Page 1 : e He also said without faith, the mere dipping in, a river is of no use., , 4. What are the effects of the, , movement?, , e Reformation of the Hindu practices and, bringing about harmony between Hindus and, Muslims were the main purposes of the Bhakti, movement., , e The reformers were successful in removing, many weaknesses in the Hindu society., , e The regional languages of India flourished, since the reformers wrote in these languages., This enabled development of Indian culture., , ¢ This movement facilitated the evolution of, Indian Culture., , e It also made India to be identified as a land of, multi cultures., , Bhakti, , Chapter —7, Europe In The Middle Ages, , i, Fill in the blanks with suitable words., 1. The cultural bankruptcy of Europe is called, , 2. The owner of the land was called, 3. The person who maintained the land was called, , 4. The weak person who was responsible for the, maintenance of land was called, , Ans. (1) Dark Age (2) noble (3) vassals., (4)labourers, ii. Answer the following., , 1. What is feudal system?, , Feudal System is the political military and social, system in the middle Ages, based on the holding of, lands in fief or fee and on the resulting relations, between lord and vassal., , 2. List the advantages and disadvantages of the, feudal system., , (A) The advantages of the feudal system, 1. Simplicity and tailor made administrative, system is the main contribution., , 2. Human protection was guaranteed., , 3. The ruling party could not become autocratic, as they were dependent on the vassals for military, service., , 4. There was notable progress in the economic, system., , 5. Man became aware of his, fundamental rights and, , duties and, , 6. Savagery of the barbaric communities was, controlled., , 7. England, France and Germany encouraged, literature., , 8. Rules and regulations were created and this, made the nobles to protect women, the weak and, the Christian religion., , (B) The Disadvantages:, , 1. A class of aristocracy came into being., , 2. Arguments and disagreements began among, the aristocrats, nobles and vassals., , 3. Sometimes the nobles started competing with, the lords or the kings., , 4. Many became traitors and posed a threat to, their own regional unity., , 5. Judicial system became weak and there was no, tule of law., , 6. The church and the state were at loggerhens, (quarrel)., , 3. Explain the effects of feudalism., , 1. They had absolute control over military. Hence, both the political and economical powers were, concentrated in one place., , 2. The feudal land lords had to depend on the, vassals for military human power. This restricted, the exploitation of these classes., , 3. The power of Barbarians was brought under, control., , 4. The human beings realized their rights and, duties under the system., , 5. Encouraged creative output in literature in, England, France and Germany, 6. Feudalism slowly nourished the emergence of, cities. They become the center of trade and, artecrafts., , 7. Clashes took place among ruling class, feudal, lords and vassals. Due to this problem, the, agreements of feudalism broke down., , , , , , 4. What were the reasons for the decline of the, feudalism?, , The main reasons for the downfall of the feudal, system are as follows:, , 1. The rise of powerful dynastic rule in England,, France and Spain., , 2. Development of regional languages,, nationalism, lust for absolute power in the kings., , 3. Military power and the Crusades hastened the, fall of many systems., , 4. Renaissance and reformation became the main, reasons for the weakening of the feudal system.