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Fixed Prepositions by Englishkendra, , Visit-EnglishKendra.com, For PDFs/Compilations, Join -, , Click Here to download “English HotSpot”: the Compilation of recent The Hindu, Editorials with RC, Cloze test, Error Detection, Phrase Replacement, Para, Jumbles (with detailed solutions), Note- English HotSpot is a panacea that helps you score high marks in the, English section (Recommended by Toppers), Click here to download topic-wise Grammar Notes, Join our Telegram channel to get more such PDFs, Noun Study Notes, Definition- A noun is a word that names something, such as a person, place,, thing, or idea. In a sentence, nouns can play the role of subject, direct object,, indirect object, subject complement, object complement, appositive, or adjective., Types of Noun, 1. Proper Noun: a proper noun is the name of some particular person or place., Ex- Meera, Shyam, Delhi., Download English HotSpot
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Fixed Prepositions by Englishkendra, , 2. Common Noun: A Common noun is a name given in common to every person, or thing of the same kind or class., Ex- boy, girl, teacher etc., , 3. Collective noun: A collective noun is the name of a group of persons or things., Ex- Jury, committee, crowd etc., 4. Abstract Noun: a noun denoting an idea, quality, or state rather than a, concrete object., Ex- Honesty, innocence, fear, judgment. Etc., 5. Material Noun: Material noun is the name given to the material, substance or, things made up of The alloy., Ex- Potato, gold, silver etc., NOUN: Gender, 1. Masculine Gender, A noun that denotes male animal is said to be of the Masculine Gender., Ex- Man, boy, Tiger, Sun etc., 2. Feminine Gender: A noun that denotes a female animal is said to be of the, Feminine Gender., Ex- woman, girl, nature, lioness etc., 3. Common Gender: A noun that denotes either a male or a female is said to be, of the common gender., Ex- Parent, child, student, cousin etc., 4.Neuter Gender: A noun that denotes a thing without life, neither male nor, female, is said to be of the Neuter gender., Ex- Book, Pen, room etc., Download English HotSpot
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Fixed Prepositions by Englishkendra, , NOUN: NUMBER, 1. Singular Noun:, A noun that denotes one person or thing, is said to be in the Singular Number., Ex- pen, cow, boy etc., 2. Plural Noun: A noun that denotes more than one person or thing, is said to be, in the plural Number., Ex- Pens, Boys, Cows etc, NOUN: Countable and Uncountable Noun, Countable nouns are the names of objects, people etc that we can count., Ex- book, apple, doctor, horse etc., Uncountable nouns are the names of things which we can’t count., They mainly denote substance and abstract things., Ex- milk, oil, sugar, gold, honesty etc., NOUN: CASES, The case of a noun tells us about the position of that noun or pronoun in a, sentence., In English, there are five cases., , , , , Nominative case: a noun is said to be in the nominative case if it is the subject of, a verb. Ex- Mohit is an intelligent boy., Objective case: Nouns or Pronouns are said to be in objective case if they are the, direct object of verbs or the objects of the preposition., Dative case: A noun is said to be in Dative case if it is the indirect object of the, verb., Sohit brought me a flower. (‘Me’ is in dative case), , , , , Possessive case: A noun is said to be in the possessive case if it denotes, possession or ownership. Ex- This is your notebook. (‘your’ is in possessive case), Vocative case: A noun or pronoun is said to be in vocative case if it is used to call (, or to get attention of a person or persons). Ex- Miss Malini, people are waiting for, you in the hall. (Miss Malini is in vocative case), Download English HotSpot
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Fixed Prepositions by Englishkendra, , NOUN in Apposition, when one noun follows another to describe it, the noun which follows is said to, be in apposition to the noun which comes before it., , , Ex- Dhoni, our captain, made eighty runs., , 🔷Let's discuss some important rules associated with NOUN(with examples), ◼RULE 1, , Uncountable nouns are generally used in the singular form., The indefinite article is not used before them., They are not used with a plural verb., , Some examples of this noun - Advice, Evidence, Word, Information, Hair,, Luggage, Scenery, Business, Employment, Machinery, Equipment, Baggage,, Furniture, Poetry etc, , Spotting Errors, , One should be true to one's words.❌, One should be true to one's word. ✔️, Rohan gave me an information. ❌, Rohan gave me information.✔️, , All the evidences were against him.❌, Download English HotSpot
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Fixed Prepositions by Englishkendra, , All the evidence was against him.✔️, ⚫Note - a piece of /an act of /a loaf of etc is used to make an uncountable, noun, singular., Example - Rohan gave me a piece of Information. ✔️, Similarly, pieces of /acts of/loaves of etc are used to make an uncountable noun,, plural., Example - Rohan gave me some pieces of advice. ✔️, , ◼RULE 2, Certain nouns exist in plural forms only. Thus "s" can't be removed from such, nouns to make them singular. They take plural verb., , Examples - Scissors, Tongs, Pliers, Pincers, Bellows, Trousers Shorts, Pants,, Pajamas, Goggles, Binoculars, Alms, Archives, Embers, Arrears, Lodgings,, Outskirts, Shambles, Tactics etc, Where is my pants?❌, Where are my pants? ✔️, Alms was given to the beggar. ❌, Alms were given to the beggar. ✔️, ⚫Note:-Wages can be used in both singular and plural forms. When it means, labour it acts as plural. when it's used as a result, it acts as singular., Example - Wages are paid in cash. ✔️, Wages of hard work is sweet.✔️, Download English HotSpot
