English @, CTET-1 - All Subjects - MCQ Test

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English @, CTET-1

English test for CTET-1

Nov 22, 3:00 AM

50 minutes

Nov 23, 3:00 AM

60.0 marks

MCQ

40 questions

English @, CTET-1

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MCQ Test of Maheshwari Classes, All Subjects English @, CTET-1 - Study Material

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Question 2 : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option. It is your duty to train and develop your mind and acquire knowledge, as much knowledge as you possibly, can obtain. Knowledge is like a deep well, fed by perennial springs and your Mind is the little bucket that you drop into it: you will get as much as you can assimilate. The Brain, which is the physical organ of the mind, is one of the two precious products of the aeons of Evolution: the other is the imponderable “Social instinct”. This wonderful Brain, whose every convolution represents millions of years of Time, really distinguishes you from the animals. Many animals have very powerful sense organs; the eagle, the ant and the dog have keener sense of sight than Man. But no animal has a more evolved Brain and higher Intelligence. If you do not develop and use this Brain to the utmost of your power, you are more akin to the beasts than to Homo-sapiens. Knowledge and mental self-culture will confer untold blessings upon you. You will not be the victim of superstition and demagogy in religion and politics. You will know your duty and do it. To be wise and independent in your religion and your politics, not to be doped and duped by the selfish priests and the scheming politicians of Capitalism and so called socialism: is this not a noble aim worth striving for? Most men and women today are not free and wise: they are like kites flown by the priests and politicians who hold the string. They are fleeced and fooled on account of their ignorance. Half the ills of man are due to ignorance. If one acquires knowledge and develops mental self-culture, one will not be the victim of

Question 3 : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option. Every evening, some part of the British Commonwealth hears the chimes of Big Ben, largest of the bells in the clock tower of the Palace of Westminster. The bell is popularly called Big Ben, and it is this bell which chimes out the quarter hours to the people of London. For Britons at sea or living in distant lands, the sound of Big Ben is still a link with home, for the chimes are broadcast each evening by the British Broadcasting Corporation. Big Ben has been chiming out the quarter hours now for more than one-and-a-half centuries. It started chiming on June 11, 1859. At that time, the Parliament couldn't decide what to name the bell. A light-hearted Member of Parliament called attention, in a speech, to the impressive bulk of Sir Benjamin Hall, Queen Victoria's Chief Lord of the Woods and Forests. “Call it Big Ben,” said the speaker, and the name stuck. Big Ben is 9 feet in diameter, 7 feet 6 inches tall, and the thickness where the hammer strikes in 8.75 inches. The clock that regulates the chiming of Big Ben keeps good time. In 1939, the Royal Astronomer made a 290-day check on the performance of the clock. He found that during this test, the margin of error was less than two-tenth of a second in 24 hours on 93 days and greater than one second only on 16 of the 290 days. There was an unexpected lapse on August 12, 1945, and consternation swept through the Ministry of Works. On that dark day, the clock was five minutes slow. A flock of starlings had roosted on the minute hand. On August 12, 1945, Big Ben's clock was

Question 4 : A teacher, Amrita, uses various tasks such as creating charts, graphs, drawing, gathering information and presenting them through pair or group work. This differentiated instruction

Question 5 : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option. It is your duty to train and develop your mind and acquire knowledge, as much knowledge as you possibly, can obtain. Knowledge is like a deep well, fed by perennial springs and your Mind is the little bucket that you drop into it: you will get as much as you can assimilate. The Brain, which is the physical organ of the mind, is one of the two precious products of the aeons of Evolution: the other is the imponderable “Social instinct”. This wonderful Brain, whose every convolution represents millions of years of Time, really distinguishes you from the animals. Many animals have very powerful sense organs; the eagle, the ant and the dog have keener sense of sight than Man. But no animal has a more evolved Brain and higher Intelligence. If you do not develop and use this Brain to the utmost of your power, you are more akin to the beasts than to Homo-sapiens. Knowledge and mental self-culture will confer untold blessings upon you. You will not be the victim of superstition and demagogy in religion and politics. You will know your duty and do it. To be wise and independent in your religion and your politics, not to be doped and duped by the selfish priests and the scheming politicians of Capitalism and so called socialism: is this not a noble aim worth striving for? Most men and women today are not free and wise: they are like kites flown by the priests and politicians who hold the string. They are fleeced and fooled on account of their ignorance. Half the ills of man are due to ignorance. What, according to the passage, is the duty of human beings?

