Page 2 : squirrel, , , , SWIMMING, seal, , nen wy, ARBOREAL CLIMBING %, , . General Account, ia , iy, , WALKING, ancestral, primitive, , insectivore, , RUNNING HERBIVORE, deer, , ARBOREAL GLIDING, flying! squirrey, , |, , , , , , , , , 4, , , , , , RUNNING CARNIVORE, cheetah, , , , , used, , // ARBOREAL HANGING, sloth, , J, , WALKING, elephant, , , , , , , , , , Fig. 10. Adaptive radiation or divergent evolution in mammals, based on locomotion., , , , , , a, , 2. Terrestrial, (horse, cow,, deer), , 3. Terrestrial, (dog, cheetah), , , , Habits, , Primitive,, insectivores., , walking, , Running (cursorial),, , herbivores., , Running, carnivores., , Table 1. Adaptative Radiation of Mammals for Special Habitats., , Limbs, , Generalized. Feet flat on, ground (plantigrade)., , Limbs elongate. Toes, long, hoofed and, reduced in number., ‘Walking on tips of toes, (unguligrade)., , Limbs elongate. Claws, often long & sham., Walking on toes, (igitigrade), , Teeth, , Grasping incisors,, Piercing canines, cutting, premolars, grinding, molars., Incisors for, selenodont for grinding, grasses,, , Canines, , large for, tearing. Cheek teeth, secondont for cutting, flesh,, , Other features, , Generalized tongue,, stomach & intestine., Caecum small., , Stomach (cow) or, intestine (horse) large, and complex. Caecum, long. Neck elongated., , Stomach large. Intestine, small., , (Table Contd...), 38. (Z-3)

Page 3 : 4. Terrestrial, (elephant), , 5, Terrestrial, (kangaroo,, rabbit), , 6. Terrestrial, (anteaters,, echidna), , 7. Subterranean, (mole, some, rodents), , 8. Trees (squirrel,, monkey, sloth), , 9. Trees (bats), , 10. Trees (flying, phalangers, & squirrels), 11, Sea water, (whales, seals,, sea cows), , Walking, herbivores., , Leaping (jumping),, herbivores., , Digging, mostly, insectivores., , Burrowing _(fossorial),, , Mostly insectivores., , Arboreal, hanging,, frugivorous or, vegetarian., , Flying, insectivorous or, frugivorous, , Volant of gliding and, herbivorous., , Aquatic, piscivorous or, planktivorous., , Limbs pillar-like. Bones, , massive, flat-jointed., Toes in circle around, pads., , Hindlimbs and feet large., 2nd & 3rd toes united, (syndactyly) in kangaroo., Claws enlarged _for, digging insects., , Limbs short & stout., Forefeet enlarged,, Shovel-like, Claws long,, strong and sharp., Limbs _ elongate., long, flexible., , Toes, , Forelimbs form wings., , Forearm, hand and, fingers elongated to, support wing., , Limbs elongate to hold, gliding membrane, outstretched., , Digits not included., Limbs paddle-like., Hindlimbs absent in, , Cetacea., , Mammalia : General Account, , Molars teeth massive,, lophodont, heavily, ridged for grinding plant, materials., , Incisors and molars, numerous, , .Teeth reduced or, absent., , Teeth variable according, to diet. Incisors in, rodents gnawing., , Cheek teeth smooth, surfaced or bunodont, for crushing., , Variable for diets of, insects, fruits, nectar, and blood., Show herbivorous, adaptations., , Teeth simple several,, homodont or absent and, replaced by plates., , Nose elongated into, trunk or proboscis to, reach food on ground or, in trees., , Tail massive, long, used, as a prop and to, balance., , Snout elongated. Tongue, long, slickly and, extensile., , External ears, eyes, tail, and fur short., , Tail long, sometimes, prehensile, or absent., , Tongue, stomach and, intestine variable, , according to diet., , Tail often flattened to, serve for balance and as, , rudder., Form fish-like. Ears, absent or reduced. Tail, , forming flukes.