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Fixed Prepositions by Englishkendra, , ◼RULE 3, , News, Innings, Politics, Summons, Physics, Economics, Shingles, Linguistics etc, are certain nouns that are plural in form but singular in meaning. They take a, singular verb., Spotting errors, This news is not fake.✔️, The summons has been received by Mukesh.✔️, Shingles is a viral infection that causes a painful rash. ✔️, ⚫Note - summons is used as a noun and singular, plural of summons is, summonses while 'summon' is used as a verb which means to ask someone to, appear especially in a court., , Two summonses have been received.✔️, Summons - Noun, They were summoned to the court to give advice. ✔️, summon - Verb, 💯Click here for the important error spotting questions from Noun, , ◼RULE 4, , There are some collective nouns that are plural in nature so take plural verbs. 's', or 'es' is not used with them to make them plural, , Example - cattle, peasantry, cavalry, people, folk, children, gentry, police etc., Download English HotSpot
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Fixed Prepositions by Englishkendra, , Cattle is grazing in the field. ❌, Cattles are grazing in the field.❌, Cattle are grazing in the field.✔️, , ⚫Note - when 'people' means a group of persons it acts as plural without taking, 's' with it, but when 'people' is used in the sense of a country or a race then it, takes 's' with it to make a plural formation., Example - There are young peoples at the party. ❌, There are young people at the party. ✔️, India, china and Pakistan are people of Asia. ❌, India, china and Pakistan are peoples of Asia. ✔️, , ◼RULE 5, The collective nouns like committee, jury, house, ministry, police, mob,, audience, team, board are used with singular verbs when they are used as a, body or a group and not as members. When they are used as members then, they take a plural verb., , ( ◾Tip - when a group is considered as a single unit, it takes a singular verb and, singular pronoun and when it's considered plural, it takes a plural verb. ), Example - The police has become insensitive. ✔️, The police was posted all over the route.❌, The police were posted all over the route. ✔️, The committee have approved expenditure of fifty crores.❌, The committee has approved expenditure of fifty crores. ✔️, , Download English HotSpot
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Fixed Prepositions by Englishkendra, , The committee has not decided on the matter yet. ❌, The committee have not decided on the matter yet. ✔️, ⚫Note - when a collective noun like committee, jury etc is not unanimous, it, takes plural verb as in this case it's not considered as a single unit., 💯 CLICK HERE FOR THE HINDU PHRASAL VERBS COMPILATION, 💯 CLICK HERE FOR THE HINDU IDIOMS COMPILATION, 💯 CLICK HERE FOR THE HINDU VOCAB COMPILATION, ◼RULE 6, The hyphenated noun does not have a plural form., Example - He gave me five hundred - rupees notes. ❌, He gave me five hundred - rupee notes.✔️, Sumit stays in five - stars hotels. ❌, Sumit stays in five - star hotels. ✔️, ◼RULE 7, Nouns expressing number are used in singular form, with numeral adjectives., For example - Sheetal gave me five dozens pens. ❌, Sheetal gave me five dozen pens. ✔️, ◼RULE 8, If a preposition connects two similar nouns , the noun used in singular form, takes singular verb., Example - Villages after villages was visited during the last election. ❌, Villages after villages were visited during the last election. ❌, Village after village was visited during the last election. ✔️, ◼RULE 9, Download English HotSpot
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Fixed Prepositions by Englishkendra, , Use of apostrophe with 's', a) The use of the apostrophe with 's' is not correct in the case of non-living, things. It is restricted only to living things, time, weight, distance, amount or, personified nouns., The table's wood. ❌, The wood of the table. ✔️, Girl's hand. ✔️, A one-kilometre's journey. ✔️, Time's march.✔️, A rupee's worth. ✔️Nature's laws. ✔️, b) Two nouns in the possessive case denote plural form. When apostrophe, with 's' is used with one noun, it expresses singular form., For example, Shweta and Sohan's mother (the mother of both Shweta and Sohan), Shweta' and Sohan's mothers ( mothers of Shweta and Sohan), C) With compound nouns apostrophe with 's' is added only with the last word., Sister's-in-law behaviour. ❌, Sister-in-law's behaviour. ✔️, d) Pronouns are written by omitting apostrophe but 's' is added., Yours truly, Its colour, e) Possessive case is indicated by apostrophe without 's' after plural nouns or, words ending with 's'., John keats' poem, Girls' hostel, Jesus' sake, Dickens' novel, Download English HotSpot
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Fixed Prepositions by Englishkendra, , Kalidas' works, , f) 'Else' combined with indefinite pronouns (somebody, anybody , nobody etc), is expressed in possessive case as somebody else's in place of somebody's else., This is not my pen. This is somebody's else. ❌, This is not my pen. This is somebody else's. ✔️, ◼Rule 10, Note the use of fractions., One and a half years is wasted. ❌, One and a half years are wasted.✔️, A year and a half is wasted. ✔️, Some words are used wrongly in colloquial English in India., Examples, Incorrect, , Cousin brother /sister, Pick pocketer, Proudy, Big blunder, , Correct, , cousin, Pickpocket, Proud, Blunder, , Click Here to download “English HotSpot”: the Compilation of recent The Hindu, Editorials with RC, Cloze test, Error Detection, Phrase Replacement, Para, Jumbles (with detailed solutions), , Download English HotSpot
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Fixed Prepositions by Englishkendra, , Note- English HotSpot is a panacea that helps you score high marks in the, English section (Recommended by Toppers), Click here to download topic-wise Grammar Notes, Join our Telegram channel to get more such PDFs, , Download English HotSpot