Question 6 : Read the following poem carefully and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option. The sun descending in the west, The evening star does shine; The birds are silent in their nest, And I must seek for mine. The moon, like a flower, In heaven’s high bower, With silent delight Sits and smiles on the might. Farewell, green fields and happy groves, Where flocks have taken delight. Where lambs have nibbled, silent moves The feet of angles bright; Unseen they pour blessing, And each sleeping bosom. They look in every thoughtless nest, Where birds are covered warm; They visit caves of every beast, To keep them all from harm. If they see any weeping That should have been sleeping, They pour sleep on their head, And sit down by their bed. The evening star rises when

Question 7 : Essays or long writing tasks especially on a discursive issue should

Question 8 : Essays or long writing tasks especially on a discursive issue should

Question 9 : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option. It is your duty to train and develop your mind and acquire knowledge, as much knowledge as you possibly, can obtain. Knowledge is like a deep well, fed by perennial springs and your Mind is the little bucket that you drop into it: you will get as much as you can assimilate. The Brain, which is the physical organ of the mind, is one of the two precious products of the aeons of Evolution: the other is the imponderable “Social instinct”. This wonderful Brain, whose every convolution represents millions of years of Time, really distinguishes you from the animals. Many animals have very powerful sense organs; the eagle, the ant and the dog have keener sense of sight than Man. But no animal has a more evolved Brain and higher Intelligence. If you do not develop and use this Brain to the utmost of your power, you are more akin to the beasts than to Homo-sapiens. Knowledge and mental self-culture will confer untold blessings upon you. You will not be the victim of superstition and demagogy in religion and politics. You will know your duty and do it. To be wise and independent in your religion and your politics, not to be doped and duped by the selfish priests and the scheming politicians of Capitalism and so called socialism: is this not a noble aim worth striving for? Most men and women today are not free and wise: they are like kites flown by the priests and politicians who hold the string. They are fleeced and fooled on account of their ignorance. Half the ills of man are due to ignorance. If one acquires knowledge and develops mental self-culture, one will not be the victim of

Question 11 : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option. Heights of Abraham are cliffs. These are one of the outstanding natural features of the city of Quebec in Canada and were the scene of a famous battle. Major General James Wolfe (1727-59) was only thirty-two years old when commanded by the British Prime minister, William Pit, to capture Quebec from the french during the seven year war (1756-63). The capture of the city lying on the banks of the St. Lawrence river in Eastern Canada, would open the way for the overthrow of the French forces in North America. For three months in the summer of 1759, Wolfe attempted to overcome the French by frontal attack from across the river, but the defenders held an almost impregnable position. Wolfe decided to make an attack from the rear in the early, dark hours of September 13. He held his army across the river above the town and surprised the French soldiers guarding the small cove which now bears his name. Then came the highly dangerous task of scaling the cliffs - the Heights of Abraham. By sunrise Wolfe and his army of 4000 had achieved their goal and were on the Plains of Abraham drawn up in battle array and ready to fight. Before Wolfe's audacious plan had been carried to its successful conclusion, both Wolfe and the great French Commander, Montcalm, lay dying in the battlefield. Knowing that success was his, Wolfe whispered, I die contented.' On the other hand, when told that he was fatally wounded, Montcalm cried out. `Thank God! I shall not live to see the surrender of Quebec.' Capturing Quebec would

