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore is an, autonomous arts and science college. It was established in, 1963 with a motto of 'empowering women through, education', initially affiliated to the University of Madras., Currently the College is affiliated to the Bharathiar, University. It was recognized as the 'College of Excellence' by, the University Grants Commission. PSGR Krishnammal, th, College for Women stands at 6 position in the College, Category of the India Rankings 2021. It was ranked between, th, nd, 10 to 22 positions in College Category of India Rankings, from 2017 to 2020., , Presidency College, Chennai, , Rank - 7, , The Presidency College is an arts, law and science college in, the city of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The College was established, as the Madras Preparatory School on 16th October 1840 and, later upgraded to a high school and then graduate college., Presidency College is one of the oldest government arts, colleges in India. The college offers undergraduate as well as, postgraduate courses. Presidency College, Chennai stands at, th, the 7 position in the College Category of India Rankings, th, rd, 2021. It was ranked at 5 position in 2018 & 2020 and at 3, position in 2019 in College Category of India Rankings., , St. Stephen’s College, Delhi, , Rank - 8, , The St. Stephen's College, Delhi is a constituent college of the, University of Delhi. The College is widely regarded as one of, the oldest and most prestigious colleges for arts and sciences, in India. St. Stephen's College was established in 1881 by the, Cambridge Mission to Delhi. St. Stephen's College stands at, th, the 8 position in the College Category of the India Rankings, th, nd, 2021. It was ranked at 4 position in 2019 & 2020 and at 2, position in 2018 in College Category of India Rankings., , India Rankings 2021, , 95

Page 112 : Hindu College, Delhi, , Rank - 9, , Hindu College, Delhi was established in 1899 by Late Shri, Krishna Dassji Gurwale. Earlier affiliated to Panjab, University, the College is now constituent college of the, University of Delhi. The Hindu College is one of the oldest, and most selective colleges in Delhi. Hindu College stands, at the 9th position in the College Category of the India, Rankings 2021. It was ranked between 2nd and 4th positions, from 2018 to 2020 in the College Category of India, Rankings., , Shri Ram College of Commerce, Delhi, , Rank - 10, , The Shri Ram College of Commerce (SRCC), Delhi is a college, affiliated to the University of Delhi granting undergraduate, and graduate degrees. Founded in 1926 in Delhi, it is one of, the oldest institutes of higher learning in commerce and, economics in India. Shri Ram College of Commerce was, established by educationist and industrialist, late Lala Shri, Ram. The Shri Ram College of Commerce, Delhi stands at the, 10th position in College Category in India Rankings 2021. It, was ranked between 3rd to 4th positions from 2017 to 2020 in, the College Category of India Rankings., , India Rankings 2021, , 96

Page 113 : 10.11 Top 10 in Research Institutions, , RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS, , Rank: 50, https://www.nirfindia.org/2021/ResearchRanking.html, Top 5 Research Institutions, , Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, , Rank - 1, , The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) established on May 27,, 1909, the foundation stone was laid in with active support, from Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata, the Government of India,, and the Maharaja of Mysore. Since its establishment, IISc has, become the premier institute for advanced scientific and, technological research and education in India. The Indian, st, Institute of Science Bangalore stands at the 1 position in the, Research Category of India Rankings 2021., , Indian Institute of Technology Madras, , Rank - 2, , Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), set-up, by Government of India in 1959, is one amongst the foremost, Institutes of National Importance in higher technological, education, basic and applied research. The institute is, located in the city of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The Indian, nd, Institute of Technology Madras stands at the 2 position in, Research Category of India Rankings 2021., , India Rankings 2021, , 97

Page 114 : Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, , Rank - 3, , The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay) is a, public engineering institute located in Powai, Mumbai, India., Established by the Government of India in 1958, IIT Bombay, is an Institute of National Importance and a Deemed to be, University. The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, stands at the 3rd position in Research Category of India, Rankings 2021., , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, , Rank - 4, , The Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi) is a, public engineering and research institute situated in Hauz, Khas, Delhi. The Institute was established in 1961 as the, College of Engineering & Technology affiliated to University, of Delhi and was renamed later as “Indian Institute of, Technology Delhi”. IIT Delhi is an Institute of National, Importance declared by the Government of India. The Indian, th, Institute of Technology Delhi stands at the 4 position in, Research Category of India Rankings 2021., , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, , Rank - 5, , The Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT, Kharagpur) is a public engineering institute and Institute of, National Importance established by the Government of India, in 1951. The Institute was established and started its journey, in the old Hijli Detention Camp, Hijli, Kharagpur, West Bengal., The Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur stands at the, th, 5 position in Research Category of India Rankings 2021., , India Rankings 2021, , 98

Page 115 : 11., , Execution, , 11.1 National Board of Accreditation (NBA), The National Board of Accreditation (NBA) was the primary agency that was given the overall responsibility of co-ordinating, and executing the Ranking work in consultation with the Implementation Core-Committee, constituted by the Ministry of, Education. NBA invited applications for registration of institutions for ranking in various disciplines and the overall ranking., It coordinated with its collaborators to execute all aspects of the ranking work., 11.2. INFLIBNET Centre, The Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) Centre was responsible for the development of NIRF Web Portal, including data capturing system, perception capturing system, the feedback mechanism and the ranking platform. The Centre, also provided and verified data on publications, citations, patents, top 25% highly cited papers, H-Index and JCR-IQ. The, Centre also deployed technical help desk at its premises., 11.3 Other Acknowledgements, We acknowledge with gratitude the help and advice from UGC and AICTE from time to time. We especially acknowledge the, help and advice from our industrial partners, Elsevier and Clarivate Analytics., 12. URL of Ranked Institutions, , India Rankings 2021, , 99

Page 117 : National Institutional Ranking Framework, National Institutional Ranking Framework, National Institutional Ranking Framework, National Institutional Ranking Framework, National Institutional Ranking Framework, , National Institutional Ranking Framework, National Institutional Ranking Framework, National Institutional Ranking Framework, National Institutional Ranking Framework, National Institutional Ranking Framework, National Institutional Ranking Framework, , National Institutional Ranking Framework, , National Board of Accreditation, , 4th floor, East Tower, NBCC Place,, Bhisham Pitamah Marg Pragati Vihar, New Delhi 110003, INDIA, 011 24360620 - 22, Fax - 011 43084903