Question 12 : A teacher, Amrita, uses various tasks such as creating charts, graphs, drawing, gathering information and presenting them through pair or group work. This differentiated instruction

Question 13 : Read the following poem carefully and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option. The sun descending in the west, The evening star does shine; The birds are silent in their nest, And I must seek for mine. The moon, like a flower, In heaven’s high bower, With silent delight Sits and smiles on the might. Farewell, green fields and happy groves, Where flocks have taken delight. Where lambs have nibbled, silent moves The feet of angles bright; Unseen they pour blessing, And each sleeping bosom. They look in every thoughtless nest, Where birds are covered warm; They visit caves of every beast, To keep them all from harm. If they see any weeping That should have been sleeping, They pour sleep on their head, And sit down by their bed. The evening star rises when

Question 14 : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option. It is your duty to train and develop your mind and acquire knowledge, as much knowledge as you possibly, can obtain. Knowledge is like a deep well, fed by perennial springs and your Mind is the little bucket that you drop into it: you will get as much as you can assimilate. The Brain, which is the physical organ of the mind, is one of the two precious products of the aeons of Evolution: the other is the imponderable “Social instinct”. This wonderful Brain, whose every convolution represents millions of years of Time, really distinguishes you from the animals. Many animals have very powerful sense organs; the eagle, the ant and the dog have keener sense of sight than Man. But no animal has a more evolved Brain and higher Intelligence. If you do not develop and use this Brain to the utmost of your power, you are more akin to the beasts than to Homo-sapiens. Knowledge and mental self-culture will confer untold blessings upon you. You will not be the victim of superstition and demagogy in religion and politics. You will know your duty and do it. To be wise and independent in your religion and your politics, not to be doped and duped by the selfish priests and the scheming politicians of Capitalism and so called socialism: is this not a noble aim worth striving for? Most men and women today are not free and wise: they are like kites flown by the priests and politicians who hold the string. They are fleeced and fooled on account of their ignorance. Half the ills of man are due to ignorance. What, according to the passage, is the duty of human beings?

Question 16 : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option. Heights of Abraham are cliffs. These are one of the outstanding natural features of the city of Quebec in Canada and were the scene of a famous battle. Major General James Wolfe (1727-59) was only thirty-two years old when commanded by the British Prime minister, William Pit, to capture Quebec from the french during the seven year war (1756-63). The capture of the city lying on the banks of the St. Lawrence river in Eastern Canada, would open the way for the overthrow of the French forces in North America. For three months in the summer of 1759, Wolfe attempted to overcome the French by frontal attack from across the river, but the defenders held an almost impregnable position. Wolfe decided to make an attack from the rear in the early, dark hours of September 13. He held his army across the river above the town and surprised the French soldiers guarding the small cove which now bears his name. Then came the highly dangerous task of scaling the cliffs - the Heights of Abraham. By sunrise Wolfe and his army of 4000 had achieved their goal and were on the Plains of Abraham drawn up in battle array and ready to fight. Before Wolfe's audacious plan had been carried to its successful conclusion, both Wolfe and the great French Commander, Montcalm, lay dying in the battlefield. Knowing that success was his, Wolfe whispered, I die contented.' On the other hand, when told that he was fatally wounded, Montcalm cried out. `Thank God! I shall not live to see the surrender of Quebec.' Capturing Quebec would

Question 17 : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option. Every evening, some part of the British Commonwealth hears the chimes of Big Ben, largest of the bells in the clock tower of the Palace of Westminster. The bell is popularly called Big Ben, and it is this bell which chimes out the quarter hours to the people of London. For Britons at sea or living in distant lands, the sound of Big Ben is still a link with home, for the chimes are broadcast each evening by the British Broadcasting Corporation. Big Ben has been chiming out the quarter hours now for more than one-and-a-half centuries. It started chiming on June 11, 1859. At that time, the Parliament couldn't decide what to name the bell. A light-hearted Member of Parliament called attention, in a speech, to the impressive bulk of Sir Benjamin Hall, Queen Victoria's Chief Lord of the Woods and Forests. “Call it Big Ben,” said the speaker, and the name stuck. Big Ben is 9 feet in diameter, 7 feet 6 inches tall, and the thickness where the hammer strikes in 8.75 inches. The clock that regulates the chiming of Big Ben keeps good time. In 1939, the Royal Astronomer made a 290-day check on the performance of the clock. He found that during this test, the margin of error was less than two-tenth of a second in 24 hours on 93 days and greater than one second only on 16 of the 290 days. There was an unexpected lapse on August 12, 1945, and consternation swept through the Ministry of Works. On that dark day, the clock was five minutes slow. A flock of starlings had roosted on the minute hand. On August 12, 1945, Big Ben's clock was

Question 18 : We use real objects to teach young learners new words because

Question 19 : We use real objects to teach young learners new words because

Question 21 : Read the following poem carefully and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option. Go hang yourself, you old M.D.! You shall not sneer at me. Pick up your hat and stethoscope, Go wash your mouth with laundry soap; I contemplate a joy exquisite I’m not paying you for your visit. I did not call you to be told My malady is a common cold. By pounding brow and swollen lip; By fever’s hot and scaly grip; By those two red redundant eyes That weep like woeful April skies; By racking snuffle, snort, and sniff; By handkerchief after handkerchief; This cold you wave away as naught Is the damnedest cold man ever caught! Bacilli swarm within my portals Such as were ne’er conceived by mortals, But bred by scientists wise and hoary In some Olympic laboratory; Bacteria as large as mice, With feet of fire and heads of ice Who never interrupt for slumber Their stamping elephantine rumba. The general tone of the poem can be described as

Question 22 : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option. Heights of Abraham are cliffs. These are one of the outstanding natural features of the city of Quebec in Canada and were the scene of a famous battle. Major General James Wolfe (1727-59) was only thirty-two years old when commanded by the British Prime minister, William Pit, to capture Quebec from the french during the seven year war (1756-63). The capture of the city lying on the banks of the St. Lawrence river in Eastern Canada, would open the way for the overthrow of the French forces in North America. For three months in the summer of 1759, Wolfe attempted to overcome the French by frontal attack from across the river, but the defenders held an almost impregnable position. Wolfe decided to make an attack from the rear in the early, dark hours of September 13. He held his army across the river above the town and surprised the French soldiers guarding the small cove which now bears his name. Then came the highly dangerous task of scaling the cliffs - the Heights of Abraham. By sunrise Wolfe and his army of 4000 had achieved their goal and were on the Plains of Abraham drawn up in battle array and ready to fight. Before Wolfe's audacious plan had been carried to its successful conclusion, both Wolfe and the great French Commander, Montcalm, lay dying in the battlefield. Knowing that success was his, Wolfe whispered, I die contented.' On the other hand, when told that he was fatally wounded, Montcalm cried out. `Thank God! I shall not live to see the surrender of Quebec.' Wolfe decided to attack from the rear because

Question 23 : Read the following passage carefully and choose the most appropriate answer to the question out of the four alternatives. An old shepherd was playing a flute on the marshlands outside Rome. He played so sweetly that a lovely fairy came and listened to him. “Will you marry me, and play to me in my castle?” she said. “Yes, yes, lovely lady!” said the shepherd. The fairy put a ring on his finger. At once he became a handsome young man dressed in princely robes. “But I must first go to Rome and bid farewell to my friends”, he said. The fairy gave him a golden coach with twelve white horses. As he rode in State to Rome, he met the young Queen of Italy, who invited him to her palace. The shepherd saw that he had won the Queen’s heart. He resolved to marry her and become the King of Italy and let the fairy go. So when he and the Queen were alone together he knelt down and took her hand, saying: “Marry me, dearest and I will help you to govern Italy.” But at soon as he spoke he turned into an old and rugged shepherd. “What is this horrible beggar doing here?” cried the Queen. “Whip him out of the palace.” When the fairy put a ring on his finger, the shepherd

Question 24 : A _________ is the smallest unit of a word that provides a specific meaning to a string of letters.

Question 25 : “You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word: Victory.” Churchill asks a question and then goes on to answer it. Such question is

Question 26 : A test which is administered at the end of a language course is

Question 27 : Read the following poem carefully and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option. SHE WALKS IN BEAUTY She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies; and all that’s best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes: Thus mellow’d to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies. One shade the more, one ray the less, Had half impair’d the nameless grace Which waves in every raven trees Or softly lightens o’er her face; Where thoughts serenely sweet express How pure, how dear, their dwelling-place. And on that cheek, and o’er that brow, So soft, so calm, yet eloquent. The smiles that win, the tints that glow, But tell of days in goodness spent, A mind at peace with all below, A heart whose love is innocent. TENDER means

Question 28 : Read the following passage carefully and choose the most appropriate answer to the question out of the four alternatives. The Bengal Renaissance refers to a social reform movement during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the region of Bengal in Undivided India during the period of British rule. The Bengal renaissance can be said to have started with Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1775-1833) and ended with Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) although there have been many stalwarts thereafter embodying particular aspects of the unique intellectual and creative output. Nineteenth century Bengal was a unique blend of religious and social reformers, scholars, literary giants, journalists, patriotic orators and scientists all merging to form the image of a renaissance and marked the transition from the medieval to the modern .During this period Bengal witnessed an intellectual awakening that is in some way similar to the European Renaissance during the 16th century although Europeans of that age were not confronted with the challenge and Influence of alien colonialism. This movement questioned existing orthodoxies particularly with respect to women marriage, the dowry system, the caste system and religion. One of the earliest social movements that emerged during this time was the Young Bengal movement that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct among upper caste educated Hindus. The parallel socio- religious movement, the Brahmo Samaj developed during this time period and counted many of the leaders of the Bengal Renaissance among its followers. Find the option that is opposite in meaning to alien.

Question 29 : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option. The public distribution system, which provides food at low prices, is a subject of vital concern. There is a growing realization that though India has enough food to feed its masses two square meals a day, the monster of starvation and food insecurity continues to haunt the poor in our country. Increasing the purchasing power of the poor through providing productive employment leading to rising income, and thus good standard of living is the ultimate objective of public policy. However, till then, there is a need to provide assured supply of good through a restructured, more efficient and decentralized public distribution system (PDS). Although the PDS is extensive it is one of the largest such systems in the world - it has not reached the rural poor and the remote places. It remains an urban phenomenon, with the majority of the rural poor still out of its reach due to lack of economic and physical access. The poorest in the cities and the migrants are left out, for they generally do not possess ration cards. The allocation of PDS supplies in big cities is larger than in rural areas. In view of such deficiencies in the system, the PDS urgently needs to be streamlined. Also, considering the large food grains production combined with food subsidy on one hand and the continuing slow starvation and dismal poverty of rural population on the other, there is a strong case for making PDS target group oriented. By making PDS target group oriented, not only the poorest and the neediest would be reached without additional cost but we can also reduce the overall costs incurred. Read the following passage carefully and choose the most appropriate answer to the question out of the four alternatives. True, it is the function of the army to maintain law and order in abnormal times. But in normal times there is another force that compels citizens to obey the laws and to act with due regard to the rights of others. The force also protects the lives and the properties of law abiding men. Laws are made to secure the personal safety of its subjects and to prevent murder and crimes of violence. They are made to secure the property of the citizens against theft and damage to protect the rights of communities and castes to carry out their customs and ceremonies, so long as they do not conflict with the rights of others. Now the good citizen, of his own free will obey these laws and he takes care that everything he does is done with due regard to the rights and well-being of others. But the bad citizen is only restrained from breaking these laws by fear of the consequence of his actions. And the necessary steps to compel the bad citizen to act as a good citizen are taken by this force. The supreme control of law and order in a State is in the hands of a Minister who is responsible to the State Assembly and acts through the Inspector General of Police. Which one of the following statement is implied in the passage?

Question 30 : Additive ____________ states that developing proficiency in a second language helps develop proficiency in the first language.

Question 31 : If you desire to make a good rapport with the fresher students on the commencement of the session, what would you like to do with them?

Question 32 : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option. Heights of Abraham are cliffs. These are one of the outstanding natural features of the city of Quebec in Canada and were the scene of a famous battle. Major General James Wolfe (1727-59) was only thirty-two years old when commanded by the British Prime minister, William Pit, to capture Quebec from the french during the seven year war (1756-63). The capture of the city lying on the banks of the St. Lawrence river in Eastern Canada, would open the way for the overthrow of the French forces in North America. For three months in the summer of 1759, Wolfe attempted to overcome the French by frontal attack from across the river, but the defenders held an almost impregnable position. Wolfe decided to make an attack from the rear in the early, dark hours of September 13. He held his army across the river above the town and surprised the French soldiers guarding the small cove which now bears his name. Then came the highly dangerous task of scaling the cliffs - the Heights of Abraham. By sunrise Wolfe and his army of 4000 had achieved their goal and were on the Plains of Abraham drawn up in battle array and ready to fight. Before Wolfe's audacious plan had been carried to its successful conclusion, both Wolfe and the great French Commander, Montcalm, lay dying in the battlefield. Knowing that success was his, Wolfe whispered, I die contented.' On the other hand, when told that he was fatally wounded, Montcalm cried out. `Thank God! I shall not live to see the surrender of Quebec.' The word from the text that means 'reckless and daring' is

Question 33 : Read the following passage carefully and choose the most appropriate answer to the question out of the four alternatives. Learning is the knowledge of that which is not generally known to others, and which we can only derive at second-hand from books or other artificial sources. The knowledge of that which is before us, or about us, which appeals to our experience, passions, and pursuits, to the bosoms and businesses of men, is not learning. Learning is the knowledge of that which none but the learned know. He is the most learned man who knows the most of what is farthest removed from common life and actual observation. The learned man prides himself in the knowledge of names, and dates, not of men or things. He thinks and cares nothing about his next-door neighbours, but he is deeply read in the tribes and castes of the Hindoos and Calmuc Tartars. He can hardly find his way into the next street, though he is acquainted with the exact dimensions of Constantinople and Peking. He does not know whether his oldest acquaintance is a knave or a fool, but he can pronounce a pompous lecture on all the principal characters in history. He cannot tell whether an object is black or white, round or square, and yet he is a professed master of the optics and the rules of perspective. A learned man, as described in the passage,

Question 34 : Read the following poem carefully and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option. T' was the night before Christmas, And all through the kitchen, My mother was cooking some delicious chicken. All of the sudden, the light bulb broke, And my mother randomly started to choke, In a flash, Superman came. My brother thought his costume was lame. And instead of rescuing the day, He ate up my dinner, And he flew away Santa burnt the house with dynamite and flares, I guess I was on the naughty list, next year, I'll care! The speaker feels that Santa burnt the house because

Question 35 : Read the following passage carefully and choose the most appropriate answer to the question out of the four alternatives. A guest speaker was addressing the faculty and the students in the college auditorium. I had joined the faculty the year before, and was already drawing attention. I was 27, full of assumptions about myself, quick with a comment on everything, and expected people to pay attention to all that I had said. I listened to the talk for the first five minutes. By the seventh, I was looking around to check if others were listening. By the tenth, I had glanced at my watch three times, and yawned once. After twenty minutes I was thoroughly bored, and telling myself that it was difficult to sit through such an insipid talk. I wanted to share some of my expert comments with my neighbor. But he was completely sold out to the speaker, and looked like it was the greatest day of his life. I was disgusted. I tried to catch a word or phrase from the talk, only to convince myself that this should be his last talk ever. The one-hour talk took ages to end, and before the thanks were said, I jumped to my feet with a sigh of relief. My neighbor smiled at me and said, "The talk was wonderful, wasn't it?" I retorted, "It almost killed me with kindness". What do you understand about the narrator from the description in the first paragraph?

Question 36 : When a teacher uses lesson in Science and Social Science to teach language, such an approach can be termed as

Question 38 : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option. The public distribution system, which provides food at low prices, is a subject of vital concern. There is a growing realization that though India has enough food to feed its masses two square meals a day, the monster of starvation and food insecurity continues to haunt the poor in our country. Increasing the purchasing power of the poor through providing productive employment leading to rising income, and thus good standard of living is the ultimate objective of public policy. However, till then, there is a need to provide assured supply of good through a restructured, more efficient and decentralized public distribution system (PDS). Although the PDS is extensive it is one of the largest such systems in the world - it has not reached the rural poor and the remote places. It remains an urban phenomenon, with the majority of the rural poor still out of its reach due to lack of economic and physical access. The poorest in the cities and the migrants are left out, for they generally do not possess ration cards. The allocation of PDS supplies in big cities is larger than in rural areas. In view of such deficiencies in the system, the PDS urgently needs to be streamlined. Also, considering the large food grains production combined with food subsidy on one hand and the continuing slow starvation and dismal poverty of rural population on the other, there is a strong case for making PDS target group oriented. By making PDS target group oriented, not only the poorest and the neediest would be reached without additional cost but we can also reduce the overall costs incurred. Which of the following is true of public distribution system?

Question 39 : In the following questions, you have a brief passage with 5 questions. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives. The Ganges is one of the largest rivers in Asia. It rises in the Himalaya Mountains and ﬂows over 2,500 km through India and Bangladesh into the Bay of Bengal. However, the Ganges, India's holy river, is also one of the most polluted in the world. The Ganges River basin has a size of over 1 million square km. It lies in one of the most populous regions on earth. About 500 million people, half of India's overall population, live in the Ganges river plains. There are many causes of Ganges river pollution. About 2 million Hindus bathe in the river every day. During religious ceremonies, up to a hundred million people clean their sins away in the Ganges River. They believe that bathing in the river will make them pure. In addition, thousands of bodies are cremated near the river, especially around the holy city, Varanasi. The ashes are often released into Ganges. The Ganges also provides water for farming land, which is increasing at a tremendous rate. Irrigation projects cause water levels to go down along the river. More and more dams are being erected along India's holy river, mainly to produce energy for Delhi and other large cities in the area. The river ﬂows through 30 cities with a population of over 100,000 each. Every day, 3 billion litres of untreated water from these big cities pass into the Ganges River, along with remains of animals. Because of India's lax environmental regulations, industries along the river release chemicals and other poisonous material into the Ganges. In some places they are a thousand times over the allowed limit. Especially India's traditional leather industry needs great amounts of water. In addition, fertilizers from the ﬁelds ﬁnd their way into the ground water, and ultimately ﬂow into the river. Altogether, the amount of industrial pollution has doubled in the past 20 years. This widespread pollution of the Ganges River has also led to major health problems. Many diseases are common, including cholera, hepatitis and diarrhea. While India's population keeps growing, more and more people are leaving the countryside and moving to big cities along the Ganges. As a result, the river will not be able to cope with even more people. Life in the river is also at risk. Recent reports have shown that there is a high level of mercury in some ﬁsh. The construction of dams is destroying forests and vegetation, killing off many animal and plants. Indian authorities are ﬁghting an upward battle towards cleaning up the Ganges River. International organizations have offered help. The World Bank has agreed to give India a loan of up to a billion dollars to clean up the Ganges River. According to the passage, which disease is not common due to the widespread pollution of the Ganga River?

Question 40 : To evaluate reading comprehension at class III level, students may be asked to